CHUYEN MUC KINH Te HOC - XA HOI HQC LIEN K i T SAN XUAT TRONG NONG NGHIEP TAI VUNG TAY NAM BO: HIEN TRANG VA NH&NG VAN DE DAT RA NGUYEN THj VAN vin di li§n kit san xuat nong nghigp da va dang dwac chu va ma rgng ca nw&c noi chung vi vung Tiy Nam Bg noi rieng. Tuy nhien, vigc thi/c hign lien kit sin xuit v§n chwa thi/c st/ higu qua. V$y nhwng nguyen nhan nao din den kit qui dd? Hign tr^ng lien kit san xuat nong nghiep a vung Tiy Nam Bg hlgn sao? Lien kit giwa doanh nghigp va nha nong dang gap phai nhOng kho khan gi? Dd li nhdng n0i dung chlnh dwgc trinh biy bii viet nay. Qua diy bii viit cung dwa mgt so giai phap chu yiu de day manh viec Hen kit san xuat nong nghigp vung Tay Nam Bg. LGlO-l THIEU Trong boi canh eua ty hda thi trudng, todn eiu hda, dgc bipt Id d edc nude dang phdt triln, ed mpt thyc t l rang nhdng ngudi ndng dan san xuit quy md nhd thudng rit khd khan de tham gia mpt cdch trgn vpn vdo nen kinh te thj trudng (Eaton vd Shepherd, 2001) vd nhung ngudi ndng dan san xuit nhd d l bi "bo rai" cdc nen kinh te cd ngdnh sdn xuit ndng nghipp dang sinh Igi cao (Jagdish vd Prakash. 2008). Vipt Nam vdi g i n 70% dan so song d vung ndng NguySn Thj Vdn. Thgc sT. Trung tam Kmh te hgc. Vi$n Khoa hoc Xd h^l vung Nam 8$. thdn vd khodng 50% lye lugng lao dgng dang hogt dgng ITnh vyc ndng nghiep (Tong cue Thong ke, 2011), thi san xuit ndng nghipp v l n ddng mpt vai trd hit sdc quan trgng phdt triln kinh t l xa hdi cua d i t nude, Trong nhung nam g i n ddy, san xuit ndng nghiep d Vipt Nam ndi chung vd d vung Tdy Nam Bp ndi rieng da vd dang ggp nhieu khd khan, dac bipt Id su khdng I n dinh cua thj trudng tieu thu san phim. Tinh trang "dugc mua, rdt gid" hay "trung gid, m i t mua" ludn diln d l l vdi nhieu logi san pham. Nen ndng nghipp vung Tay Nam Bp vd cd nude khdng the tien len mgnh me nlu khdng khde phyc mpt NGUYEN T H I V A N - L1£N KETSAN X U A T T R O N G NONG NGHl£P nay, doanh nghiep thudng ddng vai trd each ean ea tinh nhd le, t u phdt cua n l n ngudi thu mua, bao tieu todn bg hang kinh te ndng hd. Chinh vi vgy su hgp tac, hda ndng dan san xuit theo mot lien kit san xuit ndng nghiep cang muc gid sdn doanh nghipp dat vd can thilt han bao gid het. ed ung trudc vgt tu, hudng dan quy trinh Lien kit san xuit ndng nghipp san xuit, kiem tra chit lugng san phim . thudng dugc phdn ehia thdnh dgng: lien ket doe va lien kit ngang. Lien k i t D i l m mgnh cOa md hinh Id lidn kit giua ndng dan vd doanh nghiep b i n chat han. dpc la lien kit giua edc tae nhan theo Ndng dan lam san pham khdng chT cd dudng di eua san phim (tu ngudi san nai bdn ndng san ma edn dugc doanh xuit den ngudi tieu dung), lien k i t ngang Id lien k i t ede tde nhan, cdc nghiep chia se v l chi phi sdn xuat, dugc doi tugng cung tham gia vao cdc hoat nang cao trinh dp san xuit. Doanh nghipp that s y ddng vai trd d i u tdu dpng tuang t y (vi dy: lien kit ode moi lien kit. Tuy nhien, hgn che mgng hp ndng dan vdi nhau). Trong phgm vl tinh dac trung cug md hinh ndy ehinh la bdi viet ndy, chung tdi ehu yeu phdn tich trach nhipm cua hai ben doanh nghipp v i n de lien kit dgc san xuit ndng ndng ddn chf dya tren ehu tin. Hgp ding nghidp, dae bipt ehCi trgng phan tich moi de bj phd v d gla ea thj trudng bien lien k i t giua doanh nghipp vdi ndng dan. dgng. Hipn nay, giua ngudi ndng dan vd doanh Hinh thirc thif ba: "San xuit gia cdng nghiep dang ton tai nhilu hinh thuc lien nguyen lipu cho doanh nghipp". 