STUDYING THE PHYSICS OF DESIGN FLOW INCORPORATING EARLY INFORMATION USING A SIMULATION MODEL MD. ASLAM HOSSAIN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2010 STUDYING THE PHYSICS OF DESIGN FLOW INCORPORATING EARLY INFORMATION USING A SIMULATION MODEL MD. ASLAM HOSSAIN (B.Sc. in CE, BUET) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPT. OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2010 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my deeply-felt gratitude to my thesis supervisor, Associate Professor David Kim Haut Chua for his warm encouragement, continuous support, excellent guidance, constructive suggestions and patience throughout my PhD study. It would have been impossible to write this thesis without his invaluable help and time. The immense knowledge and enthusiasm he has for his research motivated me to this research and helped me to overcome various difficulties that I have faced during the PhD pursuit. I appreciate all his positive advices and problem solving attitude that would help me in my professional life. I wish to express my sincere thanks to my PhD committee members Associate Professor Chin Hoong Chor and Associate Professor Meng Qiang for their detailed review, constructive criticism and excellent advices during the preparation of this thesis. I would also like to thank my module lecturers namely Professor Phoon Kok Kwang, Professor Quek Ser Tong, Associate Professor Chan Weng Tat, Associate Professor Lee Der-Horng and Dr. Meng Qiang, along with my PhD supervisor for their teaching and assistance to complete my module requirements in NUS. I am deeply grateful to National University of Singapore for providing me research scholarship covering the inter period of my study. I wish to thank many industry people who have helped me to gather practical knowledge on the design process and provided me various design data as the input for the case study of my research work. I am especially thankful to Dr. M. Mahalingam, Mr. Jie Zhou, Mr. Siang Meng Kua, Mr. Tan See Chee, and Mr. David Zheng Zhijian for their valuable time and patience during the discussion on various aspects of design process. I wish to extend my warmest thanks to all my colleagues and friends namely Ker-Wei, Dr. Lijun, Dr. Yuanbin, Dr. Liu Zhuo, Ernest, Yousuf, Alireza, Habib, Qui, Meghdad, Chun Kit, Bernard, Yi Feng, Kim Thow, Rongxin, Dr. Ashim, Dr. Shimul, Saidur, Moly for all the emotional support, entertainment, and caring they provided throughout the study. Lastly, I owe my most sincere gratitude to my lovely family in Bangladesh who always stood beside me and encouraged me to complete this thesis. It would have been very difficult for me to stay in abroad without continuous encouragement and spiritual support from my family members. My parents, Late Haji Md. Abdul Jalil and Mrs. Amina Begum have been invaluable to me throughout my inter study life. My special thanks are due to my brothers, my sisters and their families for their loving support. National University of Singapore i National University of Singapore ii TBALE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i TBALE OF CONTENTS iii SUMMARY .ix LIST OF TABLES xi LIST OF FIGURES . xiii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xix LIST OF SYMBOLS xxi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Background 1.3 Research Opportunities 1.3.1 Early Information in Design .4 1.3.2 Handling Iteration and Feedback Loop .5 1.3.3 External Changes in Design 1.3.4 Overlapping Design and Construction Activities .8 1.3.5 Optimal Strategy for overlapping .9 1.3.6 Simulation Model 10 1.4 Objective of the Study .11 1.5 Scope of the Study .12 1.6 Research Methodology 13 1.7 Outline of the Thesis 15 National University of Singapore iii Table of Contents CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW .19 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Managing Design Process 20 2.2.1 Some Scheduling Techniques .20 2.3 Overlapping Design Activities .23 2.3.1 Frameworks of Overlapping .24 2.4 Iteration and Feedback Loop in Design .28 2.4.1 Iteration Model for Coupled Activities .29 2.5 Handling External Changes in Design .33 2.6 Design Construction Integration 36 2.7 Simulating Design Process in Construction Industry 42 2.8 Identified Research Gaps .44 2.9 Summary 48 CHAPTER THREE: GENERALIZED MODEL FOR THE DESIGN PROCESS .49 3.1 Introduction 49 3.2 Generalized AGeM for the Design Process .49 3.3 Developing the Generalized Model for Simulation Network 53 3.3.1 Internal Process .57 3.3.2 Activity Specific and Connecting Nodes 60 3.4 Autogeneration of Specific Design Network .60 3.4.1 Coding for Autogeneration .64 3.5 Validation of the Effectiveness of AGeM .68 3.6 Extension of the Generalized Model 71 National University of Singapore iv Table of Contents 3.6.1 Resource Constraints 71 3.6.2 Activity Internal Process .76 3.7 Summary 79 CHAPTER FOUR: OVERLAPPING DESIGN ACTIVITIES .81 4.1 Introduction 81 