NGỮ PHÁP VÀ BÀI TẬP VỀ THÌ 1. The Simple Present (Thì hiện tại đơn) a. Form: - Khẳng định : I , We , You , They … ( S nhiều ) + Vo He , She , It ( S ít ) + V-s/es - Phủ định : I , We , You , They + don't + Vo He , She , It … + doesn't + Vo - Nghi vấn : Do + We , You , They + Vo … ? Does + He , She , It … + Vo … ? b. Usage (Cách dùng ) : - Diễn tả một chân lí, một sự thật hiển nhiên. Ex : - The Earth goes round the sun . - He is a doctor. - Tom comes from England. - Diễn tả 1 thói quen hoặc 1 việc xảy ra thường xuyên ở hiện tại ( always, often, usually, sometimes, now and then, seldom, rarely, never, every ) dùng để nhận biết. Ex : - He often goes to class late . / My mother gets up early every morning . - Diễn tả 1 h/đ tương lai đã được sắp xếp, bố trí thực hiện trước thời điểm nói. Note : a. Cách thêm – es vào sau những động từ tận cùng : o , s , x ,z ,sh , ch b. Cách phát âm –s/es 2 . The Present Continuous (Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn) a. Form : - Khẳng định : S + am / is / are + V –ing - Phủ định : S + am / is / are ( not ) + V -ing - Nghi vấn : Are / Is + S + V-ing …. ? Ex: We are studying English now . b. Usage ( Cách dùng) : - Diễn tả một hành động đang tiếp diễn ở thời điểm nói ( ở hiện tại) * Dấu hiệu nhận biết : now , right now = at once , at ( the / this / present ) time, at the moment, Ra lệnh ( Look ! Listen ! ) Ex : - She is listening to his teacher now - Diễn tả 1 hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai ( có kế hoạch từ trước) Ex : She is getting married next year. Note :* Be going to +Vo dùng để diễn tả 1 hành động sắp xảy ra mà hiện tượng của nó đã xuất hiện hoặc 1 hành động tương lai có dự định trước. Ex: The grey dark appears. It is going to rain. * Một số động từ không được dùng với thì tiếp diễn want like belong Know suppose remember need love mean forget prefer hear believe understand seem have think See 3 . The Present Perfect (Thì hiện tại hòan thành) a. Form : - Khẳng định : S + has / have + V 3 , ed - Phủ định : S + has / have ( not ) V 3 , ed - Nghi vấn : Has / Have + S + V 3 , ed? b. Usage (Cách dùng ) : * Diễn tả một hành động vừa mới xảy ra hoặc xảy ra không rõ thời gian (thường đi kèm với các từ just , recently = lately, not yet, ever, never, aleady ) Ex : We haven’t finished our homework yet . * Diễn tả 1 hành động bắt đầu từ quá khứ kéo dài đến hiện tại có khả năng tiếp tục ở tương lai (thường đi với các từ since , for) Ex : - They have lived here for ten years . * Ngòai ra còn có một số cụm từ chỉ thời gian như : so far = until now = up to now ,how long ? It is the first / second / third … time, twice / many / three…. times. Note : For ( many, several, 2, 3 / . + times, years, months or a long time = ages ) # since ( last week ) 4. The Simple Past (Thì quá khứ đơn ) a. Form : - Khẳng định : S + V2, ed … ( To be : was / were ) - Phủ định : S + did not Vo …. - Nghi vấn : Did + S + Vo … ? b. Usage : Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra, chấm dứt trong quá khứ ( đôi khi biết rõ thời gian ) thường có các từ đi kèm : yesterday ,ago , last ( week /night … ) , in 1990 ( thời gian ở quá khứ ) 5 . The Past Continuous (Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn ) a. Form : S + was / were + V - ing Ex: We were studying Maths at this time yesterday. b. Usage : - Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra vào 1 thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ . Ex : - What were you doing at 4 p.m yesterday? - Diễn tả 1 hành động đang xảy ra vào 1 thời điểm xác định ở quá khứ hoặc 1 hành động đang xảy ra ( hành động này kéo dài hơn ) thì có hành động khác xen vào . Ex: What were you doing at 4 p.m yesterday? - Diễn tả 2 hành động đang xảy ra cùng lúc ở quá khứ . Ex: Yesterday , while I was reading a book , my sister was watching T.V . * Dấu hiệu nhận biết : at ( the / this / that ) time, at the moment, at 4p.m + thời gian ở quá khứ (yesterday, last ) Ex : He was watching film at the moment yesterday. 