Bộ giáo dục và đào tạo  Bộ giáo dục và đào tạo  đề cương ôn tập môn tiếng anh dành cho cao học và nghiên cứu sinh -----------------------------------------Đề cương này dùng làm cơ sở hướng dẫn ôn tập phục vụ cho việc kiểm tra môn tiếng Anh trong kỳ thi tuyển sinh cao học và nghiên cứu sinh hàng năm theo quy định của Bộ Giáo dục và Đào tạo và do Trường Đại học Nông nghiệp I tổ chức. Phần một : giới thiệu chung I. Mục tiêu: Đề cương này nhằm hướng dẫn đồng bộ 3 qui trình ôn tập, hướng dẫn ôn tập và ra đề thi : 1. Nội dung chương trình giảng dạy các lớp ôn tập thi tuyển sinh. 2. Nội dung và hình thức đề thi tuyển sinh. 3. Việc ôn tập của thí sinh. II. Nội dung : Đề cương gồm 5 phần chính (A – E) dựa theo hướng dẫn về “Dạng thức ra đề thi môn ngoại ngữ trình độ B, C” của Bộ Giáo dục và Đào tạo : Phần A : Từ vựng (Vocabulary) Phần B : Ngữ pháp (Grammar) Phần C : Đọc hiểu (Reading Comprehension) Phần D : Viết (Writing ) Phần E : Dịch (Translation) * Phần Đọc hiểu (B) và Viết (C) được trình bày dưới dạng các bài mẫu. * Ngoài ra, để giúp thí sinh ôn tập, chúng tôi còn biên soạn, tập hợp các cấu trúc thường gặp trong các bài thi và cách xử lý, một số bài tập được trình bày bằng POWER POINT để tham khảo (không kèm theo tài liệu Hướng dẫn này). III. Nguyên tắc biên soạn : 1. Dựa trên Quyết định số 02/2001/QĐ-BGD&ĐT ngày 29 tháng 01 năm 2001 và sửa đổi, bổ sung theo Quyết định số 19/2002-QĐ-BGD&ĐT ngày 09/4/2002 của Bộ trưởng Bộ Giáo dục và Đào tạo ban hành Quy chế tuyển sinh sau đại học và Phụ lục 1 về “Dạng thức ra đề thi môn ngoại ngữ trình độ B, C”. 2. Dựa trên quy định về khối lượng ngữ liệu và yêu cầu kỹ năng trong “Chương trình bồi dưỡng ngoại ngữ các cấp độ A,B,C” của Bộ Giáo dục và Đào tạo. Tuy quy định kiến thức về ngữ liệu và yêu cầu về kỹ năng ngoại ngữ giữa 2 cấp độ B (cho cao học), và C (cho nghiên cứu sinh) có khác nhau, nhưng về cơ bản vẫn dựa trên một nền chung, cấp độ C kế thừa và nâng cao hơn cấp độ B. Do vậy hướng dẫn này 3. §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 2 dùng chung cho cả 2 cấp độ, khi hướng dẫn ôn tập và ra đề thi giáo viên cần vận dụng cho thích hợp với từng trình độ. IV. Các tài liệu tham khảo chính Phần hướng dẫn các nội dung chính, câu mẫu, bài mẫu và bài tập được soạn dựa theo các văn bản hướng dẫn của Bộ đã nói ở trên và tham khảo các tài liệu trong và ngoài nước như các tài liệu ôn tập và luyện thi của Nhà xuất bản Đại học Cambridge – Cambridge University Press (Anh) : Practice Tests for Cambridge Preliminary English (PET), Cambridge Practice Tests for First Certificate (FCE), Progress to First Certificate, Cambridge First Certificate Examination Practice, Fifty Tests in Essential English của Nhà xuất bản Basil Blackwell,….. và trong các sách luyện thi IELTS và TOEFL do các nhà xuất bản khác nhau ấn hành, và một số tài liệu tải về từ mạng, v.v. §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 3 Phần hai : yêu cầu, nội dung chính cần ôn tập A. VOCABULARY (Từ vựng): 1. Số lượng từ vựng khoảng 1500 - 1800 từ với Cấp độ B và 1800 - 2100 từ đối với Cấp độ C. 2. Từ cơ bản, từ phái sinh: Cho một câu có một chỗ trống và cho một dạng cơ bản của từ , thí sinh phải tìm từ phái sinh thích hợp từ từ cơ bản đó để điền vào chỗ trống. Ví dụ : từ gốc : CHILD : số nhiều : children ; tính từ : childless, child-like, childish …; danh từ : childhood ; ATTRACT : tính từ : attractive/unattractive, attractable; trạng từ : attractively; danh từ : attraction, attractiveness, attractivity …. B. GRAMMAR (Ngữ pháp) Phần Ngữ pháp phải nắm vững và biết sử dụng 5 phần cơ bản sau : 1. Nhóm động từ : (The Verb Group) 1.1. Các thì trong tiếng Anh ( The English Tenses) 1.2. Câu bị động ( The Passive Voice) 2. Câu điều kiện (Conditional Sentences) 2.1. Điều kiện có thực (Real conditions) 2.2. Điều kiện không có thực (giả thiết) (Unreal conditions) 3. Động từ chỉ hình thái (Modal Verbs) 3.1. Can/Could 3.2. May/Might 3.3. Must/Have to 3.4. Should/Would 4. Các dạng không chia của động từ ( The Non-Finites ) 4.1. Động từ nguyên thể ( The Infinitive ) 4.2. Danh động từ ( The Gerund ) 5. Cách nói trực tiếp - gián tiếp (Direct and Indirect/Reported Speech) C. READING COMPREHENSION (Đọc hiểu) 1. Phần trắc nghiệm – gồm 15 câu: chọn từ hoặc cụm từ thích hợp điền vào chỗ trống, hoặc khoanh tròn chữ cái đối với từ hoặc cum từ thích hợp. 2. Bài đọc hiểu với các dạng thức bài tập khác nhau (như: trắc nghiệm, trả lời câu hỏi, đúng sai, điền từ, thay từ, v.v…) 3. D. Đọc, chọn từ thích hợp điền vào chỗ trống (Gap- Filling) WRITING (Viết) 1. Dựng câu có hướng dẫn (Guided Sentence Building) 2. Viết lại câu (Re-writing/Sentence Transformation) E. TRANSLATION (Dịch) 1. Dịch Anh – Việt §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn (English – Vietnamese Translation) 4 2. Dịch Việt – Anh (Vietnamese – English Translation) Phần ba : hướng dẫn chi tiết A. VOCABULARY (Từ VựNG): B. Grammar (NGữ PHáP) Phần Ngữ pháp phải nắm vững và biết sử dụng 5 phần cơ bản sau : 1. Nhóm động từ : (The Verb Group) 1.1. Các thì trong tiếng Anh ( The English Tenses) 1.2. Cách nói bị động ( The Passive Voice) 2. Câu điều kiện (Conditional Sentences) 2.1. Điều kiện có thực (Real conditions) 2.2. Điều kiện không có thực (giả thiết) (Unreal conditions) 3. Động từ chỉ tình thái (Modal Verbs) 3.1. Can/Could 3.2. May/Might 3.3. Must/Have to 3.4. Should/Would 4. Các dạng không chia của động từ ( The Non-Finites ) 4.1. Động từ nguyên thể ( The Infinitive ) 4.2. Danh động từ ( The Gerund ) 5. Cách nói trực tiếp, gián tiếp ( The Direct- Indirect/Reported Speech) 1. --------------------------------------------------nhóm Động từ 1.1. các thì trong tiếng anh: (The English Tenses) There are altogether 12 tense forms in English : PRESENT PAST FUTURE 1.1.1. SIMPLE CONTINUOUS PERFECT PERFECT CONTINUOUS The Simple Present NOW PAST ___________________________________________ FUTURE The Simple Present is used: (i) with stative verbs: I understand it now. That looks good. (ii) for the future with verbs such as “open/close”, “begin/end”, “arrive/leave” and expresses a fact. - The English test begins at eight. §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 5 - Tâm arrives at 6 p.m. on Sunday. 1.1.2. (iii) to express a habitual or everyday action. - I always drink coffee for breakfast. - She gets up at six every morning. (iv) for something that existed in the past, exists now, and will exist in the future/ something that is always true. - The sun rises in the east. - Dogs bark and cats mew. The Present Continuous NOW PAST ___________________________________________ FUTURE The Present Continuous is used: (i) to show present time – now – with all verbs except these stative verbs. know understand believe look remember hear like love sound mean appear seem smell have prefer taste wish own need want - Tâm is talking on the phone right now. - It is raining outside. 1.1.3. The Present Perfect NOW PAST FUTURE The Present Perfect is used : (i) to show that an action happened at an indefinite time in the past. - I have seen that movie. (no definite time in the past) - She has taken the test . (no definite time in the past) (ii) when an action started in the past and is still continuing in the present. - Nam has lived in Nam Đinh for ten years. (he still lives there) or - Nam has lived in Nam Đinh since 1995. N.B.: The adverbial time expressions “for” and “since” are used with the present perfect tense: “For” is used for duration of time : for ten years; for three days “Since” is used with the beginning of the time period: since 1995, since (last) Wednesday; since 10 o’clock. (iii) when an action was repeated in the past or happened more than once in the past. - I have written three letters this week. - She has failed her driving test twice this year. §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 6 (iv) with the adverbial time expressions “yet” and “already” which show that an action occurred or did not occur at an definite time in the past. “Yet” is used in negative sentences and questions . “Yet” appears at the end of the sentence. - We haven’t had lunch yet. “Already” appears between the auxiliary and the main verb: - They have already finished their project. “Already” may also be placed at the beginning or at the end of a sentence. (v) with other time expressions such as “up to now”, “often”, “as soon as”, “during the past few days”, “lately”, “recently”, “just”, “ever”, “never”, “so far”, “frequently”, “finally” : - He will call you as soon as he has finished his homework. - During the past two days, she has read five chapters. 1.1.4. The Present Perfect Continuous NOW PAST FUTURE The Present Perfect Continuous is used : (i) to emphasize the duration of an activity that began in the past and is still continuing in the present. It is used with time expression such as “for”, “since”, “all day”, “all week” : - I have been doing this exercise for half an hour. - It has been raining all morning. (ii) sometimes with the same meaning as the present perfect, and with some verbs such as “teach”, “live”, and “work”, either tense can be used. - He has been teaching here for five years. or - He has taught here foe five years. - She has been working with us since last February. or - She has worked with us since last February. 1.1.5. The Simple Past NOW PAST FUTURE The Simple Past is used : (i) to show that an activity began and ended at a specific time in the past. - I took the test the day before yesterday. - We went for a picnic last weekend. (ii) to show that an action occurred over a period of time in the past. - She lived in Đa Nang for five years before she came here. 1.1.6. The Past Continuous NOW §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 7 PAST FUTURE The Past Continuous is used : (i) when an action in the past which had already started was interrupted by another action. - Mai was sleeping when the phone rang. - When it started to rain, we were having dinner. (ii) when two action in the past continued at the same time. - Lan was watching television while Tâm was sleeping. - He was reading while I was writing my essay. (iii) when an action was continuing at a particular time in the past. - Nam was studying at nine o’clock last night. - We were doing morning exercises at six this morning. 1.1.7. The Past Perfect NOW PAST FUTURE The Past Perfect is used : (i) to show that an activity was completed before another activity or definite time in the past. - By the time I got to the airport, the plane had already taken off. - She had learned English before she came here. or - She learned English before she came here. N.B. With “before” and “after” either the past perfect or the simple past tense can be used. 1.1.8. The Past Perfect Continuous NOW PAST FUTURE The Past Perfect Continuous is similar to the Past Perfect, but it is used to : emphasize the duration of an activity that continued before any activity in the past: - He had been living in Đa Năng before he decided to move to Hanoi. - Lan had been cleaning her house all morning before the guests arrived. 1.1.9. The Simple Future NOW §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 8 PAST ________________________________________ FUTURE The Simple Future is used: The two most common constructions for expressing the future are “will” and “be going to”. Both are used interchangeably to express a statement about a future actio: - I will send this letter tomorrow. - I am going to* send this letter tomorrow. However, “going to” is usually used when we have a plan or an intention for the future, and “will” is used when we want to express an action in the future without any premeditation or prior thought. - Băc is going to study agricultural engineering next year. (future plan) - I’ll get the phone. (spontaneous action) N.B. In a sentence where there are two clauses of which one is a time clause beginning with “when”, “after”, “before”, “as soon as”, “until”, the future tense is not used in that clause. - After we finish the work, we will watch television. - As soon as he comes, I will give you a call. 1.1.10. The Future Continuous NOW PAST FUTURE The Future Continuous is used : (i) to express an activity that will start at a future time and be in progress at a certain time in the future. - At this time tomorrow, we will be taking the test. (ii) when an action will take place at an indefinite time in the future. In this case the simple future form can also be used. - We will be seeing you there. or We’ll see you there. 