8 9 10 www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 s s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 1 vòng (1 + 1 (1 + 2 ) k = 1 k = 1 k = 2 VD: CH 3 –CH 2 –CH 3 k = 0. CH=CH 2 k = 5. x H y O z N t X v * • • • k' = k + 1. không x H y O z : (2x t) (y v) k 1 2 (*) 2x y k 1 2 VD: 3 H 8 có 3 2 8 k 1 0 2 s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 R—G VD: Trong C 6 H 5 CH 2 OH thì C 6 H 5 CH 2 – VD: CH 2 =CHCH 2 —Cl + NaOH CH 2 =CHCH 2 —OH + NaCl. CTCT CTCT halogen –X (X = halogen) –X halogen CH 3 Cl Ancol –O—H –OH CH 3 OH –CHO CH 3 CHO Axit cacboxylic –COOH cacboxyl CH 3 COOH Este –COO– este CH 3 COOCH 3 Amin –NH 2 amin CH 3 NH 2 –C—H O –C—OH O –C—OH O –N—H H – k = k R + k G R và k G VD: HD: k = 1. k 2 s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 • VD: CH 3 CH 2 OH, CH 3 COOH, … • VD: CH 2 =CHCH 2 OH, HCOOCH=CH 2 , … • VD: C 6 H 5 COOH, … • VD: CH 3 OH, C 6 H 5 COOCH 3 , … • VD: HOCH 2 CH 2 OH, (COOH) 2 , … • VD: H 2 NCH 2 COOH, … –OH –CHO –COOH –COO– "ol" "al" "oic" "oat" Ancol Anđehit Axit cacboxylic Este – CH 4 C 2 H 6 C 3 H 8 C 4 H 10 C 5 H 12 C 6 H 14 C 7 H 16 metan etan propan butan pentan hexan heptan s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 1 (a) CH 2 =CH–CH 3 (b) CH 2 =CH–C–CH 3 (c) CH 3 –C 3 (d) CH 2 =CH–CH=O (e) (f) 2 (a) C 3 H 8 O. (b) C 3 H 6 . (c) C 4 H 8 O 2 . (d) C 2 H 5 OH. (e) (CH 3 ) 3 COH. (f) C 6 H 12 O 6 . (g) C 3 H 7 Cl. (h) C 2 H 7 N. (i) C 2 H 5 NO 2 . 3 3 CH 2 OH + Na CH 3 CH 2 ONa + ½H 2 . 3 CH 2 OH là A) CH 3 . B) OH. C) ONa. D) CHO. 4 3 CHO + Ag 2 O CH 3 COOH + 2Ag. 3 CHO là A) CH 3 . B) CHO. C) CH 3 COOH. D) OH. 5 A) HCOOC 2 H 5 . B) CH 3 CH 2 OH. C) CH 3 CH 2 COOH. D) HCHO. 6 A) HCOOCH 3 . B) CH 3 COOH. C) CH 3 COOCH 3 . D) CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 . 7 không (A) HCOOH. (B) CH 3 COOH. (C) HCOOCH 3 . (D) HOOC–COOH. O O=C—OH CH 2 —O—C—CH 3 CH—O—C—CH 3 O O CH 2 —O—C—CH=CH 2 O s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 8 A) HCOOCH 3 , CH 3 CH 2 OH, CH 3 COOCH=CH 2 . B) HCOOH, HCHO, HCOOCH 3 . C) HCOOCH 3 , CH 3 COOCH 3 , CH 3 COOCH=CH 2 . D) CH 3 COOH, CH 2 =CHCOOH, C 6 H 5 COOCH 3 . 9 (a) (b) (c) (d) A HOOC–CH 2 CH 2 – A) B) C) D) B 2 =CHCOOH. X là axit A) B) C) D) C 3 CH 2 CHO là (A) propanal. (B) etanal. (C) axit propanoic. (D) propanol. D 3 ) 2 CH–CH 2 OH là (A) 2–metylpropan–3–ol. (B) butan–1–ol. (C) 2–metylpropan–1–ol. (D) butan–2–ol. E 3 là (A) etyl fomat. (B) metyl axetat. (C) metyl fomat. (D) etyl axetat. F (A) HCOOCH 3 . (B) CH 3 COOCH 3 . (C) CH 3 COOCH=CH 2 . (D) CH 2 =CH – COOCH 3 . s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 VD1: (a) C 4 H 10 . (b) C 3 H 6 O 2 (a) 4 H 10 là C 4 H 10 3 – CH 2 – CH 2 – CH 3 (2) CH 3 – CH – CH 3 (3) CH 3 – C – CH 3 (b) 3 H 6 O 2 là C 3 H 6 O 2 3 H 6 O 2 C 3 H 6 O 2 3 – CH 2 – COOH. 2 H 5 ; CH 3 COOCH 3 . 2.4 10 k 1 0 2 2.3 6 k 1 1 2 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 G (a) C 5 H 12 . (b) C 4 H 8 . (c) C 4 H 10 O. (d) C 4 H 8 O 2 H (a) C 3 H 8 . (b) C 3 H 7 Cl. (c) C 3 H 8 O. (d) C 3 H 9 N. s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 VD2: a = 1. C n H 2n O. VD3: k R = 1. k G • C n H 2n–4 O 4 . C n H 2n+2–2k O a VD4: 2 H 3 2 H 3 O) n hay C 2n H 3n O n . k R = 0. có n nhóm CHO k G =n 2 2n 3n n k 1 1 2 2 k n 1 2 và k = 2 C 4 H 6 O 2 . 1 2 s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 I J K L (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) M 2 . HCOOH. (B) CH 3 COOH. (C) HCOOCH 3 . (D) HOOC–COOH. O O =C OH CH 2 O C CH 3 CH O C CH 3 O O CH 2 O C CH=CH 2 O s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 8 A) HCOOCH 3 , CH 3 CH 2 OH, CH 3 COOCH=CH 2 . B). CH 3 COOCH=CH 2 . B) HCOOH, HCHO, HCOOCH 3 . C) HCOOCH 3 , CH 3 COOCH 3 , CH 3 COOCH=CH 2 . D) CH 3 COOH, CH 2 =CHCOOH, C 6 H 5 COOCH 3 . 9 (a) (b) (c) (d) A HOOC–CH 2 CH 2 – A) B) C) D) B 2 =CHCOOH. X là. = C C C – C – C – OH C C – C – C – C OH C – C – C C OH C s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 (d) C 4 H 8 O 2 C – C – C – COOH C – C – COOH HCOO – C – C – C HCOO – C – C C – COO – C – C C