SỞ GIÁO DỤC & ĐÀO TẠO VĨNH PHÚC TRƯỜNG THPT HỒ XUÂN HƯƠNG CHUYÊN ĐỀ CÂU GIÁN TIẾP Tác giả: Phùng Thị Thu Tổ : Hóa- Sinh- Anh- TD-KTNN Đối tượng bồi dưỡng: lớp 10 Dự kiến số tiết bồi dưỡng: 8 Kiến thức: Dùng cho ôn thi Đại học, cao đẳng. Dạng bài tập : Trắc nghiệm khách quan và tự luận. Vĩnh Tường, 2014 A. GIỚI THIỆU (INTRODUCTION) I. Lí do chọn đề tài Như chúng ta đã biết, lời nói trực tiếp, lời nói gián tiếp đóng một phần rất quan trọng trong chương trình tiếng Anh trung học phổ thông nên phần kiến thức này hầu như không thể thiếu trong các đề thi như đề thi học sinh giỏi, đề thi tốt nghiệp THPT và đề thi đại học- cao đẳng. Tuy nhiên, qua những năm giảng dạy bộ môn tiếng Anh, tôi nhận thấy học sinh thường vẫn gặp khó khăn trong việc biến đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp. Các em thường phàn nàn rằng phần lời nói gián tiếp gồm nhiều mảng, nhiều mẫu câu và phải thực hiện những bước biến đổi phức tạp. Chính vì lí do đó, tôi nghĩ cần thiết để có một chuyên đề về lời nói gián tiếp bao gồm phần hệ thống kiến thức và bài tập thực hành từ cơ bản đến nâng cao giúp học sinh có thể nắm được các dạng, các mẫu câu dễ dàng hơn, từ đó có thể áp dụng vào làm bài tập trong các đề thi. Sau khi hệ thống kiến thức, tôi cũng mạnh dạn đưa ra một số các sơ đồ tư duy tóm tắt lại phần kiến thức về lời nói gián tiếp vì tôi nghĩ sơ đồ tư duy vừa dễ nhìn, dễ viết lại mang tính tổng hợp, vì vậy kích thích hứng thú học tập và giúp học sinh dễ nhớ hơn. II. Đối tượng Chuyên đề này tôi sẽ dạy cho học sinh lớp 10 vì trong chương trình ngữ pháp của tiếng Anh 10 đã có phần kiến thức này và cũng là để tạo tiền đề cho các em học chương trình lớp 11 và 12 một cách logic và thuận lợi hơn. B. NỘI DUNG I. Định nghĩa: 1. Direct speech (Lời nói trực tiếp) Lời nói trực tiếp là sự nhắc lại chính xác những từ của người nói. Lời nói trực tiếp thường được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép và sau đông từ chính có dầu phẩy (,) hoặc dấu hai chấm (:). Examples: • Minh said, “I am a good student.” • “I will go to his party”, she said. 2. Reported speech or Indirect speech (Lời nói gián tiếp) Lời nói gián tiếp là tường thuật lại ý của người nói, đôi khi không phải dùng đúng những từ của người nói. Lời nói gián tiếp không đặt trong trong dấu ngoặc kép.  Examples: • Minh said (that) he was a good student. • She said (that) she would go to his party. II. Những thay đổi khi chuyển từ lời trực tiếp sang gián tiếp 1. Thay đổi về đại từ nhân xưng, đại từ sở hữu, tính từ sở hữu:  Đại từ nhân xưng Chủ ngữ Trực tiếp I We You Gián tiếp He, she They They/ he/ she/ I Tân ngữ Trực tiếp Me Us You gián tiếp Him/ her Them Them/ him/ her Trực tiếp My Our Your Gián tiếp His/ her Their Their/ his/her/ my Tính từ sở hữu Đại từ sở hữu Trực tiếp Mine Ours Yours Gián tiếp Him/ hers Theirs Theirs/ his/ hers 2. Thay đổi về thì và các động từ tình thái: (tenses and modal verbs) Direct speech Reported speech 1. Present Simple: V1 1. Past Simple: V2/ed Ex1: Nam said “I am told to be at EX1: Nam said (that) he was told to be at school before 7 o’clock” school before 7 o’clock. Ex2: He said “ I like beer” Ex2: He said (that) He liked beer 2. Present Progressive: 2. Past Progressive:was/were+Ving am/is/are+Ving Ex: He said (that) he was watching TV Ex: He said “I’m watching TV” 3. Past Perfect: had + V3/ed 3. Present Perfect: has/have + V3/ed Ex: He said (that) I had just bought a new book Ex: He said “ I have just bought a new book” 4. Past Perfect: had + V3/ed Ex: They said (that) they had come by car 4. Past Simple: V2/ed Ex: They said “ We came by car ” 5. was/were+V-ing or Past Perfect progressive 5. Past Progressive: was/were + V-ing Ex:-He said ( that ) he was sitting in the park at Ex: He said “I was sitting in the park at 8 o’clock” 8 o’clock” - He said ( that )he had been sitting in the park at 8 o’clock” 6. Past Perfect: had + V3/ed 6. Past Perfect: had + V3/ed Ex: She said “ My money had run out” Ex: She said ( that) her money had run out 7. Future Simple: will +V without to 7. would + V without to ( Vo) (V0) Ex: Lan said ( that) she would phone me Ex: Lan said “I’ll phone you” 8. could 8. can Ex : He said ( that) we could sit there Ex: He said “ you can sit here” 9. might 9. may Ex: Mary said ( that) she might go to Hanoi Ex: Mary said “I may go to Ha noi again again” 10. must/ had to 10. must Ex: He said ( that)he had to finish that report Ex: He said “I must finish this report” * Chú ý: Một số trường hợp không đổi thì của động từ trong câu gián tiếp: - Nếu động từ ở mệnh đề giới thiệu được dùng ở thì hiện tại đơn, hiện tại tiếp diễn, hiện tại hoàn thành hoặc tương lai đơn, thì của động từ trong câu gián tiếp vẫn không thay đổi Eg: He says/ he is saying/ he has said/ he will say, “the text is difficult”. → He says/ is saying/ has said/ will say (that) the text is difficult. - Khi câu nói trực tiếp thể hiện một chân lý hoặc một hành động lặp lại thường xuyên, thì của động từ trong câu gián tiếp vẫn không thay đổi Eg: My teacher said “The sun rises in the East” → My teacher said (that) the sun rises in the East. He said, ‘My father always drinks coffee after dinner’ → He said (that) his father always drinks coffee after dinner - Câu trực tiếp có dạng câu điều kiện loại 2 hoặc loại 3:Giữ nguyên thi không thay đổi. Eg: She said, “If I had enough money, I would buy a new bicycle.” → She said (that) if she had enough money, she would buy a new bicycle. Eg: The teacher said, “If John had studied harder, he wouldn’t have failed his exam.” → The teacher said (that) if John had studied harder, he wouldn’t have failed his exam. Tuy nhiên nếu lời nói trực tiếp là câu điều hiện loại 1 thì được chuyển sang loại 2 ở lời nói gián tiếp Eg: The advertisement said; “If you answer the questions correctly, you may win one million dollar” → The advertisement said that I might win one million dollar If I answered the questions correctly. - Không thay đổi thì của: Could, would, might, should Ought, had better, need trong câu nói gián tiếp Nhưng must -> had to/ must Eg: She said; “I could do the homework → She said the she could do the homework - Động từ trong câu nói trực tiếp có thời gian xác định: Eg: He said, “I was born in 1980” → he said that he was born in 1980. 