The gerund and the infinitive CHUYÊN ĐỀ: GERUND AND IFNINITIVE I. GERUND : Danh dong tu 1. Chức năng:  Là chủ ngữ của câu: dancing bored him  Bổ ngữ của động từ: her hobby is painting  Là bổ ngữ: seeing is believing  Sau giới từ: He is interested in watching films on Tv.  Sau một vài động từ: avoid, mind, enjoy 2. Một số cách dùng đặc b iệt: a. Verb + V-ing: Danh động từ theo sau một số động từ sau : Admit: thú nhận Anticipate: trông mong, mong đợi Avoid: tránh Appreciate: tán thành Consider: xem xét Delay: hoãn lại Defer: trì hoãn Deny: từ chối Detest: ghét Dislike: không thích Dread: sợ Enjoy: thích thú Escape: trốn thoát Excuse: thứ lỗi Fancy: đam mê Finish Forgive: tha thứ Like: thích Love: yêu thích Imagine: tưởng tượng Involve: dính líu, liên quan Keep: giữ, tiếp Mind: phiền Miss: lỡ, nhớ Mention: đề cập Pardon: tha thứ, tha lỗi Prefer Prevent: ngăn ngừa Postpone: hoãn lại Practice: thực hành Prevent Propose (= suggest) Quit: từ bỏ Recollect: nhớ lại Resent: căm thù Recall: gợi nhớ/ recollect Resume: cho rằng Resist : kháng cự, ngăn cản Risk : mạo hiểm Remember/ forget Suggest: gợi ý Stop/ begin/ start Understand: hiểu Discuss: thảo luận Hate: ghét Ex: - He admitted taking the money. - Avoid over-eating - He detests writing letters. - He didn’t want to risk getting wet. - I can’t understand his/ him leaving his wife. Chú ý: excuse, forgive, pardon, prevent không trực tiếp theo sau bởi danh động từ mà theo sau bởi: Possessive adjective/ pronoun + danh động từ hoặc pronoun + preposition + danh động từ Appreciate thường theo sau bở tính từ sở hữu hoặc danh động từ ở dạng bị động Ex: Forgive my/ me ringing you up so early. Forgive me for ringing you up so early. You can’t prevent his/ him spending his own money. You can’t prevent him from spending his own money. I appreciate your giving me o much of your time./ I appreciate being given this opportunity. b. Common phrasal verbs + V-ing: (sau một số cụm động từ) carry on, end up, give up, go round, keep on, put off, set about… c. Expression + V-ing: Một số thành ngữ theo sau bởi V-ing 1 The gerund and the infinitive - have fun/ a good time + V-ing : vui vẻ … - have trouble/ difficulty + V-ing: - have a hard time/ difficult time + V-ing - spend + time/ money + V-ing (present participle) He spends 3 hours studying English every day. - waste + time/money + V-ing : - sit + Danh từ nơi chốn + V-ing : she sat at her desk writing a letter - stand + danh từ nơi chốn + V-ing - lie + danh từ nơi chốn + Ving - can’t help = can’t bear = can’t stand = can’t resist (không thể chịu được) I can’t bear hearing his lies I can’t stand seeing him here - it is no good / it is no use (vô ích / không có ích) : It’s no use phoning him at this time - there’s no point in … - What’s the point of… - to be busy bận rộn My mother is busy cooking in the kitchen. - to be worth: đáng This book is worth reading - be use to = get used to = be accustomed to : quen với - S + prefer + V-ing + to + V-ing: thích làm gì hơn làm gì = S + would rather Vinf than Vinf d. go + gerund để chỉ một hoạt động đặc biệt nào đó: (Present participle) - go fishing đi câu cá go hunting go bowling go jogging - go shopping đi mua sắm go camping go sightseeing go sailing - go swimming đi bơi go dancing go running …. - go hiking đi bộ dã ngoại go birdwatching go boating go canoening - go mountain climbing * Cụm giới từ theo sau bới V-ing: be excited/ worried about V-ing complain keep (someone) dream about/ of + V-ing prevent (someone) from V-ing talk stop (someone) think apologize believe blame (someone) be interested in V-ing forgive (someone) for V-ing succeed be responsible thank (someone) be tired of V-ing in addition be waste look forward to V-ing * Preposition +gerund(giới từ +gerund): Be interested in (thích thú) think about (nghĩ về) apologize for (xin lỗi về) Insist on (khăng khăng về) talk about (nói về) instead of (thay vì) Be accustomed to look forward to ( mong đợi ) be familiar with be / get used to quen /thích nghi với be used 2 The gerund and the infinitive 3. The perfect gerund: Form: having Vpp The perfect gerund được sử dụng thay the present form of gerund (V-ing) khi chúng ta đề cập tới một hành động đã hoàn tất trong quá khứ: Ex: He was accused of having stolen her money. He denied having been there. 