SỞ GD&ĐT VĨNH PHÚC TRƯỜNG THPT XUÂN HÒA CHUYÊN ĐỀ BỒI DƯỠNG ÔN THI ĐH MÔN TIẾNG ANH HƯỚNG DẪN HỌC SINH LÀM PHẦN ĐỌC HIỂU TRONG ĐỀ THI TUYỂN SINH ĐẠI HỌC GIÁO VIÊN: TRẦN THỊ HOA MÔN: TIẾNG ANH TRƯỜNG THPT XUÂN HÒA CHUYÊN ĐỀ BỒI DƯỠNG ÔN THI ĐẠI HỌC HƯỚNG DẪN HỌC SINH LÀM PHẦN ĐỌC HIỂU TRONG ĐỀ THI TUYỂN SINH ĐẠI HỌC GIÁO VIÊN: TRẦN THỊ HOA MÔN: TIẾNG ANH TRƯỜNG THPT XUÂN HÒA ĐỐI TƯỢNG BỒI DƯỠNG: HS ÔN THI ĐH KHỐI D,A1 SỐ TIẾT BD: 10 In the English test of the entrance university examination, reading section for general or specific information ( except for cloze test) is very important This part accounts for 25% with reading passages So candidates who want to get good marks should study this part carefully For the above reasons, I decided to choose this topic so that everybody can discuss and exchange together First part of this topic, I’d like to post some tips which are applied for reading passages so that you can follow Some examples are in “ English Tests” by Hoang Thi Le M.A Skill 1: MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS Almost every reading passage will have a multiple-choice question about the main idea of a passage Such a question may be worded in a variety of ways; you may, for example, be asked to identify the topic, subject, title, primary idea, or main idea It is relatively easy to find the main ideas by studying the topic sentences, which are most probably found at the beginning of each paragraph If a passage consists of only one paragraph, you should study the beginning of that paragraph to determine the main idea Example The passage: Basketball was invented in 1891 by a physical education instructor in Springfield, Massachusetts, by the name of James Naismith Because of terrible weather in winter, his physical education students were indoors rather than outdoors They really did not like the idea of boring, repetitive exercises and preferred the excitement and challenge of a game Naismith figured out a team sport that could be played indoors on a gymnasium floor, that involved a lot of running, that kept all team members involved, and that did not allow the tackling and physical contact of American style football The question: What is the topic of this passage? A The life of James Naismith B The history of sports C Physical education and exercise D The origin of basketball The first sentence of this passage states that basketball was invented, so the invention of basketball is probably the topic Aquick check of the rest of the sentences in the passage confirms that the topic is, in fact, the beginnings of the sport of basketball Now you should check each of the answers to determine which one comes closest to the topic that you have determined Answer A mentions James Naismith but not basketball, so it is not the topic Answer B is too general; it mentions sports but does not mention basketball Answer C is also too general; it mentions physical education but does not mention basketball The best answer is therefore answer D.: the origin of basketball means that the way that basketball was invented is going to be discussed If a passage consists of more than one paragraph, you should study the beginning of each paragraph to determine the main idea In a passage with more than one paragraph, you should be sure to read the first sentence of each paragraph to determine the subject, topic, title, or main idea The following chart outlines the key information that you should remember about main idea questions MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER What is the topic of the passage? What is the subject of the passage? What is the main idea of the passage? What is the author's main point in the passage? With what is the author primarily concerned? Which of the following would be the best title? The answer to this type of question can generally be determined by looking at the first sentence of each paragraph Read the first line of each paragraph Look for a common theme or idea in the first lines HOW TO ANSWER THE Pass your eyes quickly over the rest of the passage to check that you have really found QUESTION the topic sentence(s) Eliminate any definitely wrong answers and choose the best answer from the remaining choices Skill 2: STATED DETAIL QUESTIONS A stated detail question asks about one piece of information in the passage rather than the passage as a whole The answers to these questions are generally given in order in the passage, and the correct answer is often a restatement of what is given in the passage this means that the correct answer often expresses the same idea as what is written in the pas sage, but the words are not exactly the same Example The passage: Flutes have been around for quite some time, in all sorts of shapes and sizes and made from a variety of materials The oldest known flutes are, about 20,000 years old, they were made from hollowed-out bones with holes cut in them In addition to bone, older flutes were often constructed from bamboo or hollowed-out wood Today flutes are generally made of metal, and in addition to the holes they have a complicated system of keys, levers, and pads The instrument belonging to well-known flautist James Galway is not just made of any metal, it is made of gold The question: According to the passage, the oldest flutes A had holes cut in them B were made of metal C were made 200,000 years ago D had a complicated set of levers and pads Since this question asks about the oldest flutes, you should see that this question is answered in the second sentence The passage states that the oldest known flutes were bones with holes cut in them, so the best answer is answer A Answers B and D are true about today's flutes but not about the oldest flutes, so they are incorrect Answer C is an incorrect number; the oldest flutes are 20,000 years old, not 200,000 years old The following chart outlines the key information that you should remember about stated detail questions: STATED DETAIL QUESTIONS According to the passage… HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION It is stated in the passage The passage indicates that… Which of the following is true ? WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION The answers to the questions are found in order in the passage Choose a key word in the question Skim in the appropriate part of the passage for the key word or idea Read the sentence that contains the key word or idea carefully Eliminate the definitely wrong answers and choose the best answer from the remaining choices Skill 3: FIND "UNSTATED" DETAILS You will sometimes be asked in the reading section to find an answer that is not stated or not mentioned or not true in the passage This type of question really means that three of the answers are stated, mentioned, or true in the passage, while one answer is not Example The passage: The Florida Keys are a beautiful chain of almost 1,000 coral and limestone islands These