1 Pediatric Nursing Care Planning for Bacterial Meningitis Tran Thi Hong Van-MD,MS 2 Learning objectives: 1. Knowledge: • Presenting the definition, etiology, epidemiology and pathology of meningitis. • Presenting signs, symptoms and complications used to be assessed in nursing care the child with meningitis. • Presenting nursing diagnoses of meningitis in children. • Presenting nursing care planning for children with meningitis. 3 Learning objectives: 2. Practice: • Assess some signs, symptoms and complications in child with meningitis. • Identify nursing diagnosis for child with meningitis and care planning. • Perform some skills in nursing care for children with meningitis:  assistant doctors to do lumbar puncture  keeping patients in the right position  administer oxygen by face mask  suction the child, suction by equipment as needed  monitoring respiratory and cardiovascular status 4 Learning objectives: 3. Attitude Having knowledge that: • Bacterial meningitis is very serious disease; it can lead the patient to the dead or sequalae for life. • The mistake in treatment and nursing care cause the increase incidence of mortality and sequalae. 5 1. Definition • Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges of the brain, spinal cord, or both. • Causes: Bacteria, virus, fungi, parasites Aseptic meningitis • Bacteria and viruses are the most often of meningitis. • Bacterial meningitis = pyogenic meningitis 6 7 8 2. Etiology 1. Post-neonatal meningitis (after age 1 month) • Bacteria: - Most cases are caused by: Neisseria meningitidis (Meningococcus) Hemophilus influenzae type b Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus) + Vaccination reduce these diseases + All 3 pathogens can be isolated from the throat or nasopharynx of healthy individuals. - Others : Streptococcus group B, Gr (-) enteric bacilli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa … 9 2. Etiology 2. Neonatal meningitis: • Group B β-hemolytic streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae) • Escherichia coli (Streptococcus agalactiae & Escherichia coli account for 50–66% of cases of neonatal meningitis). • Listeria monocytogenes ( approximately 1–5%). • Klebsiella… 10 3.Epidemiology • Incidence – Neonatal meningitis occurs in 0.2–1 per 1000 live births. – Hib meningitis decreased from 40 cases per 100,000 children < 5 yrs to 1 case per 100,000 & lower due to vaccinate • Age In the US − 300–400 cases per 100,000 live births − 141cases per 100,000 during the second month of life − < 50 cases per 100,000 in the second year of life