4. The passive gerund: Form: being + past participle (present) having + been + Vpp (past) Ex: She hates being called a dull. The mountain climbers are in danger of being killed by an avalanche. I am interested in being given money by my mother. He was punished by being sent to bed without any supper. The safe showed no signs of having been touched. II. INFINITIVES: §éng tõ nguyªn thÓ 1. Ch ức năng: - Làm chủ ngữ của câu: (cùng với các động từ: appear, seem, be) Ex: To save money now seems impossible. = It seems impossible to save money (more usual) - Làm bổ ngữ của động từ (be): Ex: His plan is to keep the affair secret. - Làm tân ngữ của động từ: Ex: He wants to play - Chỉ mục đích: He learns English to sing English songs. - Sau một số tính từ: 2 . Bare infinitive ( infinitive without to) • Được dùng sau động từ make, have với nghĩ nguyên cớ (causative) The Brown made their children clean their room. The guest had the porters carry their luggage upstairs. • Được dùng sau động từ giác quan như see, hear, feel,notice, taste, smell, We incidentally saw the plane crash into the moutain. The man noticed his assistant leave work earlier than usual. * chú ý: Feel, hear, see, watch, smell , find + O + Ving (present participle): bắt gặp ai đó đang làm gì Feel, hear, see, watch, smell , find + O + bare inf. : thấy ai đó đã làm gì • Đuợc dùng sau động từ let và help. My brother let me use computer. The parents helped their children set up the tent. • Được dùng sau các đọng từ khuyết thiếu và trợ động từ: can, could, will, shall, would, should, used to, had better, need, ought to, do, did … • Trong cấu trúc: would rather + bare infinitve/ had better • 3 . To – infinitive: A. To infinitive sau động từ: D¹ng 1: V + TO INFINITIVE : Mét sè ®éng tõ theo sau lµ to infinitive 1.agree: đồng ý 2.aim: nhằm mục đích 3. appear: có vẻ 4.arrange: sắp xếp 3 The gerund and the infinitive 5.ask: yêu cầu 6.attempt: cố gắng 7.bother: phiền 8.care: để ý 9.choose: chọn 10.claim: công bố 11.decide: quyết định 12.demand: yêu cầu 13.determine: định đoạt 14.fail: thất bại 15.guarantee: bảo đảm 16.happen: xảy ra 17. hesitate: do dự 18.hope: hy vọng 19.learn: học 20.manage: xoay xở 21.neglect: lơ đãng 22.offer: đề nghị 23.plan: có kế hoạch 24.prepare:chuẩn bị 25.pretend: giả vờ 26. proceed: tiếp nối 27.promise: 28.prove: chứng tỏ 29.refuse: từ chối 30.resolve: nhất quyết 31.seem: 32.swear: thề 33.tend: có xu hướng 34.threaten: dọa 35.volunteer: tình nguyện 36.vow: dụ dỗ 37.wish 38.want 39.need 40.wait 41. expect 42. intend 43. would like/ would love 44. beg 45. begin/ start 46. afford : đủ khả năng 47. be willing 48. be able 49. expect 50. intend 51.beg: cầu khẩn 52. prefer D¹ng 2: V + O + TO INFINITIVE - Danh từ/ đại từ làm tân ngữ (objects) đi sau, rồi mới đến “to infinitive” Ví dụ: - She advised me to go to the English Club. * Một số động từ thường gặp: + advise : khuyên + allow: cho phép + ask: yêu cầu. + cause: gây ra. + command : yêu cầu, ra lệnh + encourage: khuyến khích + expect: mong chờ. + forbid: cấm + force : buộc + instruct: chỉ dẫn + invite: mời + oblige: bắt buộc + need: cần - We need you to help us + teach: dạy - My brother taught me to swim + tell: bảo. + want: muốn + warn : cảnh báo + remind: nhắc nhở + order: yêu cầu, ra lệnh + persuade : thuyết phục + request: yêu cầu + show : + train : đào tạo, huấn luyện + instruct: chỉ dẫn + permit: cho phép + remind: nhắc nhở * NOTES : + allow / permit / advise/ recommend/ encourage + object + to infinitive Ex: She doesn’t allow me to smoke in her room + allow/ permit/ recommend/ encourage/ advise + gerund Ex: She doesn’t allow smoking in her room D¹ng 3: V + TO INFINITIVE/ GERUND (một số động từ theo sau bởi to infinitive and