islands form an arc that heads first southwest and then west from the mainland U.S Highway 1, called the Overseas Highway, connects the main islands in the chain On this highway, it is necessary to cross forty-two bridges over the ocean to cover the 159 miles from Miami, on the mainland, to Key West, the farthest island on the highway and the southernmost city in the United States The question: Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the Florida Keys? A The Florida Keys are a chain of islands B The Florida Keys contain coral and limestone C The Florida Keys are in the shape of an arc D The Florida Keys are not all inhabited This question asks for the one answer that is not mentioned about the Florida Keys The passage states that the Florida Keys are a chain (answer A) with coral and limestone (answer B) in the shape of an arc (answer C), so these answers are not correct The best answer is therefore answer D The passage does not mention whether or not the keys are all inhabited The following chart outlines the key information that you should remember about “unstated” detail questions: “UNSTATED” DETAIL QUESTIONS Which of the following is not stated ? HOW TO Which of the following is not mentioned ? DENTIFY THE Which of the following is not discussed…? QUESTION Which of the following are true except ? WHERE TO The answers to these questions are found in order in the FIND THE passage ANSWER HOW TO Choose a key word in the question ANSWER THE Scan the appropriate place in the passage for the key QUESTION word (or related idea) Read the sentence that contains the key word or idea carefully Look for answers that are definitely true according to the passage Eliminate those answers Choose the answer that is not true or not discussed in the passage Skill 4: IMPLIED DETAIL QUESTIONS In this type of question, you will be asked to answer a multiple choice question about a reading passage by drawing a conclusion from a specific detail or details in the passage Questions of this type contain the words implied, inferred, likely, or probably to let you know that the answer to the question is not directly stated In this type of question, it is important to understand that you not have to "pull the answer out of thin air." Instead, some information will be given in the passage, and you will draw a conclusion from that information Example The passage: The number of rings in a tree can be used to determine how old a tree really is Each year a tree produces a ring that is composed of one light-colored wide band and one darkcolored narrow band The wider band is produced during the spring and early summer when tree stem cells grow rapidly and become larger The narrower band is produced in fall and early winter when cell growth is much slower and cells not get very large No cells are produced during the harsh winter and summer months The question: It is implied in the passage that if a tree has 100 wide bands and 100 narrow bands, then it is A a century old B two centuries old C fifty years old D two hundred years old This question asks about the age of a tree with 100 wide bands and 100 narrow bands The passage does not tell the age of a tree with 100 wide and narrow bands, but it does indicate that….wide band and one narrow band are produced each year From this, you can draw the conclusion that a tree with 100 wide and narrow bands is 100 years, or acentury, old The best answer to this question is therefore answer A The following chart outlines the key information that you should remember about implied detail questions IMPLIED DETAIL QUESTIONS It is implied in the passage that…… It can be inferred from the passage that … It is most likely that…… What probably happened ? The answers to these questions are generally found in order in the passage Choose a key word in the question Scan the passage for the key word (or a related idea) Carefully read the sentence that contains the key word Look for an answer that could be true, according to that sentence Skill 5: VOCABULARY IN CONTEXT QUESTIONS You may be asked to determine the meaning of a difficult word or expression that you not know In this case, the passage often gives you a clear indication of what the word or expression means Example The passage: Professor Richmond's hobby is philately The professor has been quite interested in collecting stamps for a number of years The question: The word "philately" in line could best be replaced by A a philanthropic attitude B a common profession C stamp collecting D teaching classes In this question, you are asked to choose an expression to replace philately You are not expected to know the meaning of the word philately Instead, you should understand from the context that if the professor is interested in collecting stamps, then philately is most likelystamp collecting Answer C is therefore the best answer to this question The following chart outlines the key information that you should remember about vocabulary questions: VOCABULARY IN CONTEXT QUESTIONS HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION What is the meaning of “X” in line Y? The word “X” in line Y could best be replaced by… WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER Information to help you understand the meaning of a vocabulary word can often be found in the context surrounding the word HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION Find the word in the passage Read the sentence that contains the word carefully Look for context clues to help you understand the meaning Choose the answer that the context indicates Skill 6: "WHERE" QUESTIONS There will be a multiple-choice question that asks where certain information is found The answer choices will list possible locations for that information Example The passage: The words "capital" and "capitol" are confused in spelling and in meaning by a lot of people who try to use them Both their spellings and their meanings are quite closely related A "capital" is the location of the center of government, while a "capitol" is the actual building where the government officials meet Thus, in the United States, for example, the Capitol building is located in Washington, D.C., which is the capital city of the United States The question: Where in the passage does the author define the word "capital"? A Lines 1-2 B Lines 3-4 C Line D Line To answer this question, you should skim for the word capital and then look for its meaning A capital is the location of the center of government, and this definition is given in the third line Answer B is therefore the best answer to this question The following chart outlines the key information that you should remember when you are trying to determine where in the passage something is found: QUESTION ABOUT WHERE IN THE PASSAGE HOW TO Where in the passage…….? IDENTIFY THE QUESTION WHERE TO FIND The answer can be in any of the lines listed in the answer to THE ANSWER