3. Thay đổi về các từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn: (Changes in time and place words/ Now and here Words.) Direct speech Reported speech This evening That evening Today That day Tonight That night Now Then, immediately, at that time, at once. Yesterday The day before, the previous day Tomorrow The following day/ the next day/ the day after / a day later Tomorrow morning The following morning / the next morning These days Those days Ago Before Two days ago Two days before. Next week The following week/ the next week/ the week after/ a week later. Last week The previous week/ the week before Last night The previous night/ the night before Here There * Lưu ý: − Ngoài những thay đổi về thì, trạng từ chỉ thời gian còn có những thay đổi về đại từ xưng hô (personal pronouns), về dấu câu, … − This đi trước một từ chỉ thời gian như morning, week, month, … thì được đổi thành that.  Examples: + He said, “I am going shopping this morning.” (direct speech) → He said that he was going shopping that morning. (reported speech) − This, That (determiner) đi trước từ chỉ người và sự vật thì được đổi thành The.  Example: + Mai said, “I like this book.” (direct speech) → Mai said that she liked the book. (reported speech) − This, That là đại từ thì được đổi thành it.  Example: + Mai said, “I like this.” (direct speech) → Mai said that she liked it. (reported speech) III. Các loại câu tường thuật: 1. Tường thuật lại một lời trực tiếp xác định hoặc phủ định: (Statements). a. Công thức chung: said S+ said to +O + told (O) (that) + S + V (lùi thì) b. Ví dụ: (Language focus Unit 8/ p.89 – English 10) + “I am going to Ho Chi Minh city soon.” (direct speech) → She said (that) she was going to Ho Chi Minh city soon. (reported speech) + “I can’t help you because I have too much to do.” (direct speech) → She said to me (that) she can’t help me because she had too much to do. (reported speech) c. Các bước làm:  Dùng động từ said (that) để tường thuật. Nếu có đối tượng tiếp nhận việc tường thuật lại sự việc, ta dùng said to hoặc told để tường thuật.  Thực hiện đổi ngôi của chủ ngữ, tân ngữ và tính từ sở hữu nếu có  Đưa động từ ở câu trực tiếp lùi về một thì.  Thay đổi trạng ngữ d. Bài tập tự luyện: Change this direct speech into reported speech: 1. “He works in a bank” She said ___________________________________________________________ 2. “We went out last night” She told me ________________________________________________________ 3. “I’m coming!” She said ___________________________________________________________ 4. “I was waiting for the bus when he arrived” She told me ________________________________________________________ 5. “ I’d never been there before” She said ___________________________________________________________ 6. “I didn’t go to the party” She told me ________________________________________________________ 7. “Lucy’ll come later” She said ___________________________________________________________ 8. “He hasn’t eaten breakfast” She told me ________________________________________________________ 9. “I can help you tomorrow” She said ___________________________________________________________ 10. “You should go to bed early” She told me ________________________________________________________ 11. “I don’t like chocolate” She told me ________________________________________________________ 12. “I won’t see you tomorrow” She said ___________________________________________________________ 13. “She’s living in Paris for a few months” She said ___________________________________________________________ 14. “I visited my parents at the weekend” She told me ________________________________________________________ 15. “She hasn’t eaten sushi before” She said ___________________________________________________________ 16. “I hadn’t travelled by underground before I came to London” She said ___________________________________________________________ 17. “They would help if they could” She said ___________________________________________________________ 18. “I’ll do the washing-up later” She told me ________________________________________________________ 2. Tường thuật một câu hỏi  Yes/ No questions: Câu hỏi Yes/No thường bắt đầu bằng các trợ động từ như: Do, Does, Did, Can, Could, Is, Am, Are, Will, Has, Have, Was, Were a. Công thức chung: (câu trực tiếp) S + asked / said “ Aux + S + ……….. ? ” (câu gián tiếp) S + ASKED + (O) + IF/ WHETHER + S + V (lùi thì) Ngoài động từ asked (sb), ta có thể dùng một số động từ khác để tường thuật như: wondered, wanted to know, required, … b.Ví dụ - “Did he arrive on time?” She asked me if he had arrived on time. - “Have you been to Paris?” She asked me if I had been to Paris. - “Are you working tonight?” She asked me if I was working that night. c. Các bước thực hiện:  Dùng động từ asked (sb) để tường thuật.  