gerund) Nhóm 1: V + to Infinitive / Gerund ( không khác nghĩa ) - begin bắt đầu - prefer thích hơn - can’t stand - start bắt đầu - hate ghét - can’t bear - continue tiếp tục - love yêu thích - intend - like thích - bother làm phiền Các động từ trên có thể được theo sau bởi to Infinitive hoặc Gerund mà ý nghĩa hÇu nh không đổi. Ví dụ: - He began to laugh = He began laughing Chú ý : 4 The gerund and the infinitive a) Khụng nờn dựng: Its beginning raining Nờn núi: It is begining to rain b) ng t nguyờn mu thng mang ý ngha ca mt mc ớch, mt d tớnh trong tng lai, trong khi danh ng t mang ý ngha mt kinh nghim sn cú. Cỏch s dng chỳng ụi khi rt tinh t nh sau: Vớ d - I like to meet the public (Tụi thớch gp cụng chỳng Tụi thy nờn gp, cn gp d nh) - I like meeting the public (Tụi thớch gp cụng chỳng. Tụi thy vui khi gp v tụi luụn lm th). Nhúm 2: V + infinitive / Gerund ( khỏc ngha) remember, forget, regret, try, stop, need , go on a. NEED Need to do = it is necessary to do :cần phải làm ( động từ nguyên mẫu mang nghĩa chủ động) Need doing = need to be done : cần phải đợc làm ( động từ nguyên mẫu mang nghĩa bị động) Tom needs to work harder. (It is necessary for Tom to work harder.) The grass in front of the house needs cutting. (The grass in front of the house needs to be cut.) b. STOP Stop to do = stop in order to do : dừng lại để làm việc gì khác Stop doing = not to do something any longer : dừng làm việc gì đó (đang làm) They stopped to look at the pictures. They stopped smoking because it is bad for their health. c. REGRET/ REMEMBER/ FORGET: Remember/forget/regret + to V: nh/quờn/tic s phi lm gỡ ( hin ti v tng lai) - Remember to send this letter (hóy nh gi bc th ny). Dont forget to buy flowers (ng quờn mua hoa y) - I regret to inform you that the train was canceled (tụi rt tic phi bỏo tin cho anh rng chuyn tu ó b hy b) Remember/forget/regret + V-ing: nh/quờn/tic ó lm gỡ ( quỏ kh). I paid her $2. I still remember that. I still remember paying her $2 (tụi nh ó tr cụ y 2 ụ la). She will never forget meeting the Queen (cụ y khụng bao gi quờn ln gp n hong) He regrets leaving school early. It is the biggest mistake in his life. d. TRY Try to do : cố gắng làm Try doing : thử làm She tries to pass the entrance exam to the college of pharmacy. Ive got a terrible headache. I try taking some aspirins but they didnt help. e. GO ON: Go on doing s.th. : tiếp tục làm cùng một việc gì đó. Go on to do s.th. : làm hay nói việc gì khác The Minister went on talking for two hours. We must change our ways. We cant go on living like this. After discussing the economy, the Minister went on to talk about foreign policy. 5 The gerund and the infinitive f. MEAN Mean + to V = intend to V: dự định làm gì đó Mean + V-ing = involve: bao gồm, bao hàm, có nghĩa là B. To infinitive sau một số tính từ:  Trong cấu trúc sau: IT + BE + ADJECTIVE + TO INFINITIVE Ví dụ: - It’s difficult to find their house Thật khó tìm ra nhà của họ - It’s dangerous to drive fast Lái xe nhanh thì nguy hiểm. - It’s important to learn English Học tiếng Anh thì rất quan trọng Có hai dạng tương đương như sau: = To infinitive + be + Adjective Gerund Ví dụ: - It’s exciting to play football Chơi bóng đá thật thú vị. = to play football is exciting = playing football is exciting  To infinitive sau 1 số tính từ: Able, unable, happy, delighted (vui vẻ), easy, lovely, glad, sorry, eager (háo hức), amazed (ngạc nhiên), pleased (hài lòng), disappointed, surprised, willing (sẵn lòng), certain (chắc chắn)  Trong cấu trúc: * S + be/ get/ look/ seem/ become + too + Adj +(for O) + to infi. S + V (thường) + too + Adv +(for O) + to infi. Ex: The water in this glass is too hot to drink. This coffee is too hot for me to drink. He runs too slowly to catch the bus. *S + be + Adj + enough (for O) + to infi. S + V (thường) + Adv + enough (for O) + to infi. Ex: He is old enough to get married. He’s intelligent enough to get good marks. They speak slowly enough to understand. * so + adjective + as + infinitive Ex: He was so foolish as to leave his car unlocked. *It + cost/ take + O + to infinitive… Ex: It would cost millions/ take years to rebuild the castle. C . Sau một số từ để hỏi: Verb + how/what/when/where/ which/why + infinitive Những động từ sử dụng công thức này là ask, decide, discover, find out, forget, know, learn, remember, see, show + object, think, understand, want to know, wonder. Ex : He discovered how to open the safe. I found out where to buy fruit cheaply. She couldn’t think what to say I showed her which button to press. 