the question Choose a key word or idea in the question HOW TO Skim the appropriate past(s) of the passage looking for ANSWER THE the key word or idea QUESTION Choose the answer that contains the key word or idea In the second part, I collect some examples from “ The university and college practice exam 20012- 20013”- Department of Education and Training Examination- Subject : English – Group D so as that students can practice PRACTICE Passage Crows are probably the most frequently met and easily indentifiable members of the native fauna of the United States The great number of tales, legends, and myths about these bird indicates that people have been exceptionally interested in them for a long time On the other hand, when it comes to substantive-particular behavioral-information, crows are less well known than many comparably common species and for that matter, not a few quite uncommon ones: the endangered califonia condor, to cite one obvious example There are practical reasons for this Crows are notoriously poor and aggravating subjects for the field research Keen observers and quick learners, they are astute about the intentions of other creatures, including researchers, and adept at avoiding them, Because they are so numerous, active, and monochromatic, it is difficult to distinguish one crow from another Bands, radio transmitters, or other indentifying devices can be attached to them, but this of course requires catching live crows, who are among the wariest and most untrappable of birds Technical difficulties aside, crow research is daunting because the ways of these birds are so complex and various As preeminent generalists, members of this spieces ingenious exploit a great range of habitats and recources, and they can quickly adjust to changes in their circumstances Being so educable, individual birds have markedly different interested and inclinations, strategies and scams For the example, one pet crow learned how to let a dog out of its kennel by pulling the pin on the door When the dog escaped, the bird went into the kennel and ate its food 1.What is main topic of the passage? A the ways in which crow differ from other common birds B the myths and legends about crows C.the characteristics that make crows difficult to study D the existing methods for investigating cros behavior According to the first passage, what evidence is there that crows have interested people for a long time? A The large number of stories about crows B the frequency with which crows are sighted C the amount of research that has been conducted on crows D the ease with which crows are indentified In line 6, the author mentions the endanged CAlifonia condor as an example of a spieces that is A smaller than the crow C easily indentified B featured in legends D very rare 4.According to the second paragraph, crows are poor subjects for the field research for all of the following reasons EXCEPT A They can successfully avoid observers B.They are hard to distinguish from one other C They can be quite aggressive D They are difficult to catch In the second paragraphm the author implies that using radio trasmitters would allow a researcher who studies crows to A indentify individual crows B follow flocks of crows over long distaces C recorded the times when crows are most active D help crows that become sick or injured Passage2 Today we take electricity for granted and perhaps we not realize just how useful this discovery has been Steam was the first invention that replaced wind power It was used to drive engines and was passed through pipes and radiators to warm rooms Petrol mixed with air was the next invention that provided power Exploded in a cylinder, it drove a motor engine Beyond these simple and direct uses, those forms have not much adaptability On the other hand, we make use of electricity in thousands of ways From the powerful voltages that drive our electric trains to the tiny current needed to work a simple calculator, and from the huge electric magnet in steel works that can lift 10 tons to the tiny electric magnet in a doorbell, all are powered by electricity An electric current can be made with equal ease to heat a huge mass of molten (nóng chảy) metal in a furnace(lò nung), or to boil a jug (bình, lọ) for a cup of coffee Other than atomic energy, which has not as yet been harnessed (khai thác) to the full, electricity is the greatest power in the world It is flexible, and so adaptable for any task for which it is wanted It travels so easily and with incredible speed along wires or conductors that it can be supplied instantly over vast distances To generate electricity, huge turbines or generators must be turned In Australia they use coal or water to drive this machinery When dams are built, falling water is used to drive the turbines without polluting the atmosphere with smoke from coal Atomic power is used in several countries but there is always the fear of an accident A tragedy once occurred at Chernobyl, in Ukraine, at an atomic power plant used to make electricity The reactor leaked, which caused many deaths through radiation Now scientists are examining new ways of creating electricity without harmful effects to the environment They may harness the tides as they flow in and out of bays Most importantly, they hope to trap sunlight more efficiently We use solar heaters for swimming pools but as yet improvement in the capacity of the solar cells to create more current is necessary When this happens, electric cars will be viable and the world will rid itself of the toxic gases given off by trucks and cars that burn fossil fuels Question 1: The author mentions the sources of energy such as wind, steam, petrol in the first paragraph to A suggest that electricity should be alternated with safer sources of energy B emphasize the usefulness and adaptability of electricity C imply that electricity is not the only useful source of energy D discuss which source of energy can be a suitable alternative to electricity Question 2: Before electricity, what was sometimes passed through pipes to heat rooms? A Gas B Petrol C Steam D Hot wind Question 3: What does the author mean by saying that electricity is flexible? A It is cheap and easy to use B It is used to drive motor engines C It can be adapted to various uses D It can be made with ease Question 4: What we call machines that make electricity? A Voltages B Electric magnets C Generators or turbines D Pipes and radiators Question 5: The main forms of power used to generate electricity in Australia are A atomic power and water B water and coal C sunlight and wind power D wind and gas Question 6: The word "they" in the last paragraph refers to A harmful effects B the tides C scientists D new ways Question 7: Electric magnets are used in steel works to A lift heavy weights up to ten tons B test the steel for strength C heat the molten steel D boil a jug of water Question 8: The