Mở đầu nội dung được tường thuật bằng If hoặc Whether.  Đảo trợ động từ ra sau chủ ngữ. Nếu trợ động từ là do, does hoặc did thì ta bỏ đi nhưng phải nhớ lùi thì cho động từ chính và cuối câu không dùng dấu hỏi.  Thực hiện đổi ngôi của chủ ngữ, tân ngữ và tính từ sở hữu nếu có.  Biến đổi trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian, trang ngữ chỉ nơi chốn. d. Bài tập tự luyện 1. She asked; “Are you wearing your over coat, Ann?” 2. She asked us; “Are you angry?” 3. She asked; “Do you always go to church on Sundays?” 4. My aunt said; “Is a return ticket cheaper than two singles?” 5. The boss asked; “Are you a student?” 6. She said to me; “Did they tell you when they left?” 7. The teacher told boys; “Are you writing your name on the paper?” 8. My boyfriend asked me; “Can you say your name on the paper?” 9. Mr. Green told Lan; “Do you write the report for me?” 10. Ann said to her; “Will you do your homework tonight?”  Wh-questions: Câu hỏi W/h thường bắt đầu bằng các từ như: what, why, when, who, which, where, whose, how (much/many/often/old…) a. Công thức chung: (câu trực tiếp) S + asked / said “ Wh – word + Aux + S + .. ? ” (câu trực tiếp) S + ASKED + (O) + Wh – Question word + S + V (lùi thì) − Ngoài động từ asked (sb), ta có thể dùng một số động từ khác để tường thuật như: wondered, wanted to know, required, … b. Ví dụ − “What are you doing now?”, she said. She asked me what I was doing then. − “When did you come back home?” She asked me when I had come back home. c. Các bước thực hiện  Dùng động từ asked (sb) để tường thuật.  Mở đầu nội dung được tường thuật bằng một nghi vấn từ trong câu hỏi trực tiếp.  Đảo trợ động từ ra sau chủ ngữ. Nếu trợ động từ là do, does, hoặc did thì ta bỏ đi nhưng phải lùi thì cho động từ chính và cuối câu không dùng dấu hỏi nữa.  Thực hiện đổi ngôi của chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, tính từ sở hữu nếu có.  Thực hiện biến đổi trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian, trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn d. Bài tập tự luyện 1. “Where is he?” She asked me ______________________________________________________ 2. “What are you doing?” She asked me ______________________________________________________ 3. “Why did you go out last night?” She asked me ______________________________________________________ 4. “Who was that beautiful woman?” She asked me ______________________________________________________ 5. “How is your mother?” She asked me ______________________________________________________ 6. “What are you going to do at the weekend?” She asked me ______________________________________________________ 7. “Where will you live after graduation?” She asked me ______________________________________________________ 8. “What were you doing when I saw you?” She asked me ______________________________________________________ 9. “How was the journey?” She asked me ______________________________________________________ 10. “How often do you go to the cinema?” She asked me ______________________________________________________ 3. Tường thuật lại một câu cầu khiến (indirect commands, requests) a. Các hình thức biểu hiện của câu cầu khiến: - “Can you wait a moment, please?” he said. - “Could you tell me the way to the post office?” She said. - “Will you help me with my homework?” said Peter. - “Woud you like to join our Drama Group?” she said. - “Please turn on the lights?” said Lan. - “Would you mind cleaning the blackboard?” he said. - “I wonder if you can type this letter for me?” she said. - “Do you think you could help me?” she said. b. Công thức chung: S + asked/ told + O + to/ not to – infinitive. c. Ví dụ: - “Eat your dinner!” She told me to eat my dinner. - “Don’t make a mess!” She asked me not to make a mess. d. Các bước thực hiện:  Dùng động từ asked/ told (sb) để tường thuật.  Đưa động từ chính trong câu trực tiếp về hình thức “to-inf” nếu yêu cầu đó mang nghĩa khẳng định hoặc “not to-inf” nếu yêu cầu đó mang nghĩa phủ định.  Nếu trong câu yêu cầu/ đề nghị trực tiếp có chữ “Please” thì ta bỏ đi.  Thực hiện các thay đổi có liên quan( đổi ngôi, thay đổi trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn. e. Bài tập tự luyện 1. “Please help me carry this” She asked me ______________________________________________________ 2. “Please come early” She ______________________________________________________________ 3. “Please buy some milk” She ______________________________________________________________ 4. “Could you please open the window?” She ______________________________________________________________ 5. “Could you bring the book tonight?” She ______________________________________________________________ 6. “Can you help me with my homework, please?” She ______________________________________________________________ 7. “Would you bring me a cup of coffee, please?” She ______________________________________________________________ 8. “Would you mind passing the salt?” She ______________________________________________________________ 9. “Would you mind lending me a pencil?” She ______________________________________________________________ 10. “I was wondering if you could possibly tell me the time?” She ______________________________________________________________ 4 . Câu gián tiếp với động từ nguyên thể( Reported speech with to infinitive) Khi lời nói trực tiếp là lời đề nghị, mệnh lệnh, ý định, lời hứa, lời