Environmentally Friendly Environmentally Friendly Techniques in Textiles Techniques in Textiles Dr Arun Kanti Guha Dr Arun Kanti Guha Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Department of Department of Textile Engineering, Southeast University Textile Engineering, Southeast University Banani, Dhaka 1213. Banani, Dhaka 1213. Cell:01718833461 Cell:01718833461 E-mail: arunguha70@yahoo.com E-mail: arunguha70@yahoo.com Prepared By : Mazadul Hasan sheshir ID: 2010000400008 13 th Batch (session 2009-2013) Department : Wet Processing Technology Email: mazadulhasan@yahoo.com Blog : www. Textilelab.blogspot.com (visit) Southeast University Department Of Textile Engineering I/A 251,252 Tejgaon Dhaka Bangladesh Prepared By : Total Textile Process at a Glance Introduction Introduction Presently garments industries have become the backbone of the economy of Bangladesh. To support those garments industries hundreds of full-scale textile industries have emerged in the past few years and a lot more are going to be setup within a short time. These textile dyeing industries are contributing in the development of Bangladesh and at the same time are coursing serious water pollution. It is a matter of great concern to understand and adopt adequate treatment technologies for the remediation of this problem. Fiber Production Spining Yarn Dyeing Weaving Preparation Weaving Woven Processing Garment Manufacturing Garment Washing & Dyeing Knitting Knit Processing Garment Manufacturing Garment Washing & Dyeing Red Mark:Effluent Flow Chart of Textile Manufacturing ASM Tareq Amin ASM Tareq Amin et al. et al. , BTT, , BTT, 2009 2009 , , 2 2 , 16 , 16 Volume of Effluent produced by the different processing of textiles. Process Name Weaving Prreparation Yarn Dyeing Knit Processing Woven Processing Garment Washing & Dyeing Production /Day 4.14 million meters 150 tones 1430 tonnes 3.84 million meters 500000 pcs 1118 m 3 Effluent Quantity/Day 16,500 m 3 1,28,700 m 3 84,500 m 3 8500 m 3 Wastewater Discharged At Wastewater Discharged At Open Areas Open Areas Wastewater Wastewater Sample Sample Typical Textile Effluent Characteristics Typical Textile Effluent Characteristics Parameter Parameter Woven Woven Fabric Fabric Finishing Finishing Knit Knit Fabric Fabric Finishing Finishing Stock & Yarn Stock & Yarn Dyeing Dyeing Finishing Finishing Cotton Cotton Textile Mill Textile Mill Woolen Woolen Textile Mill Textile Mill Synthetic Synthetic Textile Mill Textile Mill BOD BOD (mg/L) (mg/L) 550-650 550-650 250-350 250-350 200-250 200-250 760 760 900 900 50 50 COD COD (mg/L) (mg/L) 850-1200 850-1200 850-1000 850-1000 524-800 524-800 1418 1418 - - 500 500 SS SS (mg/L) (mg/L) 185-300 185-300 300 300 50-75 50-75 - - 100 100 - - pH pH 7-11 7-11 6-9 6-9 7-12 7-12 9.8-11.8 9.8-11.8 9-10.5 9-10.5 7.5 7.5 MA Rahman, MS Thesis (BUET), 1997 MA Rahman, MS Thesis (BUET), 1997 Textile Effluent Characteristics: Bangladesh Perspective Textile Effluent Characteristics: Bangladesh Perspective Param Param eter eter Minimu Minimu m m Value Value Maximu Maximu m m Value Value BOD BOD (mg/L) (mg/L) - - 8100 8100 COD COD (mg/L) (mg/L) 16.7 16.7 17100 17100 SS SS (mg/L) (mg/L) 5126 5126 15221 15221 pH pH 3.9 3.9 11.0 11.0 MA Rahman, MS Thesis (BUET), 1997 MA Rahman, MS Thesis (BUET), 1997 [...]... Dhamrai 538 500 0 Ashulia Chittagong Dhamrai Gazipur Narshindi Narayangong Savar Area Environmental Management Methods in Textiles 1 Good House Keeping, 10-15% 2 Closer Process Control: 30-40% Reduction in Chemical usage Recovery & Reuse of Chemicals Process Modification: Low liquor ratio machines Technological Development: Supercritical CO2 fluid dyeing 3 Process Chemicals Substitution PVA/CMC Use 4 ETPs... TDS (mg/L):3226 Green values are environmentally freidnly Limit: pH 6-9 Narshindi 14 14 Chittagong 11.1 12 Gazipur 9.8 pH 10 8 Ashulia 7.2 Narayangong 10.3 Savar 10.7 Dhamrai 6.9 6 4 2 0 Ashulia Chittagong