6 . The Past perfect (Thì quá khứ hòan thành ) a. Form : S + had V 3 , ed b. Usage : Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước 1 hành động khác trong quá khứ hoặc trước 1 thời điểm ở quá khứ . Ex : When I got up this morning , my mother had already left . * Dấu hiệu nhận biết : before , after Exercise 1: Give the correct tense of verb in brackets 1, Jack (look) no trouble with my English lesson up to now 2, The weather generally (get) quite hot in July and August 3, That brown briefcase (belong) to Dr. Rice 4, Yes, I (remember) that the order fellow’s noun now 5, Michael (work) thirty eight hours a week 6, I (be) sorry. I (forget) that girl’s name already 7, How many time you (see) him since he went to Edinburgh 8, Fred’s brother (study) in Oxford university at the moment 9, The earth (circle) the sun once every 365 days 10, Up to present, we (write) almost every lesson in the book Key: 1, Has looked 2, gets 3, belongs 4, remember 5, work 6, am/ have/ forgotten 7, have you seen 8, is studying 9, circles 10, have written Exercise 2: Supply the correct verbs forms past simple or past progressive tense 1. When I (arrive) at his house, he still (sleep) 2. She (water) the flowers in her garden while her next door neighbor (chat) with her over the fence 3. As we (cross) the street, we (see) an accident. 4. The bell (ring) while Tom (take) a bath 5. She (hear) a noise and (get) out of bed the door (open) 6. The children (play) football when their mother (come) back 7. Who (be) that you (talk) to? I (see) him at the gate. When I (come) in. 8. We (wait) for the bus when he (pass) by in his car and (offer) us a lift. 9. I (be) very tired because I (work) all day yesterday. 10. While the student (heat) the bell, they (get up) and (leave) Key : 1, arrived/ was sleeping 2, was watering/ was chatting 3, crossed/ saw 4, rang/ was talking 5, heard/ got/ opened 6, were playing/ came 7, was/ talked/ saw/ came 8, were waiting/ passed 9, was/ was working 10, heard/ got up/ left Exercise 3: Supply the correct verbs forms past simple or past perfect tense 1, We (study) a very hard lesson the day before yesterday 2, He (forget) what I (tell) him. I ( remind) him many times, but he still (not bring) what I (want) 3, He (ask) me whether I (see) his pen on the table. I (tell) him that I (not see) it around 4, If I (wait) a little while longer, I would have meet her. I (not see) her since we last (meet) 2 years ago 5, They (go) home after they (finish) their work 6, Then we came to the stadium, the match (already, begin) 7, They told me they (not, eat) such kind of food before 8, After talking a bath, he (go) to bed 9, What (be) he when he (be) young 10, It was the first time I (ever, see) such a beautiful girl Key : 1. Studied 2. forgot/ had told/ had reminded 3. asked/ has seen/ told/ had not seen 4. had waited/ had not seen/ met 5. went/ had finished 6. had already begun 7. hadn’t eaten 8.went 9. was/ was 10. had ever seen I. Thì tương lai đơn giản (the simple future) 1. Công thức: (+) S + will + V(nguyên thể)…. (-) S + won’t + V(nguyên thể)…. (?) Will + S + V(nguyên thể)… ? Chú ý: will not = won’t 2. Cách sử dụng – Diễn tả hành động sẽ thực hiện trong tương lai (ví dụ a) – Để diễn tả hành động chúng ta quyết định làm ở thời điểm nói (ví dụ b) – Hứa hẹn làm việc gì (ví dụ c) – Đề nghị ai đó làm gì (ví dụ d) – Chúng ta có thể sử dụng “shall I/shall we…?”để hỏi ý kiến của ai đó (đặc biệt khi đề nghị hoặc gợi ý) (ví dụ e, f) 3. Ví dụ: a. I will go to work by bus tomorrow. b. A: The homework is difficult. B: Don’t worry, I’ll help you. c. Thank you for lending me the money. I’ll pay you back on Friday. d. Will you shut the door, please? e. Shall I open the window? f. Where shall we go this evening? 4. Các trạng từ của thì này - tomorrow - next week, next month, next year… - later - in + mốc thời gian trong tương lai: in 2020 5. Quan hệ với hiện tại đơn Mệnh đề 1 Mệnh đề 2 The simple future When/ if/ till/ untill/ as soon as/ while / as long as/ before The simple present Ví dụ: As long as I finish my work, I’ll visit you. They’ll ring me as soon as they get home. Before I go to work, I’ll have breakfast. II. Thì tương lai tiếp diễn (the future progressive) 1. Công thức (+) S + will + be + V-ing…. (-) S + won’t + be + V-ing… (?) Will + S + be + V-ing…? 