1.1.11. The Future Perfect NOW PAST FUTURE The Future Perfect is used to express a future action which will be finished before another action or time in the future. The time expression “by …..”, “by that time”, “by then”, “in a few hours”, etc. are common with this form. - By the time he comes, we will have finished our work. - By twelve o’clock we will have arrived there. 1.1.12. The Future Perfect Continuous §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 9 NOW PAST FUTURE The Future Perfect Continuous is similar to the future perfect and is used: (i) to emphasize the duration of an activity that will be continuing before another activity or time in the future. - By the time we get home, I will have been driving for five hours. - By the time we take the test, we will have been taking English for a year. (ii) with verbs like “work”, “teach”, “live”, “study” in place of the future perfect. - By the end of the year, she will have been working here for twenty years. or - By the end of the year, she will have worked here for twenty years. §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 10 Each different tense form in English has a different meaning. The chart below summarizes these verb tense meanings. TENSE FORM Simple present : TENSE MEANING Expresses an event or situation that exists now or that USUALLY, ALWAYS, or OFTEN exists. - He always eats dinner at 19 hours. - Water boils at 100 degrees centigrade. Simple past : Expresses an event or situation that began and ended in the past. - He ate dinner last night at 19:30 hours. Simple future : Expresses an event or situation that will happen at one particular time in the future. - He will eat dinner tomorrow at 19:30 hours. Give the idea that an event or situation is in progress during a particular time. - While he was eating, the doorbell rang. The continuous tenses : The perfect tenses Give the idea that one event happens or happened before another time or event. - He had eaten before she arrived. The meaning of a tense used in an English sentence must agree with the time meaning of the rest of the sentence. The time meaning of a sentence is often determined by words or expressions that act as TIME MARKERS. Some of the most common English time markers are : SINCE Often used with the perfect tenses – to indicate a particular time. FOR Often used with the perfect tenses or the simple tenses – to indicate a duration of time. YET Often used with the perfect tenses – in negative meanings and in questions. ALREADY Often used with the perfect tenses – in affirmative meanings. YESTERDAY Often used with the past tenses TODAY Often used with the present tenses TOMORROW Often used with the future tenses or with the present continuous tense when it refers to the future. DURING Often used with the simple and continuous tenses to show a duration of time. Not usually used with the perfect tenses. OVER THE PAST Often used with the present perfect tense to indicate time starting in the past FEW … and continuing to the present. USUALLY Often used with the simple tenses to indicate habitual actions. §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 11 NOW Often used with the present continuous tense. Verb Tense Forms The English verb has five principal parts. These principal parts are used in forming English verb tenses. The principal parts of some English verbs are given in the chart below : PRINCIPAL PARTS OF SOME ENGLISH VERBS Base form Present start hope study eat give have be start(s) hope(s) study(ies) eat(s) give(s) have (has) am/is/are Present Participle starting hoping studying eating giving having being Past started hoped studied ate gave had was/were Past Participle started hoped studied eaten given had been When parts of the verb BE (am, is, are, was, were, be, been, being) are used to form active verb tenses, they are followed by a PRESENT PARTICIPLE as, for example, in the continuous tenses. ( Sometimes the verb BE is used to form passive sentences. When this happens, it is followed by a past participle. I am living here now. BE + Present Participle I have been living here for a long time. BE + Present Participle When parts of the verb HAVE ( have, has, had, having ) are used to form verb tenses, they are followed by a PAST PARTICIPLE as, for example, in the perfect tenses. I have lived here for a long time. HAVE + Past Participle - I have been living here for a long time. HAVE + Past Participle The - ING form of the verb can NEVER function as the finite verb of a clause. - Incorrect : - *George having had his paper finished for a few days. - Correction : - George has had his paper finished for a few days. - Incorrect : - *Bill feels that we making too much noise. - Correction : - Bill feels that we are making too much noise. 1.2. cách nói bị động (THE PASSIVE VOICE) Sentences in English can be either active or passive. Active : - Nam ate the whole cake. S V dO Passive 1 : - The whole cake was eaten by Nam. S V O of Prep Passive 2 : - The whole cake was eaten . S V Follow the steps below to form passive sentences : §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 12 1. Change the direct object of an active sentence into the subject of a passive sentence; 2. Change the verb to include a form of BE and the past participle of the active verb; and 3. Delete the active sentence subject or place it after the preposition BY. 2. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 2.1. 2.1.1. We can use IF with many different structures. Here are the most common: Open present or future conditionals : IF + present simple + will + infinitive - If he asks me, I’ll help him. (perhaps he will ask me) 2.1.2. Unreal present or future conditionals: IF + past simple + would + infinitive - If he asked me I would help him ( but he won’t ask me, or he probably won’t ) 2.1.3. Unreal past conditionals IF + past perfect + would have + past participle - If he had asked me I would have helped him ( but he didn’t me ) 2.1.4. General conditionals: IF + present simple + present simple - If he asks me, I always help him. ( = Whenever he asks me … ) - If we heat metal, it expands. 2.2. An IF-clause can go at the beginning or end of a sentence. - If it rains, we’ll stay at home. - We’ll stay at home if it rains. We often write a comma ( , ) after the IF- clause when we begin with this clause. 2.3. We can use conditional clauses without IF : - Unless we hurry, we’ll be late. - Suppose you won a lot of money, what would you do ? - I’ll go to the party as/so long as, provided/providing (that) you go too. - Should we have enough time, we’ll visit Sapa. (inversion) 3. các dạng không chia của động từ: 3.1. Danh động từ và động từ nguyên thể (GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES ) 3.1.1. Gerunds and infinitives occur in many English sentences. Infinitives can function as nouns, adverbs, and adjectives. Gerunds function only as nouns. - Smiling is good for you. Gerund (noun) - You like to smile. Infinitive (noun) - The thing to do is to pass the exam. §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 13 Infinitive (adjective); Infinitive (complement) - He ran to meet her. Infinitive (adverb) 3.1.2. Although both gerunds and infinitives can function as subjects, objects, and complements in English sentences, infinitives cannot function as objects of prepositions. Only gerunds can function as objects of prepositions. Correct : Today’s weather is perfect for swimming. Incorrect : * Today’s weather is perfect for to swim. 3.1.3. While some verbs can be followed by either gerunds or infinitives, others cannot be followed by both forms. Correct : I enjoy eating. Incorrect : * I enjoy to eat. 3.1.4. Gerunds and infinitives that come from intransitives verbs (verbs that have objects) can be followed by objects; nouns cannot. Correct : Contemplating life is a favourite human pastime. Gerund Noun object Incorrect : * The contemplation life is a favourite human pastime. Noun Noun object 3.1.5. Some adjectives can be followed by infinitives. These adjectives usually describe a person, not a thing, and often express feelings or attitudes. These adjectives are not normally followed by gerunds. Correct : I was sad to learn that he had gone. Incorrect : * I was sad learning that he had gone. 3.2. The gerund is the verb + ing form used as a noun. It can function as a subject, subject of a complement, object, object of a preposition. - Writing essays in English requires practice. (subject) - My hobby is collecting stamps. (subject of a complement) - I like fishing. (object) - She is afraid of walking alone at night. (object of a preposition) PREPOSITIONS NOUNS + PREPOSITIONS ADJECTIVES + PREPOSITIONS GERUND VERBS + PREPOSITIONS IDIOMS + PREPOSITIONS VERBS (1) Gerunds as subjects If a sentence begins with a gerund (verb + ing) the verb in the sentence must be singular: Worrying is not going to help. - Walking has become a popular sport recently. (2) Gerunds after prepositions Every time a preposition is followed by a verb, the verb is in the gerund form. - Before going to the university, he stopped by at his friend’s. §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 14 - By listening carefully, he quickly picked up the language. (3) Gerund after certain nouns + prepositions. The following is some nouns + prepositions which take the gerund: choice of possibility of excuse for intention of reason for - I do not have the slightest intention of working this weekend. - She has no excuse for behaving in that manner. (4) Gerund after certain adjectives + prepositions. The following is some adjectives + prepositions which take the gerund: accustomed to afraid of interested in fond of tired of good at successful in capable of - She is fond of working with animals. - I am interested in reading that article. (5) Gerund after certain verbs + prepositions. The following is some verbs + prepositions which take the gerund: approve of worry about think about insist on depend on count on succeed in think of rely on - He succeeded in getting the job. - I insist on seeing the manager. (6) Gerund after certain idioms. The following is some adjectives + prepositions which take the gerund: look forward to … It’s no use … It’s worth … It’s not worth … take to … can’t stand … can’t resist … can’t help … - We are looking forward to seeing you soon. - It’s not worth going there now, it’s too late. (7) Gerund after certain verbs. The following is a list of verbs which take the gerund: appreciate enjoy keep on tolerate mind imagine avoid escape mention suggest recommend resent consider excuse miss understand finish quit delay forgive pardon deny prevent discuss detest give up practice postpone admit regret dislike go on put off risk defer recollect - I miss seeing my friend. - He postponed going to the dentist because of his test. §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 15 (7) Gerund or Infinitive after certain verbs. The following is a list of verbs which can take either the gerund or the infinitive: advise dislike like prefer study agree dread love propose try or or allow forget mean regret attempt hate neglect remember begin intend permit start continue leave plan stop - We tried telling her not to do it. - We tried to tell her not to do it. - It began raining just as we went out. - It began to rain just as we went out. 4. MODALS AND MODAL-LIKE VERBS (Động từ chỉ tình tháI ...) Many English sentences contain modals and modal-like verbs. Modal-like verbs have similar meanings to modals, but they have different forms. MODALS may might can could shall should would must will MODAL-LIKE VERBS be able to be able to be to/ought to/had better/ be supposed to Used to Have to/have got to be going to would like to would rather * In English sentences, modals and modal-like verbs are followed by the base form of the main verb. - Nam must go to Nha Trang this week. - Nam has to go to Nha Trang this week. 4.1. CAN/COULD 4.1.1. Can : We use can to say that something is possible or that somebody has the ability to do something. - We can see the lake from our bedroom window. - Can you speak any foreign languages? - I can come and see you tomorrow if you like. 4.1.2. (Be) able to is possible instead of can, but can is more usual. - I can’t sleep. But - I haven’t been able to sleep recently. (can has no present perfect) 4.1.3. Both can and could are used to express requests. Could is a little more polite: - Can I have a glass of water, please? §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 16 - Could you open the door for me, please? 