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• 1=^ - :•<: ^. i& ^^^•Kll-l^-jiiS^ E'-" •-• k" ^ ^^Rff ^^f ^ 9AL. ^^^^n^ ^S^E'' 1 :^ai. NHA XUAT BAN HA NOI TS. CAO CL/ GIAC (Chu bien) ThS. HO XUAN THUt -ThS. CAO THI VAN GIANG THIET KE BAI GIANG HOA HOC 11 NANG CAO TAP HAI 'X A NHA XUAT BAN HA NOi ChiAiNq VI HKmOCACBON KHONG NO BAI 39 ANKEN DANH PHAP, CAU TRUG, DONG PHAN A. MUC TIEU BAI HOC 1. Kien thCJfc HSbiet: • Khai niem, cong thiic chung cua day doiig dang anken, biit phSn loai va goi ten mot so anken defn gian. • ca'u true electron va ca'u triic khdng gian eiia anken. • ^ Viet dong phan ca'u tao va dong phan hinh hgc ciia anken. / HS hieu: • Vi sao ankeri co nhieu dong phan han ankan tucng iing. • Nguyen^ nhan mot sd anken co dong phari hinh hoc la do su phan bo' cac nhom the cf cac vi tri khac nhau ddi v6i mat phang ehiia lien ket n. 2. KT nang • Tilt cong thiic ca'u tao bie't -goi t6n va ngubc lai t& t6n goi viet dugc cong thiic call tao nhung anken dom gian, • Viet ddng phan hinh hoc va dong phan ca'u tao ciia anken. B. CHUAN B! COA GV VA HS • GV: - May tinh, may chie'u, cac phie'u hoc tap. - Mo hinh phan til etilen, dong phan cis-trans ciia but-2-en. • HS: On tap kie'n thiic bai ankan va xem tru6c bai anken. C. TIEN TRINH DAY- HOC Hoat dong cua GV Hoat dong cua HS I- DONG DANG VA DANH PHAP Hogt dpng 1 1. Day dong ddng vd ten thong thudng cua anken GV chie'u mo hmh phan tit cua etilen len man hinh cho HS quan sat: a) b) yeu c5u HS thao luan vi cac va'n de sau: - Vie't CTCT cac cha't tie'p theo la dong dang cua C2H4. - Lap cdng thiic chung day ddng dang cua etilen. - Phan tich ca'u tao cua etilen tii do neu dinh nghia day dong dang cua etilen. GV yeu ciu HS neu each ggi ten thong thucfng cua cac ankan sau? CH3-CH2-CH3, CH3- CH2-CH2-CH3, CH3—CH—CH3, CH3 GV bo sung: - Ten thong thu5ng ciia mdt sd anken don gian la'y tii ten ankan tuong iing nhung doi dudi an thanh dudi Hen. HS quan sat va thao luan. - Cdng thiic phan tit ciia mot sd ddng dang cua etilen: C3H6, C4H8, C5H10 - Tii C2H4 theo khai niem ddng dang. QH4(CHA ^Q.kH4.k dat2+k = n thi-> C„H,„ (n>2). - Etilen cau tao cd jndt lien ke't doi' (gdm mdt lien ke't CT ben vfing va mdt lien ke't 71 kem ben), vay: Anken Id hidrocacbon khong no mach hd trong phdn tit co mot lien kit dqi. HS ggi ten. CHi—CHo—CH-i propan CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 butan CH3—CH—CH3 isobutan CH, - cin them vi trf cua lien ke't d6i 6 trudc ten ggi. - Vi trf lien ke't ddi tren nguyen tii cacbon thii 1,2, tuong iing ggi la a, p GV yeu ciu HS ggi ten thdng thucmg cac anken CO cdng thiic sau: CH2= CH—CH3 GH2=CH—CH2—CH3 CH3-CH=CH-CH3 CH2=C — CH3 CH3 GV bd sung ten ggi cua mot sd gd'c cua anken: CH2=CH- gdc vinyl CH2=CH-CH2- gd'c anlyl HS ggi ten: CH2—CH—CH3 CH2=CH—CH2—CH3 GH3-CH=CH-CH3 CH2=C— CH3 CH, propilen a-butilen P-butilen isobutilen Hoqt dong 2 2. Ten thay the GV chie'u len man hinh ten ggi cua mdt sd anken don gian. CTCT CH2— CH2 CH2= CH—CH3 CH2=CH—CH2—CH3 CH3-CH=CH-CH3 CHj^C — CH3 ; CH3 T&n ggi eten propen