2. Cách sử dụng – Diễn tả hành động đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong tương lai – Diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra khi một hành động khác xen vào ở tương lai 3. Trạng từ của thì này - this time + thời gian trong tương lai - at + giờ + danh từ chỉ thời gian trong tương lai: at 5 p.m tomorrow…. - In ten years’ time…… J. Thì tương lai hoàn thành (the future perfect tense) 1. Công thức (+) S + will + have + P2… (-) S + won’t + have + P2… (?) Will + S + have + P2…? 2. Cách sử dụng – Diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu từ trước và kết thúc trước một thời điểm hoặc một hành động khác ở tương lai. Exercise 1. Put the verb into the correct form using will or going to. 1. A: Why are you turning on the television? B: I (watch) the new 2. A: oh , I’ve just realised I haven’t got any money. B: Don’t worry that’s no problem. I (lend) you some 3. A: Look! There’s smoke coming out of that house. It’s on fire. B: Good heavens ! I (call) the fire brigade immediately 4. A: What would you like to drink? Tea or coffee? B: I (have) tea, please 5. A: Where are you going? Are you going shopping? B: Yes, I (buy) something for dinner 6. I feel terrible. I think I (be) sick * Key: 1. am going to watch 4, will have 2. will lend 5, am going to buy 3. will call 6, am going to be Exercise 2. Put the verb into the correct form using future tenses 1. I’m sure they (complete) the new road by June 2. At this same time tomorrow , we (drive) through Da Nang 3. We (see) you next Monday 4. By November I (work) for this company for 6 years 5. If you call her at 6, she (practise) the piano then 6. By March 15, I (be) here for one year. 7. We (move) to our new house at Christmas this year 8. The teacher hopes we (pass) our exams 9. She studies hard. She (pass) her examination. 10. Don’t call him at 2.30. He (interview) job applicants at that time * Key: 1. will have completed 6. will have been 2. will be driving 7. will move 3. will see 8. will pass 4. will have been working 9. is going to pass 5. will be practising 10. will be interviewing Exercise 1: Give the correct tense of verb in brackets 1, Jack (look) no trouble with my English lesson up to now 2, The weather generally (get) quite hot in July and August 3, That brown briefcase (belong) to Dr. Rice 4, Yes, I (remember) that the order fellow’s noun now 5, Michael (work) thirty eight hours a week 6, I (be) sorry. I (forget) that girl’s name already 7, How many time you (see) him since he went to Edinburgh 8, Fred’s brother (study) in Oxford university at the moment 9, The earth (circle) the sun once every 365 days 10, Up to present, we (write) almost every lesson in the book Exercise 2: Supply the correct verbs forms past simple or past progressive tense 1. When I (arrive) at his house, he still (sleep) 2. She (water) the flowers in her garden while her next door neighbor (chat) with her over the fence 3. As we (cross) the street, we (see) an accident. 4. The children (play) football when their mother (come) back 5. Who (be) that you (talk) to? I (see) him at the gate. When I (come) in. 6. We (wait) for the bus when he (pass) by in his car and (offer) us a lift. 7. I (be) very tired because I (work) all day yesterday. 8. While the student (heat) the bell, they (get up) and (leave) Exercise 3: Supply the correct verbs forms past simple or past perfect tense 1, We (study) a very hard lesson the day before yesterday 2, He (forget) what I (tell) him. I ( remind) him many times, but he still (not bring) what I (want) 3, He (ask) me whether I (see) his pen on the table. I (tell) him that I (not see) it around 4, If I (wait) a little while longer, I would have meet her. I (not see) her since we last (meet) 2 years ago 5, They (go) home after they (finish) their work 6, What (be) he when he (be) young 7, It was the first time