4.2 Early Information Sharing and Redesign .81 4.3 Design Process Model 86 4.3.1 Probability of Redesign .89 4.4 Design Factors Related to Early Information Sharing .91 4.5 Illustrative Case Study .92 4.5.1 Project Characterization 95 4.5.1.1 Effect of Estimability on Project Completion and Loss in Productivity 95 4.5.1.2 Redesign Duration Vs Estimability .99 4.5.1.3 Project Performance Matrix .103 4.5.1.4 Effect of Probability for Redesign .106 4.6 Summary 107 CHAPTER FIVE: OTHER KEY ISSUES WHEN OVERLAPPING DESIGN ACTIVITIES 109 5.1 Introduction 109 5.2 ITERATION AND FEEDBACK LOOP IN DESIGN 110 5.2.1 Modeling Iteration and Feedback Loop 111 5.2.1.1 Modeling Loop Through “Repetition” .111 National University of Singapore v Table of Contents 5.2.1.2 Modeling Loop Through “Sit & Settle” .114 5.2.2 Solving Loop through “Repetition” Vs “Sit & Settle” .115 5.2.3 Concluding Remarks for Iteration and Feedback Loop 123 5.3 CHANGE PROPAGATION MODEL DUE TO EXTERNAL CHANGES .124 5.3.1 Concept of Change Probability and Redesign 124 5.3.2 Modeling Change Propagation .125 5.3.3 Simulation Model for Change Propagation 132 5.3.4 Scheduling Propagated Changes .134 5.3.5 Illustrative Case Study 138 5.3.5.1 Impact on Redesign and Overall Design Schedule 141 5.3.5.2 Concurrent Execution of Design Activities .149 5.3.6 Concluding Remarks to Manage External Changes .156 5.4 INTEGRATION OF DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES 157 5.4.1 Overlapping Design and Construction Activities .157 5.4.2 Integrated Model for Design and Construction 160 5.4.3 Handling Probability of Rework .164 5.4.4 Illustrative Case Study 166 5.4.5 Concluding Remarks for Design Construction Integration 169 5.5 Summary 170 CHAPTER SIX: OPTIMIZING EARLY INFORMATION SHARING 173 6.1 Introduction 173 National University of Singapore vi Table of Contents 6.2 Concurrent Engineering Approach 173 6.3 Problem Formulation and Model Development 177 6.4 Search Approach 183 6.5 Integrating GA with DES Model .184 6.6 Illustrative Case Study .186 6.6.1 Results and Analyses 189 6.7 Summary 196 CHAPTER SEVEN: CASE STUDY 199 7.1 Introduction 199 7.2 Description of the Case Study 199 7.2.1 Some Considerations for the Case Study 200 7.3 Results and Discussions .206 7.3.1 Project Characterization 207 7.3.1.1 Effect of Estimability on design duration and redesign .207 7.3.1.2 Variation in Redesign Duration and Estimability 210 7.3.1.3 Project Performance Matrix .212 7.3.2 Consideration for Resource Constraints .216 7.4 Impact of Change on Design Duration and Redesign 218 7.5 Finding an Optimal Strategy of Overlapping .220 7.6 Summary 223 CHAPTER EIGHT: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. 225 8.1 Conclusions and Research Contributions 225 8.1.1 Overlapping Design Activities 226 National University of Singapore vii Table of Contents 8.1.2 Handling Coupled activities 228 8.1.3 Managing External Changes .230 8.1.4 Overlapping Design and Construction Activities .232 8.1.5 Optimizing Early Information Sharing .233 8.2 Research Significance 235 8.2.1 AGeM of Simulation Network 235 8.2.2 Physics of Design Flow 236 8.2.3 Optimizing Overlapping Strategy .239 8.3 Recommendations and Future Studies .240 8.3.1 Time Cost Tradeoff .240 8.3.2 Optimization of the Design Process 241 8.3.3 Detail Study on Design Construction Integration .243 REFERENCES .245 APPENDICES 259 Appendix A ………………………………………….………………… .261 Appendix B ……………………………………………………………….263 CURRICULUM VITAE 265 National University of Singapore viii References Lam, P.T.I., F.W.H. 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Activity ‘c’: From Equation 5.3, 0  1  0.3 0.6 0.1  a P c = P a Tca = [0 0] = [0 0.3 0.6 0.1]  0.3 0.6 0.1   0. 0.  0 0 0 1 0.3 0.6 0.1  b  = [0.3 0.6 0.1 0] P c = P b Tcb = [0 0]  0.3 0.6 0.1   0. 0.  0 From Equation 5.7, Pc , N = Pca, N * Pcb, N = * 0.3 = Using Equations 5.6, 5.8, and 5.9, ( )( ) Pc, L = Pca, N + Pca, L Pcb, N + Pcb, L − Pc , N = (0 + 0.3)(0.3 + 0.6) − = 0.27 Pc ,M = (0 + 0.3 + 0.6)(0.3 + 0.6 + 0.1) − − 0.27 = 0.63 Pc ,M = (0 + 0.3 + 0.6 + 1)(0.3 + 0.6 + 0.1 + 0) − − 0.27 − 0.63 = 0.1 National University of Singapore 259 Appendices Activity ‘d’: Since activity ‘d’ has only one predecessor activity ‘c’, Equation 5.3 gives: c P d = P d = P c Tdc 0 0 1 0.3 0.6 0.1   = [0 0.27 0.63 .1]  0.3 0.6 0.1   0.4 0.6 0 = [0.081 0.351 0.445 0.123] National University of Singapore 260 Appendices Table B.1 Design activities with dependencies No. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 ACTIVITY NAME Gather Basic Design Information / Feed Start PROCESS STUDY Design Basis Simulation Study Hydraulic Study Process Datasheet for Columns Process Datasheet for Internals Process Datasheet for Vessels Process Datasheet for Air Finned Coolers Process Datasheet for Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers Process Datasheet for Centrifugal Compressors Process Datasheet for Centrifugal Pumps Process Datasheet for Forced Draft Fans (if any) Process Datasheet for Chiller Package Equipment List Process Datasheet for On/off Valves Process Datasheet for Control Valves Process Datasheet for Safety Relief Valves Process Datasheet for Flow Instruments PDFs P&IDs UFDs Material Selection Basis Utility Summary Cause & Effect Chart Flare Load Summary Tie-in List Line Index Process Study Report on Modifications 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 1 1 1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 X X X X X X X X 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 X X X X X X X X X X X X X 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 X X X X X X X X 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 X X X X X X X 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 X X X X X X X X X 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 X X X 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 93 94 95 96 X X X X X X X 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 X X X X X X X X X X X 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 X X X X X X X 93 94 95 96 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 93 94 95 96 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 X 93 94 95 96 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 93 94 95 96 X 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 X 93 94 95 96 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 X 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 93 94 95 96 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 X 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 X X X X X X X X 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 X 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 X 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 93 94 95 96 X X 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 X X X 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 X X 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 X X X 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 X X X National University of Singapore X X X 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 INSTRUMENTATION Review of Applicable Standards Spec. for Control System Modification / DCS I/O List / Instrument Index Specifications for Control Valve / Relief Valve Etc Specifications for Instrument Cable Layout of Instrument Main cables Instrument Material BM / Construction BQ Enquiry for Instrument Material Bid Evaluations Cost Estimation support Enquiry Construction Cost Construction Cost Estimation X X 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 X X X X 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 X X X PIPING Review of Applicable Standards / Prepare Design Basis Plot Plan Preparation of General spec. / Special Piping spec & Requisitions Layout/ Conceptual Piping Routing Material BM/BQ Take off Enquiry Bid Evaluations /Cost Estimation support Piping Construction BQ Enquiry Construction Cost Construction Cost Estimation 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 X EQUIPMENT Review of Application Standards Preparation of General Specifications Static Eqt. Design & Engineering Drawings preparation Equipment Requisitions / Mechanical Data Sheets Enquiry Equipment Loading Data Bid Evaluations / Clarification / Equipment Cost Equipment Erection BM/BQ Enquiry Construction Cost Construction Cost Estimation PROJECT Cost Summary Project Schedule (EPC) Management Review Submit Feed Dossier /Feed Project Completion X X ELECTRICAL Review of Applicable Standards / Electrical Design Spec. Spec for MCC, Motors and Electrical Cable etc Single Line Diagram / Equipment Layout / Area Classification Electrical Material BM / Construction BQ Enquiry for Electrical Material Bid Evaluations / Cost Estimation Enquiry Construction Cost Construction Cost Estimation 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 X CIVIL Sketches of modification of underground facilities on the existing drawings. Sketches of modif. & extensions of stru. and piperacks on existing drawings. Layout of new structure "F" for N16E231A/B Trim Coolers and Chiller Shed. Demolition Plan Drawings Underground Plan and Detail Drawings Road and Paving Plan and Detail Drawings Preliminary Foundation / Structural Drawings / Platform etc. Revising drawings after receive info from other Discipline Government Approval Drawings Civil , Structural and Building BM/BQ Enquiry for Civil , Structural and Building Construction Cost Construction Cost Estimation (+/- 15%) 93 94 95 96 X X X X X X X X 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 X X X X X X X 93 94 95 96 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 93 94 95 96 93 94 95 96 X X X X 261 Appendices Appendix B Table B.2 Design activities after resequencing in DSM Activity Number (New) 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 Activity Activity Name Number (Actual) 29 46 53 58 70 73 83 10 11 12 13 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 