4.1.4. Could and was able to: Sometimes could is the past of can. We use could especially with: see, hear, smell, taste, feel, remember, understand - When we went into the room, we could smell burning. - She spoke in a very low voice, but I could understand what she said. 4.1.5. Can refers to the future if it is followed by a time word (tomorrow, next week, etc. ) - I can do it for you next month. 4.1.6. The negative of can is cannot or can’t.  could is could not or couldn’t. 4.1.7. We also use could to say that somebody had the general ability or permission to do something: - My grandfather could speak five languages. - We were complete free. We could do what we wanted.(= we were allowed to do … ). N.B. We use could for general ability. But if we are talking about what happened in a particular situation, we used was/were able to … or managed to … (not could). - The fire spread through the building quickly, but everybody was able to escape. or everybody managed to escape. 4.2. MAY/MIGHT 4.2.1. We use may or might to say that something is a possibility: - It may be true. or It might be true. (= perhaps it is true). - She might know. or She may know. (= perhaps she knows) 4.2.2. For the past we use may have (done) or might (have (done). - A: I can’t find my bag anywhere. - B: You might have left it in the shop. (perhaps you left it in the shop). 4.2.3. We use may and might to talk about possible actions or happenings in the future: - I haven’t decided yet where to spend my holidays. I may go to Đà Lạt. (= perhaps I will go to Đà Lạt). - Take an umbrella with you when you go out. It might rain later (= perhaps it will rain). 4.2.4. May I…? or May we … ? are used for polite requests, in the same way as Can I ...? or Can we …?. It is a very polite form. - May I ask you a question? - May I have a glass of water, please? N. B. * may is occasionally used in formal English to mean to be allowed to : - Guests may bring husbands of wives if they wish. * may and might are usually used in question form only with I or we. Other persons more often use the positive with Do you think …?: - He might be late.  Do you think he might be late? * The negative of may is may not .  might is might not or mightn’t. 4.3. MUST / HAVE TO 4.3.1. We use must and have to to say that it is necessary to do something. Sometimes it doesn’t matter which you use. §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 17 - Oh, it is later than I thought. I must go. or I have to go. * But there is a difference between must and have to and sometimes it is important. Must is personal. We use must when we give our personal feelings. ‘You must do something’ = ‘I (the speaker) say it is necessary’: • She’s really nice person. You must meet her. (= I say this is necessary). • I haven’t phoned Lan for ages. I must phone her tonight. Compare: - I must get up early tomorrow. There are a lot of things I want to do. Have to is impersonal. We use have to for facts, not for our personal feelings. ‘You have to do something’ because of a rule or the situation. • You can’t run right here. You have to turn left. (because of the traffic system) • My eyesight isn’t very good. I have to wear glasses for reading. • Tâm can’t come out with us this evening. He has to work. - I have to get up early tomorrow. I’m going away and my train leaves at 6.30. 4.3.2. We can use must to talk about the present or the future, but not the past. - We must go now. - We must go tomorrow. (but not “We must go yesterday’). 4.3.3. We can use have to in all forms. For example: - I had to go to hospital. (past). - Have you ever had to go to hospital? (present perfect). - I might have to go to hospital. (infinitive after might). 4.3.4. In questions and negative sentences with have to, we normally use do/does/did. - What do I have to do to get a driving licence? - Why did you have to go to hospital? - Nam doesn’t have to work on Saturdays. N.B. Mustn’t and don’t have to are completely different. You mustn’t do something = it is necessary that you do not do it (so, don’t do it) You don’t have to do something = you don’t need to do it (but you can if you want) 4.4. WILL/WOULD – SHALL/SHOULD 4.4.1. will and would for predictions: * We use will for prediction: - Băc has walked a long way. He will sleep well tonight. - We are going to Sapa for the holidays. – Oh, that will be nice. * We use would for a past prediction or a prediction about a possible situation: + Past : - Băc had walked a long way. He would sleep well that night. + Possible : - How about going to Sapa next weekend?  That would be fine. 4.4.2. The modal WOULD is often combined with LIKE TO or RATHER to form a modal-like verb. The modal-like verb WOULD LIKE TO means WANT TO. The modal-like verb WOULD RATHER means PREFER TO. - I would like to go to the cinema tonight. - I would rather go to the cinema tonight than go to the theatre. 4.4.3. We can use SHALL instead of WILL and SHOULD instead of WOULD – but only after I and we – not after other persons. - I will/shall be twenty-five next August. NOT : *Nam shall be twenty-five …. §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 18 - We should/would like to meet your family. NOT : * My friend should like … 4.4.4. Other meanings of WILL and WOULD: + We can use WILL for a decision or an offer: Decision : - Tea or coffee?  I will have coffee, please. Offer: - I’ll wait for you if you like. 4.4.5. We use WILL and WOULD in the negative for refusal: - They won’t go back to work until they get a wage increase. - The key goes in the lock, but it won’t turn. * I won’t … expresses a strong refusal. - I won’t listen to any more of this nonsense. 4.4.6. SHALL and SHOULD • We use Shall I …? for offers and Shall we …? for suggestions: Offer : - Shall I wait for you?  Oh, thank you. Suggestion: - Shall we go to the park?  Good idea. • We use should to say what is the right thing or the best thing to do : - People should exercise regularly. - You shouldn’t spend all your wages as soon as you get them. • We use either shall or should to ask for advice: - I am in terrible trouble. What shall/should I do? - What shall we have for dinner? 4.4.7. Modals and modal-like verbs used in passive sentences are followed by BE and the past participle of the main verb. These forms are called modal passives. - The man could be identified with his passport. - The man was able to be identified with his passport. 5. DIRECT AND INDIRECT (REPORTED) SPEECH 5.1. When we want to report what someone said, we can use “direct speech’ or ‘reported speech’. In direct speech, we give the exact words that the person said, and we use quotation mark ( ‘ ….. ‘ or “ ….. “ ) - Direct speech : Nam said “ I’m hungry”. In reported speech, we change some of the words that the person said and we do not use quotation marks. - Reported speech : Nam said (that) he was hungry. OR : Nam says (that) he’s hungry. 5.2. SAY and TELL After TELL we normally use a personal object ( e.g. Nam, me, us … ) to say who is told. We normally use SAY without a personal object. Compare : SAY + something - I said I was going home. - He says he can speak French. TELL + someone + something - I told Nam I was going home. - He tells me he can speak French. §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 19 5.2.2. If we want to put a personal object with SAY, we use TO . - I said to Nam that I was going home. 5.2.3. In a few expressions we can use TELL without a personal object : e.g. tell a story, tell the time, tell the truth, tell a lie, …. 5.3. REPORTED STATEMENTS 5.3.1. Tenses : a. When the reporting verb is in the past (e.g. he said, you told me ), the tense in reported speech normally ‘moves back’ : • Verbs in the present change into the past. • SPEAKER’S WORD REPORTED SPEECH ‘ I’m going home.’ ‘ I want to stop.’ ‘ I don’t like tea.’ ‘ Nam has finished his exercises.’ He said he was gong home. You told me you wanted to stop. She said she didn’t like tea You said that Nam had finished his exercises. Verbs already in the past, change into the past perfect or they do not change. ‘ I spoke to them.’ ‘ We arrived late.’ • Verbs already in the past perfect, do not change. ‘ I had seen the film before.’ • I said I had spoken to them./ I said I spoke to them. They said they had arrived late./ They said they arrived late. I told you I had seen the film before. Modal Verbs Note the past forms of these modal verbs : can  could ; will  would ; shall  should ; may  might . SPEAKER’S WORD REPORTED SPEECH ‘ I can swim.’ ‘ I will be at home.’ ‘ We may go by train.’ He said he could swim. She said she would be at home. They told me they might go by train. The past modals could, would, should and might do not change in reported speech. ‘ You could be right.’ He said you could be right. ‘ You should see the film.’ They told me I should see the film. Must either does not change or it takes the past form (of have to ) had to . ‘ I must go’ He said he must go./ He said he had to go. b. We do not always change the tenses in reported speech when we use a past reporting verb. If we report something that is still true now, we sometimes use the same tense as the speaker. SPEAKER’S WORD REPORTED SPEECH ‘ The population of HCM City He said that the population of HCM City is §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 20 is around four million.’ ‘ I live in Hanoi.’ around four million. She told me that she lives in Hanoi. But even when something is still true, we often change the tense in reported speech. - He said that the population of HCM City was around four million. We always change the tense when there is a difference between what was said and what is really true. - She said that she was 25 years old, but in fact she’s only 20. 5.3.2. Pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, etc a. Pronouns (e.g. I, me … ) and possessive adjectives e.g. my, your .. ) often change in reported speech. Compare : - Direct speech: Lan said, ‘ I’m on holiday with my friend’. - Reported speech : Lan said (that) she was on holiday with her friend. b. People use words like here, now, today, … to talk about the place where they are speaking and the time they are speaking. If we report those words in a different place or at a different time, they often change. For example : SPEAKER’S WORD REPORTED SPEECH here this now today tonight tomorrow yesterday next Monday last Monday the day after tomorrow ago there that/the then that day that night the next day/ the following day the day before/ the previous day the following Monday the previous Monday in two days’ time before / previously Compare : - ‘ I see him here today.’ - She said she saw him there that day. - ‘ I’ll see you tomorrow.’ - He said he would see me the next day. That We often use THAT to join a reported clause to the rest of the sentence. I said that I was feeling tired. You told me that you would be careful. After SAY and TELL ( + person ), we often leave out that, especially in an informal style. I said I was feeling tired. You told me you would be careful. 