advantage of harnessing the power of the tides and of sunlight to generate electricity is that they A not pollute the environment B are more reliable C are more adaptable D not require attention Question 9: Which of the following power sources causes pollution by emitting harmful gases? A Sunlight B Petrol C Water D Wind 10 Question 10: The best title for this passage could be A “Types of Power Plants” B “Electricity: Harmful Effects on Our Life” C “How to Produce Electricity” D “Why Electricity Is So Remarkable” Passage If parents bring up a child with the sole aim of turning the child into a genius (thiên tài), they will cause a disaster According to several leading educational psychologists, this is one of the biggest mistakes which ambitious parents make Generally, the child will be only too aware of what his parents expect, and will fail Unrealistic parental expectations can cause great damage to children However, if parents are not too unrealistic about what they expect their children to do, but are ambitious in a sensible way, the child may succeed in doing very well – especially if the parents are very supportive of their child Michael Collins is very lucky He is crazy about music, and his parents help him a lot by taking him to concerts and arranging private piano and violin lessons for him They even drive him 50 kilometers twice a week for violin lessons Michael’s mother knows very little about music, but his father plays the trumpet in a large orchestra However, he never makes Michael enter music competitions if he is unwilling Winston Smith, Michael’s friend, however, is not so lucky Both his parents are successful musicians, and they set too high a standard for Winston They want their son to be as successful as they are and so they enter him for every piano competition held They are very unhappy when he does not win Winston is always afraid that he will disappoint his parents and now he always seems quiet and unhappy Question 1: One of the serious mistakes parents can make is to A push their child into trying too much B help their child to become a genius C make their child become a musician D neglect their child’s education Question 2: Parents’ ambition for their children is not wrong if they A force their children into achieving success B themselves have been very successful C understand and help their children sensibly D arrange private lessons for their children Question 3: Who have criticized the methods of some ambitious parents? A Successful musicians B Unrealistic parents C Their children D Educational psychologists Question 4: Michael Collins is fortunate in that A his father is a musician B his parents are quite rich C his mother knows little about music D his parents help him in a sensible way Question 5: The phrase "crazy about" in the passage mostly means A "surprised at" B "extremely interested in" C "completely unaware of" D "confused about" Question 6: Winston’s parents push their son so much and he A has won a lot of piano competitions B cannot learn much music from them C has become a good musician D is afraid to disappoint them Question 7: The word "They" in the passage refers to A concerts B violin lessons C parents in general D Michael’s parents Question 8: All of the following people are musical EXCEPT _ A Winston’s father B Winston’s mother C Michael’s father D Michael’s mother Question 9: The word "unwilling" in the passage mostly means A "getting ready to something" B "eager to something" C "not objecting to doing anything" D "not wanting to something" 11 Question 10: The two examples given in the passage illustrate the principle that A successful parents always have intelligent children B successful parents often have unsuccessful children C parents should let the child develop in the way he wants D parents should spend more money on the child’s education Passage Americas foods began to affect the rest of the world American emphasis on convenient and rapid consumption is best represented in fast foods such as hamburgers, French fries, and soft drinks By the 1960s and 1970s fast foods became one of Americas strongest exports as franchises for Mc Donalds and Burger King spread through Europe and other parts of the world, including Russia and China Traditional meals cooked at home and consumed at a leisurely pace _ gave way to quick lunches and dinners eaten on the run as other countries imitated American cultural patterns By the late 20th century Americans had become more conscious of their diets, eating more poultry, fish and vegetables, and fewer eggs and less beef Cooks began to rediscover many world cuisines in forms closer to their original In California, chefs combined fresh fruits and vegetables available with ingredients and spices borrowed from immigrant kitchens to create an innovative cooking style that was lighter than traditional French, but more interesting and varied than typical American cuisine Along with the states wines, California cuisine took its place among the acknowledged forms of fine dining Fast foods such as hamburgers, French fries, and soft drinks ……… A are traditional meals of the US people B are popular because of their nutritious values C became more popular than meals cooked at home in China D became popular with other European and Asian countries Which of the following is similar in meaning to the word cuisine? A cooking B style of cooking C cookery D cook What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A Americas cuisine used to have an influence on many countries B Fast foods became one of Americas strongest exports C Mc Donalds and Burger King are American food suppliers successful in Europe D Traditional meals cooked at home and consumed at a leisurely pace are not common in the US Which of the following statements is true? A By the late 20th century, fast foods had lost their popularity in the USA B Americans used to eat more poultry, fish, and fresh fruits and vegetables than they now C Cooking styles of other countries began to affect Americas by the late 20th century D Fewer eggs and less beef in American diet made them fitter An innovative style of cooking was created in California ……… A to attract more immigrants to the state B and made the states wines well-known C by borrowing recipes from immigrant kitchens D by combining the local specialities with immigrants spices Passage Today the most universally known style of trousers for both men and women is jeans; these trousers are worn throughout the world on a variety of occasions Also called levis or denims, jeans have an interesting story 12 The word jeans is derived from the name of the place where a similar style of pants developed In the 16th century, sailors from Genoa, Italy, wore a unique tyle of cotton trousers In French, the word for the city of Genoa and for the people from that city is Genes, this name became attached to the trousers and developed into the word jeans