yêu cầu,… thì khi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp, động từ tường thuật và động từ nguyên mẫu sẽ dùng để truyền tải nội dung đó. Cụ thể có các trường hợp như sau:  Động từ tường thuật + tân ngữ+ to V *Động từ tường thuật: ask, advise, command, invite, order, recommend, encourage, urge, warn, want, beg, persuade, remind , instruct … Ex: He said, “Would you like to go out --> He invited me to go out for a for a drink?” drink. ( invited sb to V . Mời ai …..) She said to me; “How about some --> She invited me some coffee coffee” “I will look after the house for you if you -> He offered to look after the house like” he said. for me if I liked ( Offered to V đề nghị ai làm gì…) Ex: She said, “Can you lend me your --> She asked me to lend her my book?” ( asked sb to V yêu cầu ai làm gì book. ?) Ex: She said to me; “Don’t forget to ring --> She reminded me to ring her up me up tomorrow evening” Ex: “You should study harder,” my the next eveining ( Nhắc ai làm gì ) --> My mother advised me to study mother said. harder. ( Khuyên ai làm gì )  Động từ tường thuật + động từ nguyên mẫu (to V) * động từ tường thuật :agree, demand, hope, promise, threaten, offer, refuse, decide... Ex: “All right, I’ll wait for you” -> He agreed to wait for me he said Eg: ‘No, I won’t lend you my -> He refused to lend me his car. car” Eg: ‘I’ll send you a card on your -> He promised to send me a card on my birthday” birthday. Bài tập tự luyện: Rewrite the following sentences in reported speech with infinitives. 1. “Remember to write to me soon,” she said to me. She reminded .................................................................................................................. 2. “You’d better spend more time learning to write,” I said to the boy. I advised ......................................................................................................................... . 3. “Would you like to have dinner with us tonight?” Mike said to Linda. Mike invited ................................................................................................................... 4. “Please, please turn off the T.V, John,” said Tom. Tom begged ............................................................................................................ 5. “Don’t lean your bicycles against my windows, boys,” said the shopkeeper. The shopkeeper warned ................................................................................................... 6. “Open the safe,” the robber said to the bank clerk. The robber ordered .................................................................................................. 7. “Leave this space clean, David,” she said. She told .......................................................................................................... 8. “Shall I open the window for you, Edna?” he said. He offered ......................................................................................................................... 9. “I’ll wait for you. I promise,” he said to me. He promised....................................................................................................................... 10. “Would you like to come with me?” John said to Mary. John invited....................................................................................................... 11. “Don’t forget to take the holiday,” Mark said to me. Mark reminded me .......................................................................................................... 12. “You should take a holiday,” Jane said to David. Jane advised ...................................................................................................... 13. “I thought you took a holiday last summer,” Tom said to Sophia. John expected Sophia ................................................................................................. 14. “Taking a holiday would be a good idea,” George said. George proposed .......................................................................................................... 15. “ You really must take a holiday, Linda,” Jim said. Jim told .......................................................................................................... 16. “Don’t touch that switch, Peter,” I said. I warned .................................................................................................................. 17. “Read this document before you sign it,” he said to her. He advised.................................................................................................................. 18. “Will you help me, please?” she said to me. She asked ............................................................................................................ 19. “Please do as I say,” he said to me. He begged ............................................................................................................... 20. “Don’t forget to prune the roses,” my aunt said to Alfred. My aunt reminded ..................................................................................................... 5. Câu gián tiếp với danh động từ (Reported speech with gerund): - Khi lời nói trực tiếp là lời đề nghị, chúc mừng, cảm ơn, xin lỗi …. Thì khi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp, ta thường dùng động từ tường thuật cùng với danh động từ theo sau nó để truyền tải nội dung lời nói trên.Cụ thể có các trường hợp sau: Động từ tường thuật + V-ing.......  * Động từ tường thuật:deny, admit, suggest, regret........... Ex: He said to me; “Let’s -> He suggested going home go home”  Động từ tường thuật + giới từ + Ving… Động từ tường thuật: : dream of, object to, insist on, complain about, think of, look forward to..... Ex: “I’ll help you with your physics ---> Peter insisted on helping Susan with her exercise,” Peter said to Susan physics exercise. “I’ll drive you to the station. I ---> Peter insisted on driving Linda to the insist,” Peter said to Linda station “I want to pass the exam with flying ---> John dreamed of passing the exam with colours,” John said. flying colours. Động từ tường thuật + giới từ + tân ngữ * Động từ tường thuật: thank sb for, + Ving… accuse sb of, congratulate sb on, apologize sb for, warn sb against, prevent sb from, Ex1: “It was nice of you to help me. stop sb from… ---> Tom thanked me for helping him. Thank you very much,” Tom said to you. Ex2: “I’m sorry I’m late,” Peter said. Ex3: John said, “I heard you received the --> Peter apologised for being late. --> John congratulated me on receiving the scholarship Congratulations!” scholarship. Ex4: “Stay here! I can’t let you go out -> Her mother prevented Jane from going tonight,” her mother said to Jane out that night Ex5: “Don’t go out alone at night,” I said --> I warned Linda agaisnt going out alone to Linda. at night. Ex6: “You took some of my money,” he --> He accused me of taking some of his said. money. Bài tập tự luyện: Rewrite the following sentences in reported speech with Gerund 1. “Why don’t we organize an English competition for our student?” said Ms Lien. Ms Lien suggested ………………………………………………………...................... 2. “I’m sorry I’m late,’ said Mr Thanh. Mr Thanh apologized ... ………………………………………………............................ 3. “Me? No, I didn’t take Sue’s calculator,” Said Bob. Bob denied ………………………………………………………............................. 4. “You took my pencil,” said David to Henry. David accused ……………………………………………………….................. 5. “I must see the manager,” he cried. He insisted ………………………………………………………........................... 6. “If you wanted to take my bike, you should have asked me first,” said Mike to his brother. Mike criticized ……………………………………………………….......................... 7. “ You won the scholarship. Congratulation!” Mary told me. Mary congratulated . ………………………………………………….................... 8. “It was kind of you to help me with my homework,” Lan said to Hoa. Lan thanked ………………………………………………………..................... 9. “Turn off the computer. You are not allowed to play game now,” Dick’s mother said to him. Dick’s mother prevented ... ………………………………………............................. 10. “I’m sorry that I broke the glass,” said Peter. Peter apologized ………………………………………………………................. 11. “Let’s invite Mr. Brown to the party next weekend,” he said. He suggested ………………………………………………………..................... 12. “You stole the jewels,” the inspector said to him. The inspector accused ....... ………………………………………………........................ 13. “I only borrowed your car for some hours,” the man said. The man admitted ………………………………………………………..................... 14. “I’m sorry I damaged your tape recorder, Mike,” said Bob. Bob apologized ………………………………………………………....................... 15. “It’s nice of you to invite me to lunch,” Bob said to John. Bob thanked ………………………………………………………............................... 16. Carol said, “What about going to the cinema this weekend, Max ?” Carol suggested ………………………………………………………........................... 17. “I’m sorry I forgot your birthday,” Dave said Julia. Dave apologized ……………………………………………………….......................... 18. “Why didn’t you tell me the truth?” he said to me. He accused ………………………………………………………................. 19. “Don’t go near that deserted house,” Tony said to Monica. Tony warned ……………... ……………………………………….............................. 20. “I’m sorry. I broke the vase,” my son said. My son admitted ……………………………………………………….............. Dạng bài tập trắc nghiệm Choose the best answer 1. He said he……………..at the “Ritz” Hotel. A.is staying B. has stayed 2. He asked me where I……………. C. was staying D. will stay A. have studied B. study C. am studying 3. I thought that I ………….my work at that time. A. shall finish B. will finish C. should D. studied D. will have finish finish 4. He wondered if she lived…………….with her parents. A. here B. there C. in there 5. They wondered………………she would come if it rained. D. in here A. what B. who C. whether 6. He says he…………..at school two years ago. D. then A. had worked B. works C had been D. worked working 7. Victor said he………….very busy. A. is B. will be 8. I asked Hoa if she……………… Chinese. C. was D. may be A. could speak B. speaks C. can speak 9. Tina asked me how long I……………..a teacher. D. has spoken A. have been B. had been C. am 10. She asked me…………….I liked pop music. D. will be A. if B. whether C. that D. A&B 11. The students asked if I was going to teach them physics……………… A. the next day B. next day C. day next 12. I want to know he…………for her birthday. D. the day next A. has bought B. buys C. had bought 13. She said she………….come to the party on Friday. D. would buy A. won’t B. can’t C. doesn’t 14. Chris asked me where my car……………. D. couldn’t A. is B. will be C. was D. has been 15. Mr Jim said that he……………….happy with his new assistant. A. weren’t B. isn’t C. wasn’t 16. He said that John……………….up his job. D. aren’t A. has given B. have given C. had give 17. She said that she ……………to learn to drive. D. had given A. is going B. was going C. go 18. I knew that he……………….a very clever man. D. goes A. was B. will be C. has been 19. They said they…………….us if we needed. D. is A. help B. helped C. had gone D. would help 20. “Go home,” said the teacher to us. A. The teacher told us to go home B. The teacher said us to go home C. The teacher told us go home D. The teacher told to us to go home 21. “Don’t forget to clean your teeth,” said Granny to Helen. A. Granny told Helen not forget to clean her teeth. B. Granny told Helen not to forget to clean her teeth. C. Granny told Helen to not forget to clean her teeth. D. Granny said Helen not to forget to clean her teerh. 