5.4. REPORTED QUESTIONS 5.4.1. Tenses, adjectives, pronouns, etc in reported questions change in the same way as in reported statements. SPEAKER’S WORD REPORTED QUESTION §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 21 ‘ What are you doing?’ ‘ How is your brother ?’ The teacher asked the students what they were doing. She asked how my brother was. In reported questions, the word order is the same as in statements (e.g. they were doing, my brother was) , and we do not use a question mark ( ? ) . 5.4.2. In reported questions, we do not use the auxiliary verb DO ( DO, DOES, or DID). SPEAKER’S WORD REPORTED QUESTION ‘ What do you want?’ ‘ Where does she live ?’ ‘ Why did you say that ?’ I asked what she wanted. They asked where he lived. He asked why I said that. 5.4.3. When there is no question word (e.g. what, where, why … ) we can use IF or WHETHER to introduce a reported question. SPEAKER’S WORD REPORTED QUESTION ‘ Are you cold?’ ‘ Do you want a drink ?’ ‘ Can you speak French ?’ I asked if he as cold. She asked if I wanted a drink. They wanted to know whether I could speak French.. 5.4.4. After ASK, we often use an object (e.g. Nam, me, … ) to say who was asked. 5.5. USING THE TO - INFINITIVE IN REPORTED SPEECH 5.5.1. We often report orders, requests, warnings, advice and invitations using the structure VERB + OBJECT + TO – INFINITIVE . SPEAKER’S WORD REPORTED QUESTION ‘ Get out of my room.’ ‘ Could you carry some bags, Nam?’ ‘ Stay away from me .’ ‘ You should phone the police.’ ‘ Would you like to have dinner with us ? ‘ She told the man to get out of her room. I asked Nam to carry some bags. He warned them to stay away from him. She advised him to phone the police. They invited me to have dinner with them. 5.5.2. We often report offers, promises and threats using the structure VERB + TO - INFINITIVE SPEAKER’S WORD REPORTED QUESTION ‘ Can I help you ?’ ‘ I’ll be careful.’ ‘ I’ll hit you’ The woman offered to help me. You promised to be careful. She threatened to hit me. 5.5.3. In negative orders, promises, etc. we use NOT TO + INFINITIVE. SPEAKER’S WORD REPORTED QUESTION ‘ Don’t touch my camera. ‘ He told me not to touch his camera. §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 22 ‘ I won’t be late. ‘ You promised not to be late. 6. Đảo ngữ ….. (INVERTED SUBJECT-VERB WORD ORDER WITH SPECIAL EXPRESSIONS AND IN CONDITIONAL SENTENCES) Ngoài 05 phần chính như đã hướng dẫn, trong thực tế ta còn thường hay gặp một hiện tượng khác trong các bài thi, đó là hiện tượng đảo ngữ hay hoán vị vị trí của chủ ngữ và vị ngữ trong trật tự câu tiếng Anh. The standard word order of the principal parts of English sentences is: SUBJECT + VERB (+ OBJECT and/or + COMPLEMENT) . The subject comes before the verb. The verb comes before its objects and/or before the complement of the sentence. - Lan is eating. S V - Lan is happy. S V Comp. - Lan is eating chocolate. S V dO However, this standard word order is not followed in all English sentences. In certain situations, inverted subject-verb word order is used. That is, the subject of a sentence is placed after the first helping verb or after BE. If there is no verb BE or if there is no helping verb, the helping verb DO is added as the first verb in the sentence. This inverted subject-verb word order is most common in direct questions, but it is also common in other situations. 6.1. After special expressions of location: - On the beach were five beach umbrellas. Expr. of loc. V S - Nowhere did he see her. Expr. of loc. first V S - First came a police car, then came an ambulance. 6.2. After special negatives (NO, NOT, and NEVER) and almost negative (HARDLY, RARELY, SCARCELY, NOT ONLY, NOT UNTIL, NOT ONCE, AT NO TIME, BY NO MEANS, BARELY, SELDOM, NO SOONER, etc.) expressions. - Never had I seen such a beautiful sight. Negative first V S 6.3. After ONLY, and/or expressions beginning with ONLY (ONLY IN (ON, AT, BY, etc. ), ONLY ONCE, ONLY RECENTLY, ONLY IF, ONLY UNTIL, ONLY WHEN, ONLY AFTER , etc. … - Only after he saw her did he understand everything. Almost Negative first V S - Only by asking questions, can you learn. NOTE : When the negative or almost negative expression is part of a subordinate clause, the subject and verb of the subordinate clause are not inverted. The subject and the verb of the main clause are inverted. 6.4. After the special expressions SO and NEITHER : §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 23 - So happy was she that she danced around the room. - I like coffee, and so did Nam . V S 6.5. In conditional sentences that do not begin with IF : - With IF : - If he had met you, he would have talked to you. S V - Without IF : - Had he met you, he would have talked to you. first V S §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 24 c : Reading comprehension (Đọc hiểu) 1. câu hỏi Trắc nghiệm (multiple choice) 1. He ........ me to go home. A. said B. spoke C. told D. talked 2. Would you turn the radio down, it's too ............ . A. loud B. strong C. powerful D. heavy 3. Don't wait for me. I've got to ............. a telephone call. A. do B. ring C. give D. make 4. If you're going to the airport by car, can you give me a ............ ? A. drive B. lift C. seat D. place 5. It's only five o'clock. I think your watch must be .......... . A. advanced B. quick C. rapid D. fast 6. I ......... drink tea for breakfast. A. ever B. once C. never D. neither 7. Can you tell me the ......... to the station? A. road B. direction C. distance D. way 8. Be ......... ! I can't hear what the teacher is saying. A. soft B. still C. quiet D. low 9. Oranges are much ......... apples. A. expensive than B. not expensive than C. expensive less than D. less expensive than 10. It was ......... bad weather that we could not go out. A. very B. so C. too D. such 11. I'm sorry ........ late. A. to be B. for being C. being D. I'm 12. My sister is busy ........ a letter. A. writing B. in writing C. at writing D. to write 13. I ........ ever go to the theatre. A. hardly B. rarely C. not D. sometimes 14. Many scientists are sure there is ........ on other planets. A. existence B. people C. creature D. life 15. ........ English, we find it very difficult, but very interesting. A. Learning B. To learn C. Learn D. Learned ----------------------------------------------------------------1. ........ terrible weather! A. What a B. What 2. I want to keep ........ . A. the room tidily C. the tidy room 3. They serve ........ in a Chinese restaurant. A. fried rice B. fry rice 4. The news is very ........ . A. surprised B. surprising 5. Would you please ............... so loudly. A. not speak B. don't speak 6. He looked very .................. when I told him the news. A. happily B. happy 7. She is ................. in history. A. interested B. interests 8. He walks ............... my house every morning. §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn C. How D. How a B. the room tidy D. the tidily room C. frying rice D. fries rice C. surprise D. a surprise C. to speak not D. not to speak C. happiness D. was happy C. interesting D. being interest 25 A. pass B. past C. passing D. to pass 9. They'll certainly come ........ them. A. when calling B. you're calling C. do you call D. if you call 10. The President then stood up and said a few words ........ to the visitors. A. to welcome B. of welcome C. for welcoming D. of welcomes 11. He hasn't ........ up his mind yet. A. found B. gone C. stood D. made 12. He's been in Bangkok ........ . A. for two weeks B. since two weeks C. in two weeks C. two weeks ago 13. They could reach the house ..... the road was flooded. A. whether B. although C. as if D. even 14. Have you finished your homework ........ ? A. still B. yet C. quite D. even 15. I've just been ......... to some pop music on the radio. A. hearing B. listening C. attending D. assisting 2. READING PASSAGES 2.1. GAP-FILLING : (Multiple Choice) Read the text below and choose the correct word for each space. For each question, circle the letter next to the correct word: THE FIRST WOMAN SCIENTIST Hypatia was (0) ………………. In Alexandria, in Egypt, in 370 A.D. For many centuries she was (1) ……………… only woman scientist t have a place in the history books. Hypatia’s father was director of Alexandria University, and he (2) ……………. sure his daughter had the best education available. This was unusual, as most women then had few (3) ……………… to study. After studying in Athens and Rome, Hypatia returned to Alexandria (4) …………. she began teaching mathematics. She soon became famous (5) ………….. her knowledge of new ideas. We had no copies of her books, (6) …………….. we know that she wrote several important mathematical works. Hypatia was also interested in technology and (7) …………………. several scientific tools to help with her work. At the (8) ……….... many rulers were afraid of science, and (9) …………… connected with it was in danger. One day in March 415, Hypatia (10) …………….. attacked in the street and killed. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2.2. A. born A. one A. could A. classes A. where A. from A. because A. did A. day A. anyone A. was B. begun B. the B. made B. customs B. how B. by B. but B. experimented B. period B. nobody B. had C. developed C. a C. said C. opportunities C. there C. for C. or C. invented C. year C. all C. has D. grown D. an D. put D. teachers D. which D. in D. as D. learnt D. time D. something D. is COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS Read the passage and answer the questions. §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 26 There are now more than two dozen Japanese companies in Tyne and Wear in the northeast of England. Many Japanese families now live there. Kimiko Kinoshita Wood came to Britain as a bride six years ago. 'There is much more freedom for women here,' she says. 'It is sometimes difficult for Japanese women to adjust.' For Kimiko, the change was easy because she is a translator and speak English fluently. Also, she has an English husband. 'Attitudes to women are very different,' she says. 'Japanese wives come to Britain and after a while they discover they can have a life of their own outside the home. They don't have that kind of freedom in Japan.' In Japan it is unusual to see men shopping with their wives, helping in the house, or babysitting. But Kimiko's husband, John, a shipping engineer, happily lends a hand with the children. John says that Japanese husbands soon adapt in Britain, and seem to relax more with their families. Education is one thing that worries Kimiko. In Japan, children go to school six days a week and work much harder than English children. Another complaint is that shops don't have many clothes for small women! QUESTIONS: 1. Why did Kimiko come to Britain? ........................................................................................................................... 2. What does she do? ........................................................................................................................... 3. Find one thing that she likes about Britain and one thing she doesn't like so much. ........................................................................................................................... 4. Why was the change easy for Kimiko ? ........................................................................................................................... 5. What is it unusual to see in Japan? ........................................................................................................................... 