Dhamrai Gazipur Narshindi Area Narayangong Savar TDS (mg/L) Gazipur 3304 3500 Nrayangong Savar Narshindi 3260 3226 3109 3000 2500 2000 Green values are environmentally friendly Limit: TDS 21OO mg/L... by entanglement with charge-bearing polymers Different Types of Biological Treatment Plants Dispersed Growth: Activated sludge (Retention time 48 h) Membrane Bio-Reactor Oxidation ditches/ponds Aerated lagoons, stabilization ponds Fixed Growth: Trickling filters Rotating Biological Contactors (RBCs) Typical Reactions in Biological Processes Organic waste is introduced into a reactor where the bacterial... Suction MBR Types In terms of settling tank There are two types of configurations for the membrane array replacement Industrial effluent Membrane Module Permeate Aeration Sludge Discharge The membranes can be placed either outside or inside the bioreactor MBR Establishments in Bangladesh At EOS Savar At Jago Corporation Ashulia At SUST Sylhet Process Flow chart of MBR: Effluent from Dyeing house Equalization... Figure: Cassette of Hollow Fiber Membranes Fig: Full view of MBR in Uni-house yarn dyeing factory Achievement of zero sludge discharge: In residual part i.e sludge, new bacteria acts here activated sludge At the bottom part of the reactor there is a sludge returning pump This pump is regulated by a centrifugal pump When this activated sludge passing through this pump, due to the high rpm of the motor, activated... (Hybrid) 4 Electrochemical 5 Chlorine ETP Diagram Physicochemical Effluent Treatment Plants Screening Equalization pH Control (HCl/H2SO4) Coagulation and Flocculation (CaO, FeSO4 /Alumn and Polyelectrolyte) Retention Time, Equalization: for 40 m3/hr, 8h Flocculation and Coagulation in Physicochemical Effluent Treatment Plants Coagulation of negative particles with positive aluminum-complex Flocculation by... passing through this pump, due to the high rpm of the motor, activated (alive) bacteria becomes de-activated (dead) These dead bacteria become the nutrient of the activated bacteria again This process continues again & again & thus we can get zero sludge discharge ... Liquor in Reactor Secondary Clarifier Air Treated w/w Discharge to River or Land Application Activated Sludge Process ETP Flow Chart of Irish Fabrics Influent Storage Tank Screening Secondary Clarifier Effluent Discharge Equalisation Tank Reactor Sludge Recycling Floculation & Coagulation pH Control Tank Membrane Bio-Reactor (MBR) The membrane bioreactor (MBR) process that uses both a biological stage and... H2O + Other end products Activated Sludge Process Process in which a mixture of wastewater and microorganisms is agitated and aerated Leads to oxidation of dissolved organics After oxidation, separate sludge from wastewater Induce microbial growth Activated Sludge Process w/w Return Activated Sludge (RAS) Waste Activated Sludge (WAS) Mixed Liquor in Reactor Secondary Clarifier Air Treated w/w Discharge... specific function: 1 Biological degradation of organic pollution is carried out in the bioreactor by adapted microorganisms; 2 Separation of microorganisms from the treated wastewater is performed by the membrane module The membranes constitute a physical barrier for all suspended solids and therefore enable not only recycling of the activated sludge to the bioreactor but also production of a permeate, . Characteristics Parameter Parameter Woven Woven Fabric Fabric Finishing Finishing Knit Knit Fabric Fabric Finishing Finishing Stock & Yarn Stock & Yarn Dyeing Dyeing Finishing Finishing Cotton Cotton Textile. Production Spining Yarn Dyeing Weaving Preparation Weaving Woven Processing Garment Manufacturing Garment Washing & Dyeing Knitting Knit Processing Garment Manufacturing Garment Washing & Dyeing Red Mark:Effluent Flow. Environmentally Friendly Environmentally Friendly Techniques in Textiles Techniques in Textiles Dr Arun Kanti Guha Dr Arun Kanti Guha Assistant