Similar to the word jeans, the word denim is also derived from a place name In the 17th century, French sailors began making trousers out of a specialized type of cloth that was developed in the city of Nimes, France and was known serge de Nimes This name eventually developed into denim, the material which jeans are made and an alternative name for these popular pants The word levis came from a person In the 19 th century, Levis Strauss tried to sell heavy canvas to miners taking part in the hunt for gold in northern California He intended for this canvas to be used by miners to make heavy-duty tents This first attemp was a failure but he later found success when he used the canvas to make indestructible pants for the miners He changed the fabric from brown canvas to blue denim, creating a style of pants that long outlived him and is now referred to by his name All of the following are mentioned in the passage about Genoa except that it ……… A was the source of the word jeans B is in Italy C has a different name in French D is a landlocked city The word denim was most probably derived from …… A French words B Italian words C French word and Italian word D French words All of the following are mentioned in the passage about Levis Strauss except that he …… A failed to sell heavy canvas to miners to make tents B dyed the cloth from brown to blue C made his success in creating a new style of trousers D was an immigrant to America To develop the pants for which he became famous, Levis did which of the following? A He studied tailoring in Nimes B He used an existing type of material C He experimented with brown denim D He tested the pants for destructibility This passage is developed by……… A mentioning an effect and its causes B explaining history with specific cases C demonstrating the sides of an issue D developing the biography of a famous person Passage For more than six million American children, coming home after school means coming back to an empty house Some deal with the situation by watching TV Some may hide But all of them have something in common They spend part of each day alone They are called “latchkey children” They are children who look after themselves while their parents work And their bad condition has become a subject of concern Lynette Long was once the principal of an elementary school She said, “We had a school rule against wearing jewelry A lot of kids had chains around their necks with keys attached I was constantly telling them to put the keys inside shirts There were so many keys; it never came to my mind what they meant.” Slowly, she learned that they were house keys She and her husband began talking to the children who had keys They learned of the effect working couples and single parents were having on their children Fear was the biggest problem faced by children at home alone One in three latchkey children the Longs talked to reported being frightened Many had nightmares and were worried about their own safety The most common way 13 latchkey children deal with their fears is by hiding They may hide in a shower stall, under a bed or in a closet The second is TV They often turn the volume up It’s hard to get statistics on latchkey children, the Longs have learned Most parents are slow to admit that they leave their children alone Question 1: The phrase “an empty house” in the passage mostly means A a house with no people inside B a house with no furniture C a house with nothing inside D a house with too much space Question 2: One thing that the children in the passage share is that A they all watch TV B they spend part of each day alone C they are from single-parent families D they all wear jewelry Question 3: The phrase “latchkey children” in the passage means children who A close doors with keys and watch TV by themselves B like to carry latches and keys with them everywhere C are locked inside houses with latches and keys D look after themselves while their parents are not at home Question 4: The main problem of latchkey children is that they A are also found in middle-class families B watch too much television during the day C suffer a lot from being left alone D are growing in numbers Question 5: What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A How kids spend free time B Why kids hate going home C Bad condition of latchkey children D Children’s activities at home Question 6: Why did a lot of kids have chains around their necks with keys attached? A They had to use the keys to open school doors B Schools didn’t allow them to wear jewelry, so they wore keys instead C They were fully grown and had become independent D They would use the keys to enter their houses when they came home Question 7: What latchkey children suffer most from when they are at home alone? A Fear B Tiredness C Boredom D Loneliness Question 8: Lynette Long learned of latchkey children’s problems by A visiting their homes B delivering questionnaires C interviewing their parents D talking to them Question 9: What is the most common way for latchkey children to deal with fears? A Hiding somewhere B Talking to the Longs C Having a shower D Lying under a TV Question 10: It’s difficult to find out the number of latchkey children because A most parents are reluctant to admit that they leave their children alone B they not give information about themselves for safety reasons C they hide themselves in shower stalls or under beds D there are too many of them in the whole country Passage It is commonly believed that school is where people go to get an education Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school The difference between schooling and education implied by this remark is important Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling Education knows no limits It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or on the job, whether in the kitchen or on a tractor It includes both the formal learning that takes place in school and the whole universe of informal learning The agent (doer) of education can vary from respected 14 grandparents to the people arguing about politics on the radio, from a child to a famous scientist Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions People receive education from infancy on Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term; it is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be a necessary part of one’s entire life Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next Throughout a country, children arrive at school at about the same time, take the assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, homework, take exams, and so on The pieces of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the workings of governments, have been limited by the subjects being taught For example, high school students know that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their society or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with