but-1-en but-2-en 2-metylpropen Yeu cau HS nhan xet rut ra quy luat ggi ten cac anken theo ten thay the'. GV hudng din HS chgn mach chinh, each danh sd rnach C. HS quan sat va thao luan. Quy luat ggi ten: Sd chi vi tri nhanh - ten nhanh Ten chinh mach sd chi vi tri nguyen tit C diu tien chiia lien k^t ddi - en GV yeu ciu HS ggi ten cac anken sau theo ten thay the: CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-CH3 CH3- CH=CH-CH2-CH3 CH2=C —CH2—CH3 1 CH, CH2=CH CH, -CH, - Mach chinh la mach chiia lien ke't ddi, dai nha't va cho nhieu nhanh nha't. - Danh sd C mach chinh bat diu tiit phfa gin lien ket doi hon. HS ggi ten: CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-CH3 pent-1-en CH3-CH=CH^CH2-CH3 pent-2-en CH2=C - CH2-CH3 2-metylbut-l-en CH3 CH2=CH-qH-CH3 3-metylbut-l-en CH, 11. CAU TRUG VA DONG PHAN Hoqt dqng 3 /. Cdu trdc GV chie'u len man hinh cau true ciia etilen. a) b) GV yeu ciu HS thao luan cac vah de sau: - Trang thai lai hoa cua nguyen ti C. - Cau tao cua lien ket ddi. - Vi trf tuofng ddi cua cac nguydn tit. Goc lien ket HCC,HCH. HS quan sat. HS thao luln va tra Idi: - Nguyen t& cacbon ndi doi b trang thai lai hda sp^ (lai hoa tam giac). - Lien ke't doi gdm 1 lidn ket CT (ben viing) va 1 lien ke't 71 (kem ben). - Hai nguyen tit C va bdn nguyen tit H deu nam tren cjing rhgt mat phang. - Gdc lien ke't HCH va HCC gin bang nhau va bang 120° - Kha nang quay cua cac nguyen tur quanh true lien ke't d6i. - Hai nguyen tix C khong the quay tu do quanh true lien ke't C=C (do can trd bdi lien ket TI). GV yeu cau HS: - Neu khai nidm ddng phan. - Dua theo cdng thiic cau tao thi anken dugc chia thanh nhung loai ddng phan nao? ' - Viet cac ddng phan ca'u tao va ggi ten anken cd cong thiic phan tir CsH^. Hoqt dqng 4 2. Dong phdn > a) Dong phdn cdu tao HS thao luan va tra Idi: - Ddng phan la nhihig hgp chit khac nhau nhung cd ciing cong thiic phin tit. - Dua theo cdng thiic ciu tao dugc phan lam 2 nhdm: - Ddng phan mach C. - Ddng phan vi trf lien ket doi. HS viet ddng phan cua CjHigVa ggi ten: CH2^CH-CH2-CH2-CH3 pent-l-en' CH3-CH =CH-CH2-CH3 pent-2-en CH2=CH-CH-CH3 3-metylbut-l-en CH3 CH3 -CH2-(p=CH2 2-metylbut-l-en CH3 CH3 -CH =(p-CH3 2-metylbut-2-en CH, h) Dong phdn hinh hgc GV chie'u md hinh phan tii dpng phan cis ^trans cua but-2-en len than hinh. OH ^O 1. UPC cis-but-2-en HS quan sat va thao luan. H '« '. • H •-106V I'C trsns-but-2-en GV neu vlti de: nhu vly but-2-en cd ddng phan cis va ddng phan trans vay di^u kien nao de cd ddng phan cis-trans? GV hudfng din, dieu khien HS giai quye't van de. Ca'u tnic ciia lien ket ddi C=C. - Ca'u triic khong gian cua lien ket doi C=C, su phan bd cua cac lien ke't don quanh C cd ndi doi. Yeu ciu HS riit ra dieu kien de cd ddng phan cis-trans va khai niem ve ddng phan hinh hgc (cis- trans). Viet ddng phan hinh hgc ciia pent-2-en. HS tham gia giai quyd't vlh de: - Lien ke't ddi gdm 1 lien ke't a va 1 lien ke't 7t. - Cac nguyen txx xung quanh lien ket ddi C=C nam trdn mdt mat phang nen khdng the quay dugc quanh true lien ke't. - Cd th^ neu so dd sau de giai thfch. R, R, C = C. R, R4 Dieu kien: Rl+R2 R3 + R4 + Dong phdn cis: khi mach chfnh nim ciing mot phfa ciia lien ket C= C. + Dong phdn trans: Khi mach chinh nam 6 phfa khac nhau cua lien ket C= C. HS vidt ddng phan hinh hgc pent-2-en. H HsC^ H /QH5 '^ H U,Cs H / C = C \ C2H5 c/5-pent-2-en Hoqt dqng 5 CONG CO BAI VA BAI TAP VE NHA trans-pent-2-en 1. Cung co' bai: GV khac sau mot sd kien thiic cho HS ve: 8 [...]