26 27 28 60 71 72 48 47 49 50 52 59 15 61 24 85 84 74 51 75 39 37 36 35 34 33 32 86 76 65 62 41 89 87 79 77 66 63 54 42 90 88 80 78 67 64 55 43 94 93 38 95 40 25 96 Gather Basic Design Information / Feed Start Process Study Report on Modifications Review of Application Standards Equipment Erection BM/BQ Review of Applicable Standards / Prepare Design Basis Review of Applicable Standards Specifications for Instrument Cable Design Basis Review of Applicable Standards / Electrical Design Spec. Simulation Study Hydraulic Study Process Datasheet for Vessels Process Datasheet for Air Finned Coolers Process Datasheet for Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers Process Datasheet for Columns Process Datasheet for Internals Process Datasheet for Centrifugal Compressors Process Datasheet for Centrifugal Pumps Process Datasheet for Forced Draft Fans (if any) Process Datasheet for Chiller Package Process Datasheet for On/off Valves Process Datasheet for Control Valves Process Datasheet for Safety Relief Valves Process Datasheet for Flow Instruments PDFs P&IDs UFDs Material Selection Basis Flare Load Summary Tie-in List Line Index Preparation of General spec. / Special Piping spec Spec. for Control System Modification / DCS I/O List / Instrument Index Specifications for Control Valve / Relief Valve Etc Static Eqt. Design & Engineering Drawings preparation Preparation of General Specifications Equipment Requisitions / Mechanical Data Sheets Enquiry Bid Evaluations / Clarification / Equipment Cost Plot Plan Equipment List Layout/ Conceptual Piping Routing Utility Summary Single Line Diagram / Equipment Layout / Area Class Spec for MCC, Motors and Electrical Cable etc Layout of Instrument Main cables Equipment Loading Data Instrument Material BM / Construction BQ Revising drawings after receive info from other Discipline Road and Paving Plan and Detail Drawings Underground Plan and Detail Drawings Demolition Plan Drawings Layout of new structure "F" for N16E231A/B Trim Coolr Sketches of modif. & extensions of stru. Sketches of modification of underground Electrical Material BM / Construction BQ Enquiry for Instrument Material Piping Construction BQ Material BM/BQ Take off Civil , Structural and Building BM/BQ Enquiry Construction Cost Enquiry for Electrical Material Enquiry Construction Cost Bid Evaluations Enquiry Construction Cost Enquiry Enquiry Construction Cost Enquiry for Civil , Structural and Building Construct $ Construction Cost Estimation Bid Evaluations / Cost Estimation Construction Cost Estimation Cost Estimation support Construction Cost Estimation Bid Evaluations /Cost Estimation support Construction Cost Estimation Construction Cost Estimation (+/- 15%) Project Schedule (EPC) Cost Summary Preliminary Foundation / Structural Drawings/Platform Management Review Government Approval Drawings Cause & Effect Chart Submit Feed Dossier /Feed Project Completion National University of Singapore 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 263 CURRICULUM VITAE MD. ASLAM HOSSAIN 1. Education 2000-2005 B.Sc. Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh. 2006-2010 Research Scholar, Infrastructure System Group (IS), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore. 2. EXPERIENCE Junior Research Fellow at Accident Research Center, BUET, Dhaka, Bangladesh, August 2005 – January 2006. Lecturer in Asia Pacific University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, January 2006 – July 2006. 3. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 3.1 Journal Papers 1. Hossain, M. A., and Chua, D. K. H. (2010) "Autogeneration of simulation network of the design process." Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, ASCE, 24(5), 452-461. 2. Chua, D.K.H., and Hossain, M.A. (2010) "A simulation model to study the impact of early information on design duration and redesign." International Journal of Project Management, 29, 246-257. 3. Chua, D.K.H., and Hossain, M.A. “Predicting Change Propagation and Impact on Design Schedule Due to External Changes.” IEEE Transaction on Engineering Management (under review). 4. Hossain, M. A., Chua, D. K. H., and Liu Zhuo "Optimizing Concurrent Execution of Design Activities with Minimum Redesign." Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, ASCE (under review). 5. Hossain, M. A., Chua, D. K. H. “Overlapping Design and Construction Activities and an Optimization Approach to Minimize Rework.” Under preparation. National University of Singapore 265 Curriculum Vitae 3.2 Conference Paper 1. Chua, D. K. H., and Hossain, M. A. (2008). "Reduced Duration of the Design Projects With the Concept of Early Estimation of Design Tasks." 16th Annual Conference of the International Group of Lean Construction, Manchester, UK, 485-494. 2. Hossain, M. A., and Chua, D. K. H. (2009). "Simulation-Based Model for Handling Iteration and Feedback Loop in Design." 17th Annual Conference of the International Group of Lean Construction, Taipei, Taiwan, 511-522. 