2.3. TRUE - FALSE TAKING CARE OF YOURSELF Whether or not a person has a happy life is largely a question of health and fitness. If we are not both physically and mentally healthy, we are not happy. A few people are lucky enough to have perfect health, but most of us get sick once in a while. The most common illness is a cold or the flu. Of course, there are many other kinds of illness. Diseases like chicken pox are usually common childhood diseases along with measles and the mumps, while malaria is found only in tropical countries. Also, people in areas with poor sanitation get diseases such as cholera, diphtheria, and typhoid. Cancer and AIDS are both in the news lately, but neither has a known cure. AIDS is a new disease, and prevention is extremely important. Individuals are responsible for making sure they understand the nature of this disease and for taking precautions not to get it. Cancer, which is widespread, is possibly caused at least in part by stress. Other likely causes of cancer are exposure to food additives, nicotine, and other toxic chemicals. Effective handling of stress and good self-awareness are necessary to be psychologically healthy. Alcohol dependency and drug dependency are diseases of both a mental and physical nature and are associated with the inability to deal with life and its problems. Modern urban life presents many health challenges. Large cities often have smog, which seriously harms the lungs. We often have little control over the quality of the air we breathe or the water we drink. Therefore, it is even more important for us to take care of ourselves in order to live a healthier and better life. NEW WORDS: 1. Chicken pox : bệnh thủy đậu 2. Measles : bệnh sởi 3. Mumps : bệnh quai bị 4. Malaria : bệnh sốt rét 5. Cholera : bệnh tả 6. Diphtheria : bệnh bạch hầu 7. Typhoid : bệnh thương hàn 8. Sanitation : vệ sinh §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 27 TRUE-FALSE : Mark the following True (T) or False (F). T 1 There is a cure for cancer. 2 A healthy person is usually a happy person. X 3 Stress is one possible cause of cancer. X 4 Good health means that a person is only physically healthy. 5 Alcohol dependency has both physical and mental causes. 6 Malaria is a common childhood disease. F X X X X 2.4. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Rainforests circle the globe for twenty degrees of latitude on both sides of the equator. In that relatively narrow band of the planet, more than half of all the species of plants and animals in the world make their homes. Several hundred different varieties of trees may grow in a single acre, and just one of those trees may be the habitat for more than ten thousand kinds of spiders, ants, and other insects. Unfortunately, half of the world’s rainforests have already been destroyed, and at the current rate, another 25 percent will be lost by the year 2005. Every sixty seconds, one hundred acres of rainforest is being cleared. By the time you finish reading this passage, two hundred acres will be destroyed! When this happens, constant rains erode the former forest floor, and the ecology of the region is altered forever. Thousands of species of plants and animals are condemned to extinction and, since we aren’t able to predict the ramifications of this loss to a delicate global ecology, we don’t know what we may be doing to the future of the human species as well. 1. According to the passage, more than half of all the species of plants and animals A. live in twenty rainforests. B. live in several hundred different varieties of trees. C. live in a forty-degree band of latitude. D. live in areas where the rainforest has been cleared. 2. What is the meaning of the word ‘just’ in line 4? A. fairly B. only C. correctly D. precisely 3. How many of the world’s rainforests are projected to be destroyed if the current rate continues? A. All of them will be gone by the year 2005. B. Three-quarters of them will be gone by the year 2005. C. Half of them will be gone by the year 2005. D. One-quarter of them will be gone by the year 2005. 4. What is the current rate of destruction? A. One acre per minute. B. One acre per second. C. One hundred acres per minute. D. Two hundred acres per hour. 5. What will NOT happen if the rainforest continues to be cleared? A. The land will be eroded by the rains. §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 28 B. Many species of plants and animals that depend on the rain forests will become extinct. C. The future of the human species may be changed. D. The rainforest will grow, but at a much slower rate. 2.5. READING – GAP-FILLING : 2.5.1. Fill each of the numbered spaces with a suitable word. One word only is required in each space. consists litter spaces enabling necessary where except normal which ideal piles without involves preserve keeping provide for Conservation is the protection and wise management of the environment. People practice conservation so that the environment .. PROVIDE FOR……. (1) their needs and the needs of all other living things. … WITHOUT… (2) conservation, all the resources …… NECESSARY ..… (3) for life – air, animals, energy, minerals, plants, soil, and water - would be damaged, wasted, or destroyed. Conservation also … INVOLVES … (4) a concern for the quality of the environment, so that people can enjoy living. It means … KEEPING … (5) the environment comfortable and safe - and in interesting, stimulating place in … WHICH …… (6) to live. A healthy environment includes clean streets and highways, with open … SPACES … (7) in cities for parks and playgrounds. … IDEAL … (8) surroundings mean landscapes free of junk and … LITTER … (9). They include wilderness regions … WHERE …… (10) animals and plants can be safe from destruction by human beings. 2.5.2. Tourism has become very big .................... (1). For Spain, Italy and Greece it is the largest …………........ (2) of foreign exchange, and ........................ (3) for Britain, it is the fourth. Faced ..................... (4) this huge new source of income, …………...... (5) government can afford to look down on the business; questions of hotel bathrooms, beach umbrellas and ice-cream sales are .................. (6) discussed by ministers of tourism with solemn expertise. Before the Second World War the tourist industry was widely ...................... (7) as being unmanly and frivolous. But tourism .................. (8) blazed new trails, as armies ...................... (9) to do; in Spain, Italy, Greece and much of Eastern Europe, new ................... (10) systems have opened up the country, ……………….. (11) to tourists, and then to industry and locals. .................... (12) of tourism is a nationalized industry, a key ……………..... (13) of national planning. In Languedoc, west …………....... (14) Marseilles, the French government is killing the mosquitoes and building six big resorts, to ……………....... (15) nearly a million tourists. In Eastern Europe, a .................... (16) new seaside culture has sprung up ……………………… (17) the last few years: the governments are patrons of leisure. Tourists from the west ...................... (18) from half a million four years ……………….... (19) to nearly two million last year - ......................... (20) most visible breach in the iron curtain. Phần D : WRITING (VIếT) 1. Dựng câu có hướng dẫn (Guided Sentence Building) §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 29 1. We / visit / College / found / 1890. ..................................................................................................... 2. When / phone / ring / she / write / letter. ...................................................................................................... 3. I / arrive / Paris / but / I / not be able / find / your house. ......................................................................................................... 4. I / wonder / why you / not / reply / last / letter. ................................................................................................................ 5. Remember / you / stay / me / any time / want / Paris. .............................................................................................................. 6. The play / be / dull / he / fall / asleep. .............................................................................................................. 7. Next time / I / book / seat / plane. ............................................................................................................. 8. When we / be / far apart / he / always / send me flowers. ............................................................................................................. 9. Would you / like / me / take / flowers / your girl? ............................................................................................................... 10. I / wish / I / be / nicer / my parents / when I / be / younger. ............................................................................................................. 2. Viết lại câu (Re-writing/ sentence transformation) Finish each of the following sentences so that it means exactly the same as the sentence above it. EXAMPLE: During the course of his studies, he became ill. ANSWER: While he was studying, he became ill. 1. I didn't know you were coming, so I didn't wait for you.  If … I had known you were comimg, I would have waited for you. 2. She had hardly begun to speak before people started interrupting her.  Hardly... had she begun to speak when/ before people started interrupting her. 3. I'm sorry now that I asked her to stay.  Now I wish ... I had not asked her to stay. 4. You will only be able to find the answers when you have read the report in detail.  Only .... when you have read the report in detai lwill you be able to find the answers. 5. It took a long time for them to decide to get married.  They ... decided to get married after a long time. 6. He is a man of extreme honesty.  He is extremely honest . 7. If you had not helped, I should not have been able to find my way.  Without .... your help, I should not have been able to find my way. 8. I do physical training because I want to keep fit.  I do physical training in ... order to keep fit. 9. The sea was so cold that we couldn't swim.  The sea was too ... cold for us to swim . 10. It hasn't rained here for a month. §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 30  It last ... rained here a month ago . Chú ý : Các cấu trúc chủ yếu sử dụng trong phần viết sẽ có hướng dẫn riêng bằng POWER POINT. Phần E : translation (Dịch) Bài thi sẽ có 10 câu dịch : 05 câu từ tiếng Anh sang tiếng Việt và 05 câu từ tiếng Việt sang tiếng Anh. Các câu dịch sẽ sử dụng phần lớn các từ, cấu trúc đã hướng dẫn trong phần Đọc hiểu, Ngữ pháp và phần Viết. §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 31 bộ giáo dục và đào tạo trờng Đại học nông nghiệp I  đề thi tuyển sinh sau đại học năm 2005 Môn thi : tiếng Anh, Đề Số 301 Thời gian làm bài : 120 phút Họ và tên thí sinh : Ngày tháng năm sinh : Nơi sinh : Số báo danh : Ngày thi : Chữ ký Giám thị 1  Chữ ký Giám thị 2 Số phách ================================================ Bằng số Part I: 07/5/2005 Điểm Bằng chữ Số phách reading SECTION A: Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence by circling the letter next to the word that best fits each space. Give one answer only to each question. (15 điểm, mỗi câu 1 điểm) 1. Can you ................ the papers with you when you come to see me, please ? A. bring B. collect C. take D. get 2. I don't feel well - but I don't know what's matter .................. me. A. of B. for C. to D. with 3. It is too early in the .................. to expect many visitors to the town. A. term B. season C. time D. calendar 4. If you're not tired we could have a ................. of tennis after dinner. A. match B. play C. game 5. She can't get home ............... she has no money. A. unless B. if C. until §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn D. party D. without 32 6. The water company will have to ................. off water supplies while repairs to the pipes are carried out. A. cut B. take C. break D. set 7. Can you tell me the ................. of these shoes ? A. charge B. price C. amount D. expense 8. .............. accepting your job offer, I'd like to know a bit more about the company. A. In advance B. In order C. Until D. Before 9. If you wish to take photographs you'll have to have ....................... . A. an application B. an allowance C. a permit D. an admission 10. ................. is a complete mystery how they ever got there in that car. A. There B. It C. That D. This 11. Come ............... children! Get your coats on or you'll be late for school. A. to B. across C. along D. over 12. She tried to prevent the dog ............. running into the road. A. from B. to C. against D. for 13. My main .................. to the new road is that it will spoil the countryside. A. object B. objection C. objective D. objecting 14. You'd better leave for the airport now ............... there's a lot of traffic on the way. A. in fact B. in time C. in order D. in case 15. Because it had not rained for several months, there was a ............... of water. A. shortage B. drop C. scarce D. waste SECTION B: Passage 1: reading passages Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow: (7,5 điểm, mỗi câu 1,5 điểm) THE EFECTS OF TSUNAMI On December twenty-sixth last year, a powerful earthquake sent waves across southern Asia and eastern Africa. At least one hundred sixty thousand people in eleven countries were killed. Many more lost their homes. Indonesia, Sri Lanka and Thailand suffered the most damage. Many health officials warned about the possible spread of diseases after the tsunami waves (sóng thần) in the Indian Ocean in December. W.H.O. officials say international efforts to provide clean water have helped limit the spread of infections. So have shipments of medicine and mosquitocontrol supplies. But the W.H.O. says people are still at great risk of diseases such as cholera (bệnh tả), malaria and dengue fever (sốt xuất huyết). Dengue fever and malaria are spread by the bite of mosquitoes. Cholera is an intestinal infection (bệnh đường ruột) spread through water polluted with bacteria. Another big concern involves the emotional condition of tsunami survivors. Experts say stress-related disorders such as fear or depression can continue for several years if people do not get help. COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS Answer the following questions: 16. What happened on December the twenty-sixth last year? §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 33 (On December the twenty-sixth last year,) a powerful earthquake sent waves across southern Asia and eastern Africa. 17. What were the losses? At least one hundred sixty thousand people in eleven countries were killed. Many more lost their homes. 18. What are international efforts for? International efforts are to provide clean water to limit the spread of infections. 19. How are the diseases spread in the tsunami-hit areas? Dengue fever and malaria are spread by the bite of mosquitoes. Cholera is spread through water polluted with bacteria. 20. What is the emotional condition of tsunami survivors? They suffer from stress-related disorders such as fear or depression. Passage 2 : Read the article below and circle the letter next to the word that fits each space. EXAMPLE: The reception desk is on the ground ……………….. . A. level B. side C. area floor D . SAMUEL PEPYS (10 điểm, mỗi câu 1 điểm) The most famous diary in English was written by Samuel Pepys. It gives a detailed and interesting (21) …………. of everyday life in England (22) ……………. 1660 and 1669. Pepys writes about important news stories of the time, like disease, an enemy nay (23) …………….. up the River Thames and the Great Fire of London. He also writes about himself, even about his (24) ……………….. – he often slept during church or (25) ………………… at the pretty girls. He describes his home life – a (26) ………………. With his wife and how they became friends again, his worry about her illness. As well as books, he liked music, the theatre, card (27) ……………. , and parties with good and (28) ……………….. of fun. Pepys was a busy man who had many important (29) ……………… - he was Member of Parliament and President of the Royal Society. He is also (30) ………………. For his work for the British Navy. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. A. description B. letter C. notice D. story A. between B. from C. through D. to A. driving B. flying C. running D. sailing A. accidents B. plans C. dreams D. faults A. looked B. prayed C. talked D. thought A. conversation B. discussion C. quarrel D. talkA. battles B. games C. matches D. plays A. amount B. plenty C. much D. some A. acts B. hobbies C. jobs D. studies A. reviewed B. remembered C. reminded D. reported §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 34 Passage 3: Read the following passage and look at Questions 31-35 then decide whetherthe statements are True (T) or False (F) by marking the right box with a tick (  ). (7,5 điểm, mỗi câu 1,5 điểm) When two people each have goods the other wants, they can make a simple trade in a transaction known as battering (trao đổi hàng húa). Indeed, this is how people and even countries conducted business for many years. Because this system was not entirely satisfactory, banks and governments began to make coins which served as an exchangeable equivalent for these goods and services. The earliest coins were made of precious metals such as silver and gold. The value of these metals was fixed and agreed upon internationally. A gold standard was established, and most international payments were made in gold. The United States abolished the gold standard in 1934. After World War II, a new international monetary system was established True 31 The passage establishes that the existence of gold has been known for a long time. 32 The passage establishes that battering is not practiced today at all. x 33 The passage implies that gold and silver are not the only metals considered to be precious. x 34 The passage implies that coins from gold and silver preceded coins made from other metals. x 35 The passage implies that World War II had something to do with why the gold standard was dropped. False x x Passage 4: Read the following passage and choose the right answer by circling the suitable letter A,B,C, or D in the Questions 36-40. DRINKING TEA (5 điểm, mỗi câu 1 điểm) All around the world, people drink tea. But tea does not mean the same thing to everyone. In different countries people have very different ideas about drinking tea. In China for example, tea is always served when people get together. The Chinese drink it at any time of day, at home or in teahouses. They prefer their tea plain, with nothing else in it. Tea is also important in Japan. The Japanese have a special way of serving tea called a tea ceremony. It is very old and full of meaning. Everything must be done in a special way in the ceremony. There is even a special room for it in Japanese homes. Another drinking country is England. In England, the late afternoon is “teatime”. Almost everyone has a cup of tea then. The English usually make tea in a teapot and drink it with cream and sugar. They also eat cakes, cookies and little sandwiches at teatime. In the United States, people drink tea mostly for breakfast or after meals. Americans usually use tea bags to make their tea. Tea bags are faster and easier than making tea in teapots. In summer, many Americans drink cold tea – “iced tea”. They sometimes drink iced tea from cans, like soda. 36. This passage is about A. Chinese tea C. English teatime B. how tea is important D. different ways of drinking tea in different §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn countries 35 37. The Chinese drink tea A. for breakfast B. in a special ceremony C. when they get together D. only in teahouses 38. The tea ceremony is A. kind of Japanese tea B. a special way of serving tea in Japan C. kind of restaurant D. special time of the afternoon 39. Teatime in England is A. in the evening C. after dinner B. in the morning D. in the afternoon 40. Americans usually A. make tea in teapots B. drink tea in restaurants C. make tea from tea bags D. do not drink tea SECTION C: GAP-FILLING Choose the correct word or phrase from the list below to fill each of the numbered blanks in the passage. (10 điểm, mỗi câu 1 điểm) by smoking members of because can to smoke cigarettes nicotine on membership each must there tobacco SMOKING ..... Experts say tobacco smoke also affects the health of (41) .. PEOPLE... who do not smoke. Smokers may harm the health of family (42) ... MEMBERS .. and people at work. Tobacco smoke causes an estimated three-thousand non-smoking Americans to die (43) .... OF .... lung cancer each year. Tobacco smoke also causes lung infections in as many as three-hundred-thousand American children (44) ... EACH... year. The American Cancer Society says (45) .. THERE... is no safe way to smoke. It says (46) ...SMOKING ... begins to cause damage immediately. All cigarettes (47) ... CAN ... damage the body. Smoking even a small number of cigarettes is dangerous. Nicotine is the major substance in (48) .. CIGARETTES ... that gives pleasure to smokers. (49) ... NOCOTINE ... is a poison. The American Cancer Society says nicotine can kill a person when taken in large amounts. It does this (50) ... BY ... stopping the muscles used for breathing. Part II: SECTION D: writing GUIDED SENTENCE BUILDING (15 điểm, mỗi câu 1 điểm) Make all the changes and additions necessary to produce complete sentences. Write each sentence in the space provided: EXAMPLE: ANSWER: I/be very surprised/receive/letter/you/this morning  I was very surprised to receive a letter from you this morning §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 36 51. Weather/play/important/role/agriculture/production.  The weather plays an important role in agricultural production. 52. Acupuncture (châm cứu)/ probably/help/give up/smoking.  Acupuncture can probably help give up smoking . 53. There/be/no rain/past/three weeks.  There has been no rain for/in the past three weeks. 54. Never/I/do/such/foolish thing/my life.  Never have I done such a foolish thing in my life . 55. It/ take/ I / two /week/ complete/ essay .  It took me two weeks to complete the essay. 56. If/ not/ rain/ last / weekend/ we/ go/ the sea.  If it had not rained last weekend we would have gone to the sea. 57. I/ prefer/ you/ not/ smoke/ classroom .  I prefer you not to smoke in the classroom. 58. It/ be/ necessary/he/ stop/ watch/ television/ all/ day.  It is necessary for him to stop watching television all day. 59. Although/she/ work/ hard/ she /fail/ exam.  Although she (had) worked hard, she failed at the exam. 60. Unless/ he/ apologize/ we/ never/ invite/ he/ our party.  Unless he apologizes, we will never invite him to our party. SECTION E: RE-WRITING (15 điểm, mỗi câu 1,5 điểm) Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it. EXAMPLE: They'll do the job by Friday. ANSWER: The job will be done by Friday. 61. He was driving so fast that he was stopped by the police.  The police stopped him as he was driving so/too fast. / .... for driving too fast. 62. The holiday is so expensive. I don’t think I can go.  It’s such an expensive holiday that we cannot go. 63. Lan is a better cook than Tâm. §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 37  Tâm can’t 64. cook as well as Lan. I am grateful that you have sent me the book.  Thank you for having sent me the book. 65. Please, do not smoke in the plane.  Passengers are requested not to smoke in the plane. 66. I haven’t gone to the theatre for two years.  The last time 67. I went to the theatre was two years ago. Nam asked Bắc how long Bắc had worked as a teacher at the University.  “How long have you worked as a teacher at the University, Bắc ?’”, Nam asked . 68. Although it was raining heavily, we still went for a picnic.  In spite of the rain we still went for a picnic. 69. Nam is too young to see action films.  Nam is not old/mature enough to see action films . 70. The question was so confusing that she could not give the right answer .  