22. “Please bring me some fish soup,” he said to the waitress. A. He asked the waitress bring him some fish soup. B. He asked the waitress to bring her some fish soup. C. He asked the waitress to bring him some fish soup. D. He asked the waitress bring her some fish soup. 23. “This man spoke to me on the road,” said the woman. A. The woman said that man had spoken to me on the road. B. The woman said that man has spoken to her on the road. C. The woman said that man spoke to her on the road. D. The woman said that man had spoken to her on the road. 24. I said to Nick: “Where are you going?” A. I asked Nick where was he going. B. I asked Nick where he was going. C. I asked Nick where is he going. D. I asked Nick where he is going. 25. “If I were you, I’d try to get a room on the top of floor,” he said. A. He advised me to try to get a room on the top floor. B. He advised me to try getting a room on the top floor. C. He offered me to try to get a room on the top floor. D. He suggested me to try to get a room on the top floor. 26. “I’ll wait for you if you like,” she said. A. She offered to wait for me. B. She said she’d wait for me if I liked. C. She suggested she waited for me. D. A&B are correct. 27. “Remember to switch off when you’ve finished,” he said. A. He reminded me to switch off when I’ve finished. B. He reminded me to switch off when I’d finished. C. He offered me to switch off when I’d finished. D. He suggested me to switch off when I’d finished. 28. “You’d better apologise for being late,” said my mother. A. My mother advised me to apologise for being late. B. My mother suggested me to apologise for being late. C. My mother suggested apologising for being late. D. My mother warned me to apologise for being late. 29. “Could you check the oil, please?” I asked the mechanic. A. I invited the mechanic to check the oil. B. I asked the mechanic to check the oil. C. I reminded the mechanic to check the oil. D. I warned the mechanic to check the oil. 30 Kate said: “Mike, do you like my dress?” A. Kate asked Mike if he liked her dress. B. Kate asked Mike if you liked her dress. C. Kate asked Mike if he liked your dress. dress. D. Kate asked Mike if he likes her Một số sơ đồ tư duy(mindmap) tóm tắt lại kiến thức Sơ đồ tổng hợp ngữ pháp tiếng Anh IV. Tổng hợp câu gián tiếp trong các đề thi đại học 1. ĐH 2011 Question 36: “You shouldn’t have leaked our confidential report to the press, Frank!” said Jan A. Jane suspected that Frank had leaked their confidential report to the press. B. Jane criticized Frank for having disclosed their confidential report to the press. C. Jane accused Frank of having cheated the press with their confidential report. D. Jane blamed Frank for having flattered the press with their confidential report. Question 37: “Don’t forget to tidy up the final draft before submission,” the team leader told us A. The team leader ordered us to tidy up the final draft before submission. B. The team leader reminded us to tidy up the final draft before submission. C. The team leader asked us to tidy up the final draft before submission. D. The team leader simply wanted us to tidy up the final draft before submission. Question 38: “My company makes a large profit every year. Why don’t you invest more mon it?” my friend said to me. A. My friend instructed me how to put more money into his company. B. My friend persuaded me to invest more money in his company. C. I was asked to invest more money in my friend’s company. D. My friend suggested his investing more money in his company. Question 39: “Mum, please don’t tell dad about my mistake,” the boy said. A. The boy begged his mother not to tell his father about his mistake. B. The mother was forced to keep her son’s mistake as a secret when he insisted. C. The boy earnestly insisted that his mother tell his father about his mistake. D. The boy requested his mother not to talk about his mistake any more. Question 40: “If you don’t pay the ransom, we’ll kill your boy,” the kidnappers told us. A. The kidnappers ordered to kill our boy if we did not pay the ransom. B. The kidnappers pledged to kill our boy if we did not pay the ransom. C. The kidnappers threatened to kill our boy if we refused to pay the ransom. D. The kidnappers promised to kill our boy if we refused to pay the ransom. Answers: (B, B, B, A, C) ĐH 2010 Question 62: "Would you like some more beer?" he asked. A. He offered me some more beer. B. He asked me if I wanted some beer. C. He wanted to invite me for a glass of beer. D. He asked me would I like some more beer. Question 64: “Stop smoking or you’ll be ill,” the doctor told me. A. The doctor advised me to give up smoking to avoid illness. B. The doctor suggested smoking to treat illness. C. I was ordered not to smoke to recover from illness. D. I was