There are clear and undoubted conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling Question 1: This passage is mainly aimed at A giving examples of different schools B telling the difference between the meaning of two related words C listing and discussing several educational problems D telling a story about excellent teachers Question 2: In the passage, the expression “children interrupt their education to go to school” mostly implies that A education is totally ruined by schooling B all of life is an education C schooling takes place everywhere D schooling prevents people discovering things Question 3: The word “all-inclusive” in the passage mostly means A going in many directions B involving many school subjects C allowing no exceptions D including everything or everyone Question 4: According to the passage, the doers of education are A mostly famous scientists B mainly politicians C only respected grandparents D almost all people Question 5: What does the writer mean by saying “education quite often produces surprises”? A Educators often produce surprises B It’s surprising that we know little about other religions C Success of informal learning is predictable D Informal learning often brings about unexpected results Question 6: Which of the following would the writer support? A Without formal education, people won’t be able to read and write B Schooling is of no use because students similar things every day C Our education system needs to be changed as soon as possible D Going to school is only part of how people become educated Question 7: The word "they" in the last paragraph refers to A workings of governments B political problems C newest filmmakers D high school students Question 8: Because the general pattern of schooling varies little from one setting to the next, school children throughout the country A similar things B have the same abilities C are taught by the same teachers D have similar study conditions Question 9: From the passage, we can infer that a high school teacher A is free to choose anything to teach B is not allowed to teach political issues 15 C has to teach social issues to all classes D is bound to teach programmed subjects Question 10: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A The more years students go to school, the better their education is B The best schools teach a variety of subjects C Education and schooling are quite different experience D Students benefit from schools, which require long hours and homework Passage The ocean bottom- a region nearly 2.5 times greater than total land area of the Earthis a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted Until about a century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible, hidden beneath waters averaging over 3,6000 meters deep Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth's surface, deep-ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans, in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space Although researchers have taken samples of deep-ocean rocks and sediments for over a century, the first detailed global investigation of the ocean bottom did not actually start until 1968, with the beginning of the National Science Foundation's Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Using techniques first developed for the offshore oil- gas industry, the Dad's drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean's surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor The Glomar Challenger completed 96 voyages in a 15 -year research program that ended in November 1983 During this time, the vessel logged 600,000 kilometers and took almost 20,000 core samples of seabed sediments and rocks at 624 drilling sites around the world The Glomar Challenger's core samples have allowed geologists to reconstruct what the planet looked like hundreds of millions of years ago and to calculate what problem will look like millions of years in the future Today, largely on the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Challenger's voyages, nearly all earth scientists agree on the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift that explain many of the geological processes that shape the Earth The cores of sediment drilled by the Glomar Challenger have also yielded information critical to understanding the world's past climates Deep-ocean sediments provide a climatic record stretching back hundreds of millions of years, because they are largely isolated from the mechanical erosion and the intense chemical and biological activity that rapidly destroy much land-based evidence of past climates This record has already provided insights into the patterns and causes of past climatic change-information that may be used to predict future climates Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as being a result of the Deep Sea Drilling Project? A Geologists were able to determine the Earth's appearance hundreds of millions of years ago B Two geological theories became more widely accepted by scientists C Information was revealed about the Earth's past climatic changes D Geologists observed forms of marine life never before seen The author mentions “outer space” in the first paragraph because A rock formations in outer space are similar to those found on the ocean floor B the Earth's climate millions of years ago was similar to condition in outer space C techniques used by scientists to explore outer space were similar to those used in ocean exploration D it is similar to the ocean floor in being alien to the human environment 16 The Deep Sea Drilling Project was significant because it was A composed of geologists from all over the world B funded entirely by the gas and oil industry C attempt to find new sources of oil and gas D the first extensive exploration of the ocean bottom The DSDP can be said to be in terms of geological exploration A a waste of time and effort B of crucial importance C a great success D a total flop The word "inaccessible" underlined in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to _ A unusable B unrecognizable C unreachable D unsafe The word "strength" underlined in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to A discovery B basis C endurance D purpose Which of the following is TRUE of the Glomar Challenger ? A It is a type of submarine B It has gone on over 100 voyages C It made its first DSDP voyage in 1968 D It is an ongoing project The word "they" underlined in the last paragraph refers to A sediments B cores C years D climates The word "extracting" underlined in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to A analyzing B breaking C removing D locating 10 The author refers to the ocean bottom as a "frontier" because it _ A is not a popular area for scientific research B attracts courageous explorers C is an unknown territory D contains a wide variety of life forms Passage A recent survey of