3. Hossain, M. A., and Chua, D. K. H. (2009). "Generating Simulation Network for Design Process Based on DSM." Proceeding of the 2009 Winter Simulation Conference, Austin, Texas, 2751-2758. National University of Singapore 266 [...]... information, degree of accuracy of early information and redesign duration for each activity The objective of this study is to achieve a better understanding of the physics of design flow incorporating early information The concept of utilizing early information and redesign has been modeled using the simulation technique The simulation model explicitly considers various design factors that characterize... characterize the notion of early information and redesign Other key issues of design processes such as handling coupled activities, managing external changes, and overlapping design and construction activities have been examined incorporating the notion of early information and redesign The design processes have been modeled in generalized way so that the simulation network can be automatically generated for any... duration for each activity The more accurate the early information is the less likely redesign will be required in downstream activities On the other hand, the less time there is to release early information, the greater reduction in project duration there will be The accuracy of early information and the time to release this early information are characterized by the evolution rate of design activities... complicated to account for the impact of redesign However, the effect of this redesign on the overall project completion is an important consideration in project planning The impact on redesign is characterized by various design factors when using early information These factors mainly include degree of accuracy of early information, time to release early information, probability of redesign, redesign duration... any design project based on the dependency relationships of design activities The framework of the generalized Auto Generated Model (AGeM) uses the concepts of Activity Specific Nodes and Links to model the internal processes of design activities, and Connecting Nodes and Links to model the information flow between activities Design attributes that make up the properties of the network are integrated... obtaining early information from precedent design activity(s), so that design activities can be overlapped (Bogus et al., 2005; Krishnan et al., 1997) However, this overlapping is accompanied by the possibility of redesign downstream because the early information utilized may differ from that obtained after full analysis Pe a- Mora and Li (2001) proposed strategies for starting downstream activity early. .. clear that engineering projects are dynamic in nature and most of the events are stochastic Any change in values or deviations in the upstream parameters affect the downstream activities’ parameters So, subsequent impacts must be considered in order to properly manage the project Simulation technique would be more appropriate at this instance rather than manual tracking As noticed by Bhuiyan et al... compromising the project performance Consequently, the objective of this thesis is to study the physics of design flow incorporating early information in design Particularly, factors that are considered to be most significant in characterizing project performance metrics are studied using simulation model Hence the principal objectives of this project are as follows: 1) To examine the concept of using early information. .. method of predicting the total behavior of a network that displays probabilistic and stochastic features Nevertheless, developing a practical simulation model can be very tedious and expert knowledge on simulation technique is required (Chua and Li, 2001) As stated in Yuan et al (1993), modeling a complicated system can be very timeconsuming even for the experienced simulation modeler, and the advantages... different arrays that provide significant flexibility in handling diverse types of workflow in the design process The templates of the AGeM are found to be very apt in modeling the design process for any specific project just by changing the input matrices and form the basis for evaluating the physics of design flow The study characterizes the project performance metrics of design completion and loss . objective of this study is to achieve a better understanding of the physics of design flow incorporating early information. The concept of utilizing early information and redesign has been modeled using. by various design factors such as number of estimable activities, time to release early information, degree of accuracy of early information and redesign duration for each activity. The. modeled using the simulation technique. The simulation model explicitly considers various design factors that characterize the notion of early information and redesign. Other key issues of design