0* hinh k i t san xuit, vdi bon hinh thuc ehu thuc ndy, doanh nghipp ddm nhipm ve yeu: chi phi vat t u san xuat bao gom: giong, Hinh thCrc thir nhat "Bao tieu san phim", thue an, thuoc . Doanh nghipp chi dgo dd doanh nghidp bao tieu san ndng dan ve thdi vy san xuit, ap dyng ky phim dau nhung khdng dau tu, khdng thuat theo quy trinh ey the, giam sat djch tham gia true tilp vao qud trinh san xuit bpnh, quy trinh san xuat va bao tieu san cua ndng dan. Giua doanh nghipp va pham. Ndng dan nhgn khodn djnh mdc ngudi san xuit cd hoac khdng ed hgp ehi phi vd mgt phgn ehi phi ea ban dau dong. N l u cd hgp dong thi v l ea ban tu ban d i u , ehi phi lao dpng va san xuat ede dilu khoan long leo, thilu eac y l u to tren dat cua ndng hp. Day dugc xem Id bao dam ehia se Igi ieh, rui ro giua cdc hinh thue lien k i t ma ndng dan it phai ben tham gia. Nhin chung, dgng lien kit dau tu, it chju mi ro nhung muc hudng cdn Idng leo, hap dong de bj pha vd, Igi lai r i t thip. Doanh nghipp that sy canh tranh mua-ban d i xay ra. ddng vai trd d i u tdu lien ket nhung Hinh thirc thw hai: "Dau t u san xuat vd d i gap bat Igi kinh t l biln dgng, nhat bao tieu san pham", d hinh thuc ndy Id nhung doanh nghipp ggp khd khan v l doanh nghiep cd d i u t u , tham gia mgt von . Mgt hgn e h l Idn cua md hinh phin vdo qua trinh san xuit cua ndng Id r i t it hp ndng dan ed du dieu kipn de ddn vd bao tieu san phim. Vdi md hinh doanh nghiep lya chpn ky hgp dong va TAP CHf KHOA HQC XA HOI so (192) 2014 CO bieu hipn eua Igi ich nhdm tiln hanh lien kit. Hinh thwc thu'tw. Md hinh "ndng dan gdp eo phin vdi doanh nghipp bang gid trj quyin su dyng dat". Doanh nghiep v l n ddng vai trd ehu dgo viec d i u tu giong, von, khoa hpc ky thuat va to chdc quan ly dy dn. Ngudi ndng ddn gdp co phan bang gid trj quyin su dung d i t vdo doanh nghiep vd trd nhung c l ddng, dugc chia eo tuc hoae duge tuyen dyng thdnh ngudi lao ddng ldm cdng an luang, ndng dan tham gia vao cac cdng dogn san xuit va nhgn tien lugng lao dgng. Diem manh cua md hinh la tinh hgp tdc cao, cung chia se rui ro. T h i nhung. mpt doanh nghipp bi thua lo hay biln dpng, tai chinh khdng minh bgeh thi ngudi ndng ddn d l bj thua thipt. hgp ddng gida ndng ddn vdi doanh nghiep. Trong tong so 9.084 xa eua ca nudc, cd 5,56% xa dang hogc da tdng thyc hien hgp dong vdl doanh nghiep che bien. Cd 35 toai ndng san da dugc ndng dan thye hipn lien ket vdl doanh nghipp d nhieu muc dg khde nhau. Trong dd dang ehij y la ed mdt so ndng san thieh hgp vdi md hinh lien kit nhu: bdng vai, mia dudng, ehe, ong mat, dau tam, thuoc la, day, cao su, rau qua sgch, ed tdm xuit khiu, sua bd, . Mdt so loai ndng san khae ed ehit lugng eao, thyc hien hgp ddng lien kit cd hipu qua nhu san xuit gidng (nhit Id san xuit giong lua, ngd, bdng vai, rau); cdc ndng sdn ed thuang hieu noi tilng nhu budi nam roi, lua dgc sdn (lua Thdi, lua ndng tham chg Dao), vai thilu Thanh Hd . Nghien cuu ting t h i tren phgm vi ca nudc eua Ho Q u i Hgu (2013) ve Lien kit kinh ti glCra doanh nghigp chi bien nong sin vol nong dan - Thi/c tr^ng vi giai phip thue hipn nam 2011, 2012 d 65 xa vdi 572 hg ndng ddn va 