... c/.y-but -2- en rra«5-but -2- en 10 Vi etilen va propilen cd the tdng hgp ra polime va cac hoa chit hiiu co khac Thf du: nCHz = CH2 I p „ > (-CH2-CH2-)„ CH2=CH2 + CI2 -> CH2CI- CH2CI CH2 =CH2 + CI2 nCH2 = CHCl 500° C ^"^ " > CH2 =CHC1 + HCl '°:P ) r-CH2 - C H - ^ CI CH2 = CH2+ - O 2 24 ->CH2-CH2 V (etilen oxi) nCH2 = CH - CH, ':.•' > f-CH., -OUCH 3 A 500° C CH2=CH-CH3+Cl2 CH,=CH, + H,0 > CH2=CH -CH2CI + HCl... brom: , CH2=CH2 + Br2(dd) -> CH2Br-CH2Br 1 ,2- dibrometan - Phan ling trdng hgp: nCH2 = CH2 '"•'° > (-CH2-CH2)„ etilen polietilen - Phan ling oxi hoa: 3CH2=CH2 + 4H2O + 2KMn04 -^ 3CH2-CH2+ 2Mn02i + 2K0H OH OH 2 Trinh bay phuong phap hoa hgc de HS 2: Sue tit tit hdn hgp qua dung tach lay khf metan tinh khie't tit hdn hgp dich brom thi etilen bi hip thu: metan va etilen CH2=CH2 + Br2(dd) -> CH2Br-CH2Br Khf... C„H2„ Phuong trinh hoa hgc cua phan ung vdi hidro:C„H2„ + H2 Ni°,l° •> C„H2„ + 2 0, 02 < - ^ i i l ^ = o, 02 22, 4 Phuong trinh hoa hgc ciia phan iing vdi brom: C„H2„ + Br2 ^ C„H2„Br2 0, 02 0, 02 v a y ta cd: (14n + 160) x 0, 02 = 4, 32 => n = 4 Cong thiic phan tur la C4Hg Vi ankan thu duoc la mach nhanh, do dd CTCT cua olefin la: CH,=C-CH, CH3 (2- metylpropen) 22 : 2- metylbut-l-en A, : CH2=C-CH2-CH3 CH3 A2:... cgng Vi du: CH2=CH2 + HBr Qtam CH,-CH2 -Br^ l £ i ^ CH3-CH2-Br Br CH2 = CH2 + Br2 CH2 "'•a > CH^ „hLh > CH2-CH=CH-CH2 I 2 , 2 Br Br - C6ng ddng thdi vao ca hai lien ket doi CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + 2 B r 2 ( d u ) — ^ -CH- C H - CH, I Br I Br Br Br GV cho bie't tuong tu vdi anken: HS thao luln phan iing cgng HX ankadien phan ung vdi HX tuin theo quy tac - Cgng 1 ,2 Mac-cop-nhi-cdp,... kem ben nen cd kha nang phan iing de dang hon Cac phuong trinh hoa hgc: a) CH3 - CH =CH2 + Br2 ^"' > CH3 -CHBr-CH2Br b) CH3-CH=CH2 + HI ^ CH3-CHI-CH3 c) CH3-CH=CH2 + H2SO4 (dac) -^ CH,-pi-CHj OSO3H d) CH3-CH=CH2 + H2O H*,t° -> CH,-CHOH-CH, e) 3CH3-CH . ket doi hon. HS ggi ten: CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-CH3 pent-1-en CH3-CH=CH^CH2-CH3 pent -2- en CH2=C - CH2-CH3 2- metylbut-l-en CH3 CH2=CH-qH-CH3 3-metylbut-l-en CH, 11. CAU TRUG VA DONG PHAN Hoqt . CH3-CHi-CH=CH-CH3 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH=CH3 pent -2- en pent-l-en B: CH3 -CH2-(^=CH2 CH3 -(f:H-CH=CH2 CH3-(j:=CH-CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 2- metylbut-l-en 3-metylbut-l-en 2- metylbut -2- en C: H3C^ /C2H, H3C^ /H. HS vie't phuong trinh hoa hgc: CH2-CH2 + HBr -> CH3-CH2-Br etyl bromua CH2=CH2 + HC1 -^ CH3-CH2-CI etyl clorua CH2=CH2 + H2SO4 -^ CH3-CH2-OSO3H etyl hidrosunfat HS quan sat,