crime statistics shows that we are all more likely to be burgled now than 20 years ago and the police advise everyone to take a few simple precautions to protect their homes The first fact is that burglars and other intruders prefer easy opportunities, like a house which is very obviously empty This is much less of a challenge than an occupied house, and one which is well-protected A burglar will wonder if it is worth the bother There are some general tips on how to avoid your home becoming another crime statistic Avoid leaving signs that your house is empty When you have to go out, leave at least one light on as well as a radio or television, and not leave any curtains wide open The sight of your latest music centre or computer is enough to tempt any burglar Never leave a spare key in a convenient hiding place The first place a burglar will look is under the doormat or in a flower pot and even somewhere more 'imaginative' could soon be uncovered by the intruder It is much safer to leave a key with a neighbour you can trust But if your house is in a quiet, desolate area be aware that this will be a burglar's dream, so deter any potential criminal from approaching your house by fitting security lights to the outside of your house But what could happen if, in spite of the aforementioned precautions, a burglar or intruder has decided to target your home Windows are usually the first point of entry for many intruders Downstairs windows provide easy access while upstairs windows can be reached with a ladder or by climbing up the drainpipe Before going to bed you should double-check that all windows and shutters are locked No matter how small your windows may be, it is surprising what a narrow gap a determined burglar can manage to get through For extra security, fit window locks to the inside of the window What about entry via doors? Your back door and patio doors, which are easily forced open, should have top quality security locks fitted Even though this is expensive it will be 17 money well spent Install a burglar alarm if you can afford it as another line of defence against intruders A sobering fact is that not all intruders have to break and enter into a property Why go to the trouble of breaking in if you can just knock and be invited in? Beware of bogus officials or workmen and, particularly if you are elderly, fit a chain and an eye hole so you can scrutinise callers at your leisure When you have callers never let anybody into your home unless you are absolutely sure they are genuine Ask to see an identity card, for example If you are in the frightening position of waking in the middle of the night and think you can hear an intruder, then on no account should you approach the intruder It is far better to telephone the police and wait for help A well-protected house A is very unlikely to be burgled B is a lot of bother to maintain C is less likely to be burgled D is regarded as a challenge by most criminals According to the writer, we should A give the impression that our house is occupied when we go out B avoid leaving our house empty C only go out when we have to D always keep the curtains closed The writer thinks that hiding a key under a doormat or flower pot A is useful B is imaginative C is predictable D is where you always find a spare key What word best replaces "desolate" in paragraph 4? A depressing B populous C dissatisfying D isolated The phrase 'aforementioned precautions' refers to steps that A will tell a burglar if your house is empty or not B will not stop an intruder if he has decided to try and enter your home C are the most important precautions to take to make your home safe D will stop a potential burglar Gaining entry to a house through a small window A is not as difficult as people think B is surprisingly difficult C is less likely to happen than gaining entry through a door D is tried only by very determined burglars According to the writer, window locks, security locks and burglar alarms A are absolutely essential items B are luxury items C cost a lot of money but are worth it D are good value for money The writer argues that fitting a chain and an eye hole A gives you time to check if the visitor is genuine B will prevent your home being burgled C avoids you having to invite people into your home D is only necessary for elderly people What word best replaces "scrutinise" underlined in paragraph 7? A gaze B search C examine D glance 10 The best title for the text is A What to if a burglar breaks into your home B Protecting your home from intruders C Burglary statistics D Increasing household crime Passage 10 The response of most animals when suddenly faced with a predator is to flee Natural selection has acted in a variety of ways in different species to enhance the efficacy of the 18 behaviours, known as "flight behaviours" or escape behaviours that are used by prey in fleeing predators Perhaps the most direct adaptation is enhanced light speed and agility Adaptations for speed, however, are likely to require sacrifices biter attributes, so we might expect only some species to adopt a simple fast flight strategy Another way of enhancing the effectiveness of flight is to move in an erratic and unpredictable way Many species, like ptarmigans, snipes, and various antelopes and gazelles, flee from predators in a characteristic zigzag fashion Rapid unexpected changes in flight direction make it difficult for a predator to track prey In some species, like the European hare, erratic zigzag flight might be more effective in the presence of predators that are faster than they are and straight light more effective against predators that are slower One observation that supports this suggestion is the recorded tendency for slow-flying black-beaded gulls, which are normally able to escape predators by means of direct flight, to show frequent changes in flight direction when they spot a peregrine falcon (peregrines are adept at capturing flying birds) A quite different way of enhancing escape by flight is to use so-called "flash" behaviour Here, the alarmed prey flees for a short distance and then "freezes." Some predators are unexcited by immobile prey, and a startling flash of activity followed by immobility may confuse them "Flash" behaviour is used in particular by frogs and orthopteran insects, which make conspicuous jumps and then sit immobile In some species, "flash" behaviour is enhanced by the display of bright body markings Good examples of insects with colourful markings are the red and yellow underwing moths At rest, both species are a cryptic brown color When they fly, however, brightly coloured hind wings are exposed, which render the moths highly conspicuous Similarly, some frogs and lizards have brightly coloured patches or frills that may serve a 'flash" function when they move quickly Some species even appear to possess "flash" sounds The loud buzzing and clicking noises made