2. HI^N TRANG LI^N K £ T S A N X U A T TRONG N O N G NGHISP 2.1. Hipn trgng chung Lien kit san xuit ndng nghipp da duge du lugn xa hgi dong tinh, doanh nghiep vd ndng ddn quan tdm, ehinh quyin cac c i p ede nganh nd lyc to Hinh 1: Ty le % so hg va dipn tich thyc hipn chuc thyc hien, coi dd Id giai phdp phuang thdc nong nghipp hgp dong quan trpng doi vdi sy phdt trien ndng 50 9J nghipp nudc ta. Song, k l td Quylt djnh 80 cua Chinh phu ve khuyin ^ ' / khich tieu thy ndng san thdng qua hgp ding duge ban hdnh din nay, vipc lidn kit giua doanh nghipp vdi ndng dan ca nudc diln ehgm, tren dipn tich nhd le, ndng dan va doanh ' [...]... UNICEF 2005 K/rao sat f/ianrt men Vigt Nam (SAW) MOH 32 T r i n 0 i n h H u g u 1991 Vi gia dinh truyin thing Viet Nam vol anh hwang Nho gl^o Tgp c h i X a hgi hgc, so 2 33 VO Mgnh Lgi, Vu, Tuan Huy, Ghuman, Sharon, Knodel, John 2006 Continuity and Change in Premarital Sex in Vietnam International Family Planning Perspectives, 32, 4 {Tiip theo trang 34) LIEN K^T S A N X U A T TRONG 13 Tran Huu Hipp... Teerawichitchainan, Bussarawan 2007 Romance and Sexual Initiation among Unmarried Young People in Vietnam: A Multi-Method Approach Population Council Hanoi, Vietnam 29 T i n g cyc T h i n g ke, Bg Van hoa-ThI thao va Du lich, UNICEF, Vipn Nghien cuu Gia dinh va gio-i 2008 Kit qua nghien cCru qudc gia vi gia dinh Viet Nam 2006 30 Tong cyc Thong ke, MOH, WHO, UNICEF 2010 Khao sat thanh nien Vigt Nam. .. Hanoi Vietnam Journal of Family and Gender Studies, Vol 5, No.2, Dec 24 Podhisita, Chai; Xenos, Peter; Varangrat, Anchalee 2 0 0 1 The Risk of Premarital Among Thai Youth: Indicidual and Family Influences Sex East-West Center working papers, Population Series No 108-5, October 25 Regnerus D Mark 2005 Talking about Sex: Religion Communication and Pattems of Parent-Child about Sex and Contraception... ph^t triin vung va Hen kit vung Ddng bing Sdng CCru Long Trong ky y l u hgi thao Giai phap khai thac tidm nang kinh ti - xa hdi cic tinh Ddng bing Song Cwu Long theo hwang lien kit viing, tai Can Tha 14 Tran Q u I c Nhan Ikuo Takeuchi 2012 Phin tich nguyen nhan dan din vigc thgc thi hgp ding ti&u thg ndng sin k6m giua ndng dan va doanh nghiep a Viet Nam Tap chi Khoa hgc va Phat trien S6 7 15 T r i n Vdn... dan din vigc thgc thi hgp ding ti&u thg ndng sin k6m giua ndng dan va doanh nghiep a Viet Nam Tap chi Khoa hgc va Phat trien S6 7 15 T r i n Vdn Hieu 2004 Thi/c trgng va giai phap cho Hen kit "4 nha" trong san xuat va tieu thg ndng sin & Ddng bing sdng Cwu Long Tap chi Khoa hgc, sd 1 Trudng Bai hgc Can Tha 16 Vi^t Hd 2014 De viic lien kit san xuit tieu thu lua gao thwc sw bin vCrng (http://dangco ngsan.vn/cpv/Modules/News/NewsDetaii.aspx?coJd=30111&cnJd=651902) . XUAT TRONG NONG NGHIEP TAI VUNG TAY NAM BO: HIEN TRANG VA NH&NG VAN DE DAT RA NGUYEN THj VAN vin di li§n kit san xuat trong nong nghigp da va dang dwac chu trong va ma rgng trong. CO, hien tyong tranh mua, tranh ban thyong xuyen diln ra. Nghjch iy thira nha may chS bien nhyng thilu tom nguyen iieu diln ra kha phi biln. Trong nhieu nam qua cac nha may . khai rim rd tgi ede tmh Tdy Nam Bd trong nhung nam qua. Thong ke cua Cyc Trong trgt, Bg Ndng nghipp va phat triln ndng thdn cho thiy, rieng vung Tay Nam Bp, trong vy Ddng Xuan 2013-2014,