warned against smoking a lot of cigarettes. Question 68: “We’re having a reunion this weekend. Why don’t you come?” John said to us. A. John cordially invited us to a reunion this weekend. B. John didn’t understand why we came to a reunion. C. John asked us why we didn’t come to a reunion this weekend. D. John simply asked us why we wouldn’t come to a reunion Answers: (A, A, A) ĐH 2009 Question 71: “Why don’t you reply to the President’s offer right now?” said Mary to her husba A. Mary suggested that her husband should reply to the President’s offer without delay. B. Mary told her husband why he didn’t reply to the President’s offer then. C. Mary ordered her husband to reply to the President’s offer right now. D. Mary wondered why her husband didn’t reply to the President’s offer then Question 73: “Please don’t drive so fast, Tom,” said Lisa. A. Lisa complained about Tom’s driving too fast. B. Lisa pleaded with Tom not to drive too fast. C. Lisa insisted on Tom’s driving on. D. Lisa grumbled to Tom about driving slowly. Question 79: She said, “John, I’ll show you round my city when you’re here.” A. She made a trip round her city with John. B. She promised to show John round her city. C. She planned to show John round her city. D. She organized a trip round her city for John. Answers: (A, B, B) ĐH 2008 Câu 71: My friend told me, “If I were you, I would not smoke so much.” A. My friend prohibited me from smoking so much. B. My friend suggested not smoking so much. C. My friend warned me against smoking so much. D. My friend advised me not to smoke so much. Câu 73: "I will let you know the answer by the end of this week,” Tom said to Janet. A. Tom suggested giving Janet the answer by the end of the week. B. Tom promised to give Janet the answer by the end of the week. C. Tom insisted on letting Janet know the answer by the end of the week. D. Tom offered to give Janet the answer by the end of the week. Câu 74: "Why don’t we go out for dinner?” said Mary. A. Mary demanded a dinner out. B. Mary suggested a dinner out. C. Mary ordered a dinner out. D. Mary requested a dinner out. Answers: (D, B, B) 2007 Câu 76: “Shall I make you a coffee?” the girl said to the lady. A. The girl refused to make a coffee for the lady. B. The girl wanted to make a coffee for the lady. C. The girl promised to make a coffee for the lady. D. The girl offered to make a coffee for the lady. Câu 79: The captain to his men: “Abandon the ship immediately!” A. The captain suggested his men abandon the ship immediately. B. The captain ordered his men to abandon the ship immediately. C. The captain invited his men to abandon the ship immediately. D. The captain requested his men to abandon the ship immediately. 2006 Câu 61: "Leave my house now or I'll call the police!" shouted the lady to the man. A. The lady threatened to call the police if the man didn't leave her house. B. The lady said that she would call the police if the man didn't leave her house. C. The lady told the man that she would call the police if he didn't leave her house. D. The lady informed the man that she would call the police if he didn't leave her house. Câu 63: "You should have finished the report by now," John told his secretary. A. John reproached his secretary for not having finished the report. B. John said that his secretary had not finished the report. C. John reminded his secretary of finishing the report on time. D. John scolded his secretary for not having finished the report. Câu 64: "If I were you, I would take the job," said my room-mate. A. My room-mate was thinking about taking the job. B. My room-mate advised me to take the job. C. My room-mate introduced the idea of taking the job to me. D. My room-mate insisted on taking the job for me Câu 65: "It's too stuffy in this room, isn't it?" said the guest. A. The guest suggested that the room should be aired. B. The guest remarked that the room should be aired. C. The guest said that the room was too crowded. D. The guest said that there was too much stuff in the room. Câu 66: "Cigarette?" he asked. "No, thanks." I said. A. He asked for a cigarette, and I immediately refused. B. He mentioned a cigarette, so I thanked him C. He offered me a cigarette, but I promptly declined. D. He asked if I was smoking, and I denied at o Câu 67: The doctor said, "You really ought to rest for a few days, Jasmine." A. Jasmine's doctor insisted that she should rest for a few days. B. The doctor suggested that Jasmine should take a short rest. C. It is the doctor's recommendation that Jasmine rested shortly. D. The doctor strongly advised Jasmine to take a few days' rest. Câu 68: "I will pay back the money, Gloria." said Ivan. A. Ivan apologised to Gloria for borrowing her money. B. Ivan offered to pay Gloria the money back C. Ivan promised to pay back Gloria's money. D. Ivan suggested paying back the money to Gloria. Câu 70: "Would you like to come to my birthday party, Sarah?" asked Frederic. A. Frederic invited Sarah to his birthday party. B. Frederic asked if Sarah was able to come to his birthday party. C. Frederic asked Sarah if she liked his birthday party or not. D. Frederic reminded Sarah of his coming birthday party. Answers: (A, A, B, A, C, D, C, A) C. KẾT LUẬN Trong khi dạy, tôi nhận thấy học sinh có hứng thú hơn với phần kiến thức này. Học sinh có thể dễ dàng hơn để ghi nhớ những bước chuyển đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp. Kết quả là các em cũng đã làm được các bài tập về phần lời nói gián tiếp ở các bài kiểm tra và đề thi khảo sát. Chuyên đề được hoàn thành bởi cá nhân tác giả nên không thể tránh khỏi những sai sót và nội dung còn hạn chế, rất mong các bạn đồng nghiệp, quý thầy cô góp ý xây dựng để ý tưởng ngày càng được hoàn thiện. TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO 1. English 10, 11 NXB Giáo Dục 2. Chuyên đề Reported speech Lê Thị Quế Anh 3. Longman English Grammar L.G. Alexander 4. Practical English Usage Michael Swan 5. Giải thích ngữ pháp tiếng Anh Mai Lan Hương Hà Thanh Uyên 6. Oxford English Grammar John Eastwood 7. A Practical English Grammar (book1&2) A.J Thomson A.V. Martinet 8. Reported speech Mindmap http://www.engames.eu/reported-speech/ [...]... câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp Kết quả là các em cũng đã làm được các bài tập về phần lời nói gián tiếp ở các bài kiểm tra và đề thi khảo sát Chuyên đề được hoàn thành bởi cá nhân tác giả nên không thể tránh khỏi những sai sót và nội dung còn hạn chế, rất mong các bạn đồng nghiệp, quý thầy cô góp ý xây dựng để ý tưởng ngày càng được hoàn thiện TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO 1 English 10, 11 NXB Giáo Dục 2 Chuyên. .. me He begged 20 “Don’t forget to prune the roses,” my aunt said to Alfred My aunt reminded 5 Câu gián tiếp với danh động từ (Reported speech with gerund): - Khi lời nói trực tiếp là lời đề nghị, chúc mừng, cảm ơn, xin lỗi … Thì khi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp, ta thường dùng động từ tường thuật cùng với danh động từ theo sau nó để truyền tải nội dung lời nói trên.Cụ thể có... 10 “I was wondering if you could possibly tell me the time?” She 4 Câu gián tiếp với động từ nguyên thể( Reported speech with to infinitive) Khi lời nói trực tiếp là lời đề nghị, mệnh lệnh, ý định, lời hứa, lời yêu cầu,… thì khi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp, động từ tường thuật và động từ nguyên mẫu sẽ dùng để truyền tải nội dung đó Cụ thể có các trường hợp như... asked me not to make a mess d Các bước thực hiện:  Dùng động từ asked/ told (sb) để tường thuật  Đưa động từ chính trong câu trực tiếp về hình thức “to-inf” nếu yêu cầu đó mang nghĩa khẳng định hoặc “not to-inf” nếu yêu cầu đó mang nghĩa phủ định  Nếu trong câu yêu cầu/ đề nghị trực tiếp có chữ “Please” thì ta bỏ đi  Thực hiện các thay đổi có liên quan( đổi ngôi, thay đổi trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian, nơi... write the report for me?” 10 Ann said to her; “Will you do your homework tonight?”  Wh-questions: Câu hỏi W/h thường bắt đầu bằng các từ như: what, why, when, who, which, where, whose, how (much/many/often/old…) a Công thức chung: (câu trực tiếp) S + asked / said “ Wh – word + Aux + S + ? ” (câu trực tiếp) S + ASKED + (O) + Wh – Question word + S + V (lùi thì) − Ngoài động từ asked (sb), ta có thể... her dress C Kate asked Mike if he liked your dress dress D Kate asked Mike if he likes her Một số sơ đồ tư duy(mindmap) tóm tắt lại kiến thức Sơ đồ tổng hợp ngữ pháp tiếng Anh IV Tổng hợp câu gián tiếp trong các đề thi đại học 1 ĐH 2011 Question 36: “You shouldn’t have leaked our confidential report to the press, Frank!” said Jan A Jane suspected that Frank had leaked their confidential report to the... home c Các bước thực hiện  Dùng động từ asked (sb) để tường thuật  Mở đầu nội dung được tường thuật bằng một nghi vấn từ trong câu hỏi trực tiếp  Đảo trợ động từ ra sau chủ ngữ Nếu trợ động từ là do, does, hoặc did thì ta bỏ đi nhưng phải lùi thì cho động từ chính và cuối câu không dùng dấu hỏi nữa  Thực hiện đổi ngôi của chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, tính từ sở hữu nếu có  Thực hiện biến đổi trạng ngữ chỉ... city D She organized a trip round her city for John Answers: (A, B, B) ĐH 2008 Câu 71: My friend told me, “If I were you, I would not smoke so much.” A My friend prohibited me from smoking so much B My friend suggested not smoking so much C My friend warned me against smoking so much D My friend advised me not to smoke so much Câu 73: "I will let you know the answer by the end of this week,” Tom said to... Janet know the answer by the end of the week D Tom offered to give Janet the answer by the end of the week Câu 74: "Why don’t we go out for dinner?” said Mary A Mary demanded a dinner out B Mary suggested a dinner out C Mary ordered a dinner out D Mary requested a dinner out Answers: (D, B, B) 2007 Câu 76: “Shall I make you a coffee?” the girl said to the lady A The girl refused to make a coffee for the... girl offered to make a coffee for the lady Câu 79: The captain to his men: “Abandon the ship immediately!” A The captain suggested his men abandon the ship immediately B The captain ordered his men to abandon the ship immediately C The captain invited his men to abandon the ship immediately D The captain requested his men to abandon the ship immediately 2006 Câu 61: "Leave my house now or I'll call the ... Học sinh dễ dàng để ghi nhớ bước chuyển đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp Kết em làm tập phần lời nói gián tiếp kiểm tra đề thi khảo sát Chuyên đề hoàn thành cá nhân tác giả nên tránh khỏi... ý: Một số trường hợp không đổi động từ câu gián tiếp: - Nếu động từ mệnh đề giới thiệu dùng đơn, tiếp diễn, hoàn thành tương lai đơn, động từ câu gián tiếp không thay đổi Eg: He says/ he is saying/... Câu gián tiếp với động từ nguyên thể( Reported speech with to infinitive) Khi lời nói trực tiếp lời đề nghị, mệnh lệnh, ý định, lời hứa, lời yêu cầu,… chuyển sang câu gián tiếp, động