by some grasshoppers when they jump may serve to emphasize the movement The word "enhance" is closest in meaning to A encourage B resist C increase D reveal The description of the prey's movement as "zigzag" suggests that the movement is A reliable B fast C constant D unpredictable It can be inferred from the passage that the European hare A is faster than most of its predators B is capable of two kinds of flight C is more likely to escape using straight flight D is preyed upon by gulls and falcons The behaviour of black-beaded gulls is most comparable to that of A gazelles B European hares C peregrine falcons D frogs It can be inferred that black-beaded gulls change direction when they spot a peregrine falcon for which of the following reasons? A The falcons are faster than the gulls B The gulls want to capture the falcons C The falcons are unpredictable D The gulls depend on the falcons for protection The word "alarmed" is closest in meaning to A moving B selected C frightened D exhausted All of the followings are mentioned as characteristics of "flash" behaviour EXCEPT A brief conspicuous activity B immobility C bright body markings D aggressive fighting The phrase "in particular" is closest in meaning to 19 A especially B with difficulty C expertly D frequently The hind wings of red and yellow underwing moths function in a way that is most similar to A the hind wings of peregrine falcons B the zigzag flight of European hares C the colored patches on frogs D the clicking of grasshoppers 10 Why does the author mention "grasshopper" in the last line? A To contrast animals that "flash" with animals that "freeze" B As an example of an animal whose "flash" behaviour is a sound C To compare the jumping behaviour of insects and reptiles D As an example of a predator that moths escape by using "flash" behavior KEYS Passage 1- C 2- A 3- D 4- C 5- A Passage 1- B 6- B 2- C 7- A 3- C 8- A 4- C 9- B 5- B 10- D Passage 1- A 6- D 2- C 7- D 3- D 8- D 4- D 9- D 5- B 10- C Passage 1- D 2- B 3- A 4- D 5- D 20 Passage 1- D 2- A 3- D 4- B 5- B Passage 1- A 6- D 2- B 7- A 3- B 8- D 4- D 9- A 5- C 10- A Passage 1- B 6- D 2- B 7- D 3- D 8- A 4- D 9- D 5- D 10- C Passage 1-A 6-C 2-B 7-C 3-A 8-A 4-B 9-C 5-C 10-B Passage 1-C 6-A 2-A 7-C 3-C 8-A 4-D 9-C 5-B 10-B Passage 10 1-C 6-C 2-D 7-D 3-B 8-A 4-B 9-C 5-A 10-B 21 [...]... father B Winston’s mother C Michael’s father D Michael’s mother Question 9: The word "unwilling" in the passage mostly means A "getting ready to do something" B "eager to do something" C "not objecting to doing anything" D "not wanting to do something" 11 Question 10: The two examples given in the passage illustrate the principle that A successful parents always have intelligent children B successful...Question 10: The best title for this passage could be A “Types of Power Plants” B “Electricity: Harmful Effects on Our Life” C “How to Produce Electricity” D “Why Electricity Is So Remarkable” Passage 3 If parents bring up a child with the sole aim of turning the child into a genius (thi n tài), they will cause a disaster According to several leading educational psychologists, this is one of the biggest... for the people from that city is Genes, this name became attached to the trousers and developed into the word jeans Similar to the word jeans, the word denim is also derived from a place name In the 17th century, French sailors began making trousers out of a specialized type of cloth that was developed in the city of Nimes, France and was known serge de Nimes This name eventually developed into denim,... word levis came from a person In the 19 th century, Levis Strauss tried to sell heavy canvas to miners taking part in the hunt for gold in northern California He intended for this canvas to be used by miners to make heavy-duty tents This first attemp was a failure but he later found success when he used the canvas to make indestructible pants for the miners He changed the fabric from brown canvas to blue... 5 This passage is developed by……… A mentioning an effect and its causes B explaining history with 3 specific cases C demonstrating the sides of an issue D developing the biography of a famous person Passage 6 For more than six million American children, coming home after school means coming back to an empty house Some deal with the situation by watching TV Some may hide But all of them have something... leave their children alone Question 1: The phrase “an empty house” in the passage mostly means A a house with no people inside B a house with no furniture C a house with nothing inside D a house with too much space Question 2: One thing that the children in the passage share is that A they all watch TV B they spend part of each day alone C they are from single-parent families D they all wear jewelry... schooling B all of life is an education C schooling takes place everywhere D schooling prevents people discovering things Question 3: The word “all-inclusive” in the passage mostly means A going in many directions B involving many school subjects C allowing no exceptions D including everything or everyone Question 4: According to the passage, the doers of education are A mostly famous scientists... schooling varies little from one setting to the next, school children throughout the country A do similar things B have the same abilities C are taught by the same teachers D have similar study conditions Question 9: From the passage, we can infer that a high school teacher A is free to choose anything to teach B is not allowed to teach political issues 15 C has to teach social issues to all classes... that school is where people go to get an education Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school The difference between schooling and education implied by this remark is important Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling Education knows no limits It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or on the job, whether in the kitchen... truth about political problems in their society or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with There are clear and undoubted conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling Question 1: This passage is mainly aimed at A giving examples of different schools B telling the difference between the meaning of two related words C listing and discussing several educational problems D telling ...CHUYÊN ĐỀ BỒI DƯỠNG ÔN THI ĐẠI HỌC HƯỚNG DẪN HỌC SINH LÀM PHẦN ĐỌC HIỂU TRONG ĐỀ THI TUYỂN SINH ĐẠI HỌC GIÁO VIÊN: TRẦN THỊ HOA MÔN: TIẾNG ANH TRƯỜNG THPT XUÂN HÒA ĐỐI... the passage mostly means A "getting ready to something" B "eager to something" C "not objecting to doing anything" D "not wanting to something" 11 Question 10: The two examples given in the... To answer this question, you should skim for the word capital and then look for its meaning A capital is the location of the center of government, and this definition is given in the third line