The question was too confusing for her to give the right answer . §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 38 Section F: translation (15 điểm, mỗi câu 1,5 điểm) English - Vietnamese : 71. For many years, scientists have warned that smoking tobacco is bad for your health. Yet people around the world continue to smoke.. Từ nhiều năm nay, các nhà khoa học đã cảnh báo rằng hút thuốc có hại cho sức khỏe. Tuy nhiên, nhiều người trên thế giới vẫn tiếp tục hút thuốc. 72. A new study suggests that very young children who watch a lot of television may have attention problems later in school. Một công trình nghiên cứu mới nêu lên là trẻ em còn ít tuổi mà xem vô tuyến nhiều thì sau này khi đi học có thể sẽ gặp vấn đề thiếu tập trung/ gặp khó khăn khi tập trung nghe giảng. 73. Important rice growing areas of Sri Lanka were also hit hard by the tsunami waves. Những khu vực trồng lúa quan trọng ở Sri Lanka cũng bị sóng thần tàn phá nặng nề/ cũng bị thiệt hại nặng trong đợt sóng thần. 74. Scientists say many of the areas where the environment is most quickly being damaged are among the world’s poorest areas. . Các nhà khoa học nói rằng các khu vực nơi môi trường đang bị phá hoại nhanh nằm trong số những khu vực nghèo nhất trên thế giới. 75. Modern agriculture depends heavily on engineering and technology and on the biological and physical sciences. Nông nghiệp hiện đại lệ thuộc nhiều vào ngành cơ khí và công nghệ và vào các ngành khoa học vật lý và sinh học. Vietnamese - English 76. Liên hợp quốc quyết định lấy ngày 22 tháng Ba là Ngày Thế giới về Nước. The United Nations decided March the Twenty-second the World Water Day. 77. Tổ chức Y tế Thế giới đang kêu gọi các chính phủ cần cố gắng hơn nữa để kiểm soát bệnh cúm gà The World Health Organization are calling on governments for more/further efforts to control the bird flu. 78. Bỏ hẳn thuốc lá không phải là chuyện dễ It is not easy to stop/to give up smoking permanently. 79. Gạo, thực phẩm chính ở Việt Nam, một thời đã phải nhập khẩu, nhưng nay lại được xuất khẩu. Rice, the main food in Vietnam, was once imported but is now exported. 80. Hiện nay trên thế giới có khoảng một tỉ người không được dùng nước sạch. About one billion people in the world/worldwide are currently/now living without safe drinking water. The End bộ giáo dục và đào tạo §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 39 trờng Đại học nông nghiệp I  đề thi tuyển sinh sau đại học năm 2005 Môn thi : tiếng Anh, Đề Số 303 Thời gian làm bài : 120 phút Họ và tên thí sinh : Ngày tháng năm sinh : Nơi sinh : Số báo danh : Ngày thi : Chữ ký Giám thị 1  Chữ ký Giám thị 2 Số phách ======================================== Bằng số Part I: 07/5/2005 Điểm Bằng chữ Số phách reading SECTION A: Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence by circling the letter next to the word that best fits each space. Give one answer only to each question. (15 điểm, mỗi câu 1 điểm) 1. My brother is busy ………….. his exercises. A. doing B. in doing C. at writing D. to write 2. She ……………….. for a job for months before she found one. A. was looking B. looked C. would have been looking D. had been looking 3. If they had enough money, they ……………… that house. A. would buy B. will buy C. bought 4. I must go to the laundry and ………………….. my washing. A. bring B. clean C. collect 5. My brother did not go to school yesterday. Neither …………… . A. went I B. did I C. I did §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn D. buy D. carry D. I went 40 6. “When did you come here?” - “ I ……………… here since last Sunday.” A. have been B. was C. have D. had been 7. We did not go to the cinema yesterday ………………… it was raining. A. if B. unless C. for D. because 8. Students should answer five of the …………………. ten questions. A. below B. following C. under D. added 9. Those people are working ………………… . A. hard B. hardly C. hardily D. hardness 10. Did he tell you how much ……………………. ? A. does the book cost C. the book costs B. did the book cost D. the book cost 11. We shall have to hurry or we shall ………………. the bus. A. catch B. delay C. miss D. wait 12. ……………….. all his problems, he never allowed himself to lose heart. A. As for B. Despite C. Nevertheless D. Granted 13. This is the best play …………………. I have ever seen. A. where B. what C. when D. that 14. She did not ………………. the gift. She turned it down. A. except B. accept C. expect D. excerpt 15. It was ………………….. bad weather that we could not go out. A. very B. so C. too D. such SECTION B: reading passages Passage 1: Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow: THE EFECTS OF TSUNAMI (5 điểm, mỗi câu 1 điểm) On December twenty-sixth last year, a powerful earthquake sent waves across southern Asia and eastern Africa. At least one hundred sixty thousand people in eleven countries were killed. Many more lost their homes. Indonesia, Sri Lanka and Thailand suffered the most damage. Many health officials warned about the possible spread of diseases after the tsunami waves (sóng thần) in the Indian Ocean in December. W.H.O. officials say international efforts to provide clean water have helped limit the spread of infections. So have shipments of medicine and mosquito-control supplies. But the W.H.O. says people are still at great risk of diseases such as cholera (bệnh tả), malaria and dengue fever (sốt xuất huyết). Dengue fever and malaria are spread by the bite of mosquitoes. Cholera is an intestinal infection (bệnh đường ruột) spread through water polluted with bacteria. Another big concern involves the emotional condition of tsunami survivors. Experts say stress-related disorders such as fear or depression can continue for several years if people do not get help. §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 41 COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS Answer the following questions: 16. What happened on December the twenty-sixth last year? (On December the twenty-sixth last year,) a powerful earthquake sent waves across southern Asia and eastern Africa. 17. What were the losses? At least one hundred sixty thousand people in eleven countries were killed. Many more lost their homes. 18. What are international efforts for? International efforts are to provide clean water to limit the spread of infections. 19. How are the diseases spread in the tsunami-hit areas? Dengue fever and malaria are spread by the bite of mosquitoes. Cholera is spread through water polluted with bacteria. 20. What is the emotional condition of tsunami survivors? They suffer from stress-related disorders such as fear or depression Passage 2 : Read the passage below and circle the letter next to the word that best fits each space : (10 điểm, mỗi câu 1 điểm) Read the article below and circle the letter next to the word that fits each space. EXAMPLE: The …………….. between the acts was twenty minutes long. A. time B interval . C. space D. pause “The Moon Trap” is a new film made by a young Canadian (21) …………… called Melvin Strang. The main parts in the film are (22) ………………. by Sid Cheung and Julie Plein who last appeared in “Music For Ever”. In this new film (23) ………………….. star as a young married couple who buy an old house in the country. After living there (24) ……………………. A few weeks strange things begin to happen. Some of the furniture in the house disappears and can’t be (25) ………………. ; windows break and pictures fall off walls. At night they (26) …………………….. crying noises, and when the moon is up loud screams can be heard from the woods nearby. As you might expect, the young couple try to discover the (27) …………………. For all these strange events and this leads them into some very frightening situations. (28) ………………… you are easily scared don’t go and see this film! But if you enjoy films with (29) ………………… of adventure and murder (30) ……………….. this is the film for you. 21. A. actor B. leader C. director D. manager 22. A. played B. given C. made D. put 23. A. the B. they C. she D. them 24. A. since B. from C. for D. by 25. A. taken B. moved C. made D. found 26. A. hear B. make C. seem D. sound §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 42 27. 28. 29. 30. A. way A. Why A. lots A. as Passage 3 : B. course B. If B. much B. when C. reason C. How C. many C. than D. use D. Because D. all D. then Read the following text and look at Questions 31-40 to decide if each statement is TRUE or FALSE. (10 điểm, mỗi câu 1 điểm) SELECTIVE REFLECTION (pHảN Xạ/CHIếU CHọN LọC) We can see an object only when a light shines on it. The surface of a particular object will absorb some of this light’s wavelengths (bước súng) and reflect others. This process is known as selective reflection. The colour we see is the colour that is reflected. To illustrate this, let us consider the colours of a tree. The leaves appear green because all other wavelengths of the light hitting them are absorbed (hấp thụ). The trunk of a tree appears brown because brown is the only wavelength which is reflected. The only two colours we see that are not the product of selective reflection are black and white. When a surface absorbs all the wavelengths of a light source, that surface appears black. When it absorbs none, it appears white. True 31 The passage defines wavelengths. 32 The passage explains why some surfaces absorb certain wavelengths and reflects others. x 33 The word “selective” implies that only some wavelengths are reflected. x 34 Leaves look green to us because this colour is absorbed while all others are reflected. 35 The trunk of a tree appears brown because this colour is reflected. 36 White does not reflect light selectively; it reflects all lightwaves. 37 An object will appear black because no wavelengths are reflected. x 38 An object will appear white when all the colours from a light source are reflected from that object’s surface. x 39 The six basic colours: red, orange, yellow, green, blue and violet are probably all subject to the selective reflection process. x 40 The page of this Test Paper reflects all the light that is shining on it, but the words on the page absorb all the light. x False x x x x Passage 4: Read the following passage and choose the right answer by circling the suitable letter A,B,C, or D space in the Questions 41-45. §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 43 THE NOBEL PRIZE (5 điểm, mỗi câu 1 điểm) After inventing dynamite, Swedish-born Alfred Nobel became a very rich man. However, he foresaw its universally destructive power too late. Nobel preferred not to be remembered as the inventor of dynamite, so in 1895, just two weeks before his death, he created a fund to be used for awarding prizes to people who had made worthwhile contributions to mankind. Originally there were five awards: literature, physics, chemistry, medicine, and peace. Economics was added in 1968, just sixty-seven years after the first awards ceremony. Nobel’s original legacy of nine million dollars was invested, and the interest on this sum is used for the awards which vary from $30,000 to $125,000. Every year on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel’s death, the awards (gold medal, illuminated diplomas, and money) are presented to the winners. Sometimes politics plays an important role in the judges’ decisions. Americans have won numerous science awards, but relatively few literature prizes. No awards were presented from 1940 to 1942 at the beginning of World War II. Some people have won two prizes, but this rare; others have shared their prizes. 41. When did the first award ceremony take place? A. 1895 B. 1901 C. 1962 D. 1968 42. Why was the Nobel Prize established? A. to recognize worthwhile contributions to humanity. B. to resolve political differences. C. to honour the inventor of dynamite. D. to spend money. 43. Which area have Americans received the most awards? A. literature B. peace C. economics D. science 44. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Awards vary in monetary value. B. Ceremonies are held on December 10 to commemorate Nobel’s invention. C. Politics can play an important role in selecting the winners. D. A few individuals have won two awards. 