Conversion of fiber into yarn: Presented by: ELFA RAJA Fibers:  A fiber can be described as any substance natural or manufactured that is suitable for being processed into a fabric.  Fibers are units of matter having length at least 100 times their diameter or width. Fibers suitable for textile use possess adequate length, fineness, strength, and flexibility for yarn formation and fabric construction and for withstanding the intended use of the completed fabric.  Other properties affecting textile fiber performance include elasticity, crimp (waviness), moisture absorption, reaction to heat and sunlight, reaction to the various chemicals applied during processing and in the dry cleaning or laundering of the completed fabric, and resistance to insects and microorganisms. The wide variation of such properties among textile fibres determines their suitability for various uses.  To create a fabric, fibers are spun into yarns and then woven into fabric. [...]... made up of short fiber, is referred to as noil or comber waste and commonly makes up between 15 and 20% by weight of the fiber into the comber  Combed yarns are superior in quality when compared to carded yarns as they are generally finer, stronger, smoother and more uniform due to the removal of short fibers and the alignment of fibers  Combed yarns are however more expensive than carded yarns (approximately... package(cone, spool, pirn, etc)  The other objective of winding process is to:  To improve quality of yarn  To get suitable yarn package  To remove dust and clean yarn  To reduce labor cost  To store yarn  To improve the efficiency of yarn for next process YARN FINENESS OR COUNT:  yarn fineness is typically described by terms such as yarn count, yarn number, or yarn size  The linear density or mass per... waste Carded yarn Combed yarn Roving:  In preparation for ring spinning, the sliver needs to be condensed into a finer strand known as a roving before it can be spun into a yarn  The roving frame draws out the sliver to a thickness of a few millimeters and inserts a small amount of twist to keep the fibers together Spinning Process - The Spinneret: Before being formed into fibers, the fiber- producing... measure of actual fineness or thickness In general, two yarn count systems are commonly used: (i) the direct system, and (ii) the indirect system  Direct Count System In a direct system, yarn count is the mass of a unit length of yarn One of the universally used direct systems is known as the "tex" This is defined by the mass in grams of 1 km of yarn  Indirect Count System In an indirect system, the yarn. .. Sliver is fed into the machine and combed and individualized by the opening roller  The fibres are then deposited into the rotor where air current and centrifugal force deposits them along the groove of the rotor where they are evenly distributed  The fibres are twisted together by the spinning action of the rotor, and the yarn is continuously drawn from the centre of the rotor  The resultant yarn is... process of further drawing out roving to the final yarn count needed, inserting twist to the fibres by means of a rotating spindle and winding the yarn on a bobbin These three stages take place simultaneously and continuously Ring spinning is a comparatively expensive process because of its slower production speeds and the additional processes (roving and winding) required for producing ring spun yarns... before condensing them into a single continuous strand of overlapping fibres called a ‘sliver’  Importantly, a large proportion of short fibres and neps are also removed during carding  The quality of the sliver assembly from the card determines both the quality and processing efficiency of products further up the processing chain Carding: Drawing:  Drawing is the process where the fibers are blended,... rotor  The resultant yarn is cleared of any defects and wound onto packages Rotor spinning (open –end spinning):  The production rates of rotor spinning is 6-8 times higher than that of ring spinning and as the machines are fed directly by sliver and yarn is wound onto packages ready for use in fabric formation the yarn is a lot cheaper to produce  Rotor spun yarns are more even, somewhat weaker... resultant yarn is cleared of any defects and wound onto packages ready for use in fabric formation Air jet spinning (vortex): The production rate of air jet/vortex spinning is 3-5 times higher than rotor spinning and 10-20 times that of ring spinning and, like rotor spinning, air-jet spun yarn is a lot cheaper to produce as it also uses fewer production stages As is the case with rotor spun yarns,... with rotor spun yarns, air jet yarns are more even, but weaker and have a harsher feel than ring spun yarns Air jet spun yarns are mainly produced in the medium count (30 Ne, 20 tex) range and are mainly polyester/cotton blended yarns End uses include woven sheeting and knitted lightweight shirting Winding:  Winding process can be defined as the transfer of spinning yarn from one package to another . create a fabric, fibers are spun into yarns and then woven into fabric.