I (ever, see) such a beautiful girl Exercise 4: Choose one correct answer 1. After he ________ English course, he went to England to continue his study. A. will finish B. has finished C. had finished D. have been finished 2. I wish I ________ a trip to London last year. A. had taken B. took C. will take D. take 3. He started living here three years ago. A. He lived here three years ago. B. He has lived here for three years. C. He had been living here for three years. D. He had lived here three years ago. 4. Who ________ when I came? A. were you talking to B. are you talking to C. you are talking to D. you were talking to 5. Please send us a post card as soon as you ________ in London. A. will arrive B. is going to arrive C. arrive D. arrived 6. Now he ________ a book about English. I don’t think he will finish it. A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. is writing 7. The foreign guest ________ here almost a week. A. was B. are C. has been D. is 8. Look! The two boys ________ your window. A. were painting B. painting C. are painting D. have painted 9. Before he ________ to bed, he ________ his homework. A. went/ has done B. went/ had done C. goes/ have done D. goes/ did 10. He is the most wonderful person I ________. A. have ever met B. had ever met C. ever meet D. am meeting Exercise 3: Choose one correct answer from A,B.C,D 1. We________ for going home when it began to rain A. has prepared B. are preparing C. will be preparing D. were preparing 2. Tim________ his hair while I ________ up the kitchen A. washed-was cleaned B. was washing-was cleaning C. was washing-cleaned D. washed-cleaned 3. Working for 12 hours a day ________ her very tired. A. makes B. made C. make D. making 4. I am so happy to hear from Mary because I haven’t seen her ________ last year. A. for B. on C. since D. later 5. As she ________ a letter last night, the lights suddenly ________ out. A. was writing/ went B. wrote/ went C. was writing/ was going D. writes/ went 6. How ________ since we ________ school? A. are you/ left B. will you be/ had left C. have you been/ had left D. have you been / left 7. I ________ my uncle’s home many times when I ________ a child. A. visited/ is B. visits/ was C. visited/ was D. visited/ were 8. It ________ me half an hour to get to the supermarket yesterday. A. take B. takes C. took D. spent 9. I can’t believe that my expensive bicycle ________ last night. A. was stolen B. was stealing C. is stolen D. stole 10. I ________ here for more than 10 years. A. have taught B. taught C. teach D. is teaching 11. As I ________ my homework, he came yesterday afternoon. A. did B. were doing C. am doing D. was doing 12. At this time yesterday, everyone ________. in the room. A. is dancing B. was dancing C. dances D. danced 13. After Mary________ her degree, she intends to work in her father's company. A. will finish B. is finishing C. finishes D. will have finished 14. A small stone struck the windshield while we ________ down the road. A. drive B. were driving C. had driven D. had been driving 15. Mr. Hân is going to the USA for his holiday. He ________ up for nearly a year now. A. has saved B. is saving C. saves D. has been saving Exercise 4: Find one mistake from A,B,C and D 1. I had ran before you called me. A B C D 2. I had hidden your wallet before you find it yesterday. A B C D 3. Mary had dug before you plant trees yesterday afternoon. A B C D 4. I had have wonderful love before you appeared in my life. A B C D 5. I had burnt my body before they say good bye to me. A B C D . NGỮ PHÁP VÀ BÀI TẬP VỀ THÌ 1. The Simple Present (Thì hiện tại đơn) a. Form: - Khẳng định : I , We , You , They … ( S. - Diễn tả 1 hành động đang xảy ra vào 1 thời điểm xác định ở quá khứ hoặc 1 hành động đang xảy ra ( hành động này kéo dài hơn ) thì có hành động khác xen vào . Ex: What were you doing at 4. xen vào ở tương lai 3. Trạng từ của thì này - this time + thời gian trong tương lai - at + giờ + danh từ chỉ thời gian trong tương lai: at 5 p.m tomorrow…. - In ten years’ time…… J. Thì tương