45. In how many fields are prizes bestowed? A. 2 B. 5 C. 6 SECTION C: (10 điểm, mỗi câu 1 điểm) GAP-FILLING D. 10 Choose the correct word or phrase for each space from the list below. THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE FOR ACTION WATER FOR LIFE 2005–2015 Tuesday, March 22, marked World Water Day, and (46) ....PEOPLE.... around the world participated in many special activities. Events (47) .... THIS ... year included an art competition in Brunei, a walkathon in Canada, training (48) .. FOR... teachers and workshops in India, a showing of water films in Indonesia and a gathering of students at a lake in Italy. This year, World Water Day launches the United Nations (49) .. INTERNATIONAL ... Decade for Action under the motto "Water for Life". The first water decade, designated by the United Nations from 1981-1990, brought (50) .. WATER ... to more than one billion people and sanitation to almost 770 million. §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 44 The (51) . DECADE... between 2005 and 2015 are critical years to focus global attention on what should be obvious: water for (52) ... LIFE ... . Apart from demonstrating your personal commitment to organizing events around World Water Day, it is going to be vital to make 2005 and leading up to 2015 remarkable years in ensuring (53) ... THAT ... everyone is aware of the urgency of the goals to (54) .. BE ... achieved. Every event and every voice on (55) ... EVERY .... occasion will be vital in ensuring new energy and commitment to turning the tide on a situation we can no longer abide. Part II: SECTION D: writing GUIDED SENTENCE BUILDING (15 điểm, mỗi câu 1,5 điểm) Make all the changes and additions necessary to produce complete sentences. Write each sentence in the space provided: EXAMPLE: ANSWER: I/be very surprised/receive/letter/you/this morning  I was very surprised to receive a letter from you this morning 56. It/ be/ difficult/ read / your/ handwriting.  It is difficult to read your handwriting . 57. I/ be/ sorry/ keep/ you/ wait. You/ wait / I / long ?  I am sorry to keep you waiting. Have you been waiting for me long? 58. We/ find/ it / hard / understand / spoken English.  We find it hard to understand spoken English . 59. We / watch / television / light / go out.  We were watching television when the light went out. 60. We / finish / assignment / by / time / teacher / come / tomorrow.  We will have finished our assignment by the time the teacher comes tomorrow. 61. They / go / sea / last week/ but / they / not / swim/ it / be /too/ cold.  They went to the sea last week but they did not swim as it as too cold. 62. Tâm/ miss /the flight / because / he / car / break down/ way/ airport.  Tâm missed the flight because his car broke/had broken down on the way to the airport. 63. He / ask / we / language / we / speak.  He asked us what/which language we spoke. 64. Unless / he/ apologize/ we / never/ forgive/ he.  Unless he apologies we will never forgive him. 65. Hardly/ they/ talk/ he / he/ arrive.  Hardly had they talked about him when he arrived. SECTION E: RE-WRITING §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn (15 điểm, mỗi câu 1,5 điểm) 45 Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it. EXAMPLE: They'll do the job by Friday. ANSWER: The job will be done by Friday. 66. I haven't been to see them for over a year.  It's over a year since we (last) saw them. 67. She had hardly begun to speak before people started interrupting her.  Hardly had she begun to speak when people started interrupting her . 68. I only realized what I had missed when they told me about it later.  Only when they told me about it later did I realize what I had missed. 69. There was no need for you to have gone to all that trouble.  You needn’t have gone to all that trouble. 70. The garden is too small to play football in.  The garden isn’t large/big enough to play football in. 71. Smoking tobacco is the leading cause of lung disease.  It is said/believed that smoking tobacco is the leading cause of lung disease . 72. People can raise sheep for their meat.  Sheep can be raised for (their) meat. 73. If we can solve the problem soon, it will be better for all concerned.  The sooner we can solve the problem, the better it will be for all concerned. 74. When did you start working here?  How long ago did you start working here? 75. He speaks English more fluently than his brother.  He is a fluenter speaker of English than his brother. Section F: translation (15 điểm, mỗi câu 1,5 điểm) English - Vietnamese : 76. March 22 marks the annual observance of U.N. World Water Day and the beginning of a U.N decade of action called "Water for Life."  Ngày 22 tháng Ba được tổ chức hàng năm là ngàyThế giới về Nước của Liên hợp quốc và mở đầu cho một thập kỷ hành động của Liên hợp quốc lấy tên là “Nước cho sự sống”. 77. The Food and Agriculture Organization has estimated that two million people in twelve countries in southern Asia and eastern Africa will need food aid after the tsunami waves.  Tổ chức Nông Lương đã dự báo sau trận sóng thần hai triệu người dân ở 12 quốc gia Nam á và Đông Phi sẽ cần viện trợ lương thực. 78. Southeast Asian meals typically are served with all dishes placed on the table at once, rather than sequenced in courses.  Các bữa ăn ở các quốc gia Đông Nam á thường được dọn với tất cả món ăn bầy cùng một lỳc trên bàn, chứ không đưa ra lần lượt từng món. 79. Some plants provide food and protection for insects that help control harmful insects. §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 46  Một số loài cây cung cấp thức ăn và che chở cho những côn trùng giúp ta kiểm soát các côn trùng có hại/ sâu hại. 80. Scientists have found that sixty percent of the world’s ecosystems are being harmed by human actions. These include fishing too much and clearing land to grow crops.  Các nhà khoa học nhận thấy 60% hệ sinh thái trên thế giới đang bị hủy hoại bởi hành động của con người. Những hành động này bao gồm việc đánh bắt cá quá mức và phát quang đất để trồng trọt/canh tác. Vietnamese - English 81. Các nước Châu á sản xuất khoảng 90% lượng gạo trên thế giới..  Asian countries produce about 90 percent of the rice grown in the world. 82. Liên hợp quốc nói rằng cần có hành động để ngăn chặn việc hủy hoại môi trường.  The United Nations says action is needed to prevent damage to the environment. 83. An toàn thực phẩm hiện đang là một vấn đề bức xúc ở Việt Nam.  Food safety/security is currently/ at present an urgent/ a pressing problem in Vietnam. 84. Đã có báo cáo về một số trường hợp vi-rút cúm gà lan từ người này sang người khác.  There have already been reports of a number of cases where the bird flu virus spread from one person to another. 85. Người ta tin là trận động đất mạnh ở Nam á và Đông Phi tháng 12 năm ngoái đã khiến trên một trăm ngàn người bị thiệt mạng.  It is believed that the powerful earthquake in/across southern Asia and eastern Africa last December caused the deaths of more than one hundred thousand people. The End §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp. Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 47 [...]... đã hướng dẫn trong phần Đọc hiểu, Ngữ pháp và phần Viết §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 31 bộ giáo dục và đào tạo trờng Đại học nông nghiệp I  đề thi tuyển sinh sau đại học năm 2005 Môn thi : tiếng Anh, Đề Số 301 Thời gian làm bài : 120 phút Họ và tên thí sinh : Ngày tháng năm sinh : Nơi sinh : Số báo danh : Ngày thi : Chữ ký Giám thị 1  Chữ ký Giám thị 2 Số phách ================================================... dÉn «n tËp Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 30  It last rained here a month ago Chú ý : Các cấu trúc chủ yếu sử dụng trong phần viết sẽ có hướng dẫn riêng bằng POWER POINT Phần E : translation (Dịch) Bài thi sẽ có 10 câu dịch : 05 câu từ tiếng Anh sang tiếng Việt và 05 câu từ tiếng Việt sang tiếng Anh Các câu dịch sẽ sử dụng phần lớn các từ, cấu trúc đã hướng dẫn trong phần Đọc hiểu, Ngữ pháp và phần Viết §Ò... dạng không chia của động từ: 3.1 Danh động từ và động từ nguyên thể (GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES ) 3.1.1 Gerunds and infinitives occur in many English sentences Infinitives can function as nouns, adverbs, and adjectives Gerunds function only as nouns - Smiling is good for you Gerund (noun) - You like to smile Infinitive (noun) - The thing to do is to pass the exam §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp Thi cao hoc Anh Văn... dÉn «n tËp Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 22 ‘ I won’t be late ‘ You promised not to be late 6 Đảo ngữ … (INVERTED SUBJECT-VERB WORD ORDER WITH SPECIAL EXPRESSIONS AND IN CONDITIONAL SENTENCES) Ngoài 05 phần chính như đã hướng dẫn, trong thực tế ta còn thường hay gặp một hiện tượng khác trong các bài thi, đó là hiện tượng đảo ngữ hay hoán vị vị trí của chủ ngữ và vị ngữ trong trật tự câu tiếng Anh The standard... NEITHER : §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 23 - So happy was she that she danced around the room - I like coffee, and so did Nam V S 6.5 In conditional sentences that do not begin with IF : - With IF : - If he had met you, he would have talked to you S V - Without IF : - Had he met you, he would have talked to you first V S §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 24 c : Reading comprehension... healthier and better life NEW WORDS: 1 Chicken pox : bệnh thủy đậu 2 Measles : bệnh sởi 3 Mumps : bệnh quai bị 4 Malaria : bệnh sốt rét 5 Cholera : bệnh tả 6 Diphtheria : bệnh bạch hầu 7 Typhoid : bệnh thương hàn 8 Sanitation : vệ sinh §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 27 TRUE-FALSE : Mark the following True (T) or False (F) T 1 There is a cure for cancer 2 A healthy person is usually a happy... the gerund form - Before going to the university, he stopped by at his friend’s §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 14 - By listening carefully, he quickly picked up the language (3) Gerund after certain nouns + prepositions The following is some nouns + prepositions which take the gerund: choice of possibility of excuse for intention of reason for - I do not have the slightest intention of working... instead of WILL and SHOULD instead of WOULD – but only after I and we – not after other persons - I will/shall be twenty-five next August NOT : *Nam shall be twenty-five … §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 18 - We should/would like to meet your family NOT : * My friend should like … 4.4.4 Other meanings of WILL and WOULD: + We can use WILL for a decision or an offer: Decision : - Tea or coffee?... Compare : SAY + something - I said I was going home - He says he can speak French TELL + someone + something - I told Nam I was going home - He tells me he can speak French §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 19 5.2.2 If we want to put a personal object with SAY, we use TO - I said to Nam that I was going home 5.2.3 In a few expressions we can use TELL without a personal object : e.g tell a story,... is still true now, we sometimes use the same tense as the speaker SPEAKER’S WORD REPORTED SPEECH ‘ The population of HCM City He said that the population of HCM City is §Ò c¬ng híng dÉn «n tËp Thi cao hoc Anh Văn 20 is around four million.’ ‘ I live in Hanoi.’ around four million She told me that she lives in Hanoi But even when something is still true, we often change the tense in reported speech - .. .Bộ giáo dục đào tạo  đề cương ôn tập môn tiếng anh dành cho cao học nghiên cứu sinh - ề cương dùng làm sở hướng dẫn ôn tập phục vụ cho việc kiểm tra môn tiếng Anh kỳ... tuyển sinh cao học nghiên cứu sinh hàng năm theo quy định Bộ Giáo dục Đào tạo Trường Đại học Nông nghiệp I tổ chức Phần : giới thiệu chung I Mục tiêu: Đề cương nhằm hướng dẫn đồng qui trình ôn tập, ... 31 giáo dục đào tạo trờng Đại học nông nghiệp I  đề thi tuyển sinh sau đại học năm 2005 Môn thi : tiếng Anh, Đề Số 301 Thời gian làm : 120 phút Họ tên thí sinh : Ngày tháng năm sinh : Nơi sinh