6 The gerund and the infinitive She wondered whether to write or phone. D . Chỉ mục đích: Ex: He tried to study hard in order to / so as to/ to pass every exam E . Noun + to infinitive ( replace a relative clause) Ex: 1. I have many things which I must do/ to do 2. She is always the last to go/ who goes F . S + V + Đại từ bất định + To V (anywhere, anybody, anything, somebody, something, somewhere, nobody, nothing, nowhere, everything, everybody, everywhere) Ex: Is there anywhere to go? He has got nothing to eat G. Sau một số cụm từ sau: - be about :định, sẽ - be able : có thể - do one’s best : cố gắng - make an/ every effort: nỗ lực - make up one’s mind: quyết định - can’t afford Ex: He is just about to leave We can’t afford to live in the centre H. Thay cho một mệnh đề quan hệ: - Động từ nguyên thể có thể được sử dụng sau the first, the second , the last, the only và thỉnh thoảng sau so sánh hơn nhất Ex: He loves parties; he is always the first who comes and the last who leaves. = He loves parties; he is always the first to come and the last to leave He is the second one to be killed in this way. 4. The perfect infinitive: + Form: to have + Vpp + Use: - Dùng với was/ were để diễn tả một kế hoạch chưa thực hiệnđược Ex: The house was to have been ready today (but it isn’t) - Dùng sau ưould/ should like để diễn tả một điều ước vẫn chưa hoàn thiện Ex: He would like to have seen it (but it was impossible) - Dùng với một số động từ: appear, happen, pretend, seem, believe, consider, find, know, report, say, suppose, think, understand… III. PASSIVE INFINITIVE AND GERUND: + Passive gerund: being + past participle Ex: She hates being called a dull. The mountain climbers are in danger of being killed by an avalanche. I am interested in being given money by my mother. + Passive infinitive: to be + past participle Ex: I hoped to be invited to the party. He refused to be taken to hospital. She doesn’t want to be asked personal questions 7 The gerund and the infinitive → Được dùng để nhấn mạnh hành động/ sự kiện hơn là tác nhân gây ra hành động EXERCISES: 1. Supply an appropriate form, gerund or infinitive, of the verb in parentheses. 1. Keep (talk) I’m listening to you. 2. The children promised (play) more quietly. They promised (make, not) so much noise. 3. Linda offered (look after) my cat while I was out of town. 4. You shouldn’t put off (pay) your bills. 5. Alex’s dog loves (chase) sticks. 6. Mark mentioned (go) to the market later today. I wonderif he’s still planning (go) 7. Fred suggested (go) (ski) in the mountain this weekend. How does that sound to you? 8. The doctor offered Mr. Gray (smoke, not) 9. Don’t tell me his secret. I prefer (know, not) 10. Could you please stop (whistle) ? I’m trying (concentrate) on my work. 11. She finally decided (quit) her present job and (look for) another one. 12. Did you remember (turn) off the stove? 13. Jack was allowed (renew) his student visa. 14. Pat told us (wait not) for her. 15. Mr. Buck warned his daughter (play, not) with matches. 16. Would you please remind me (call) Alice tomorrow? 17. Liz encouraged me (throw) away my old running shoes and (buy) a new pair without holes in the toes. 18. I’m considering (drop out of) school, (hichkike) to New York, and (try) (find) a job. 19. Sally reminded me (ask) you (tell) Bob (remember) (bring) his soccer ball to the picnic. 20. Don’t forget (tell) Jane (call) me about (go) (swim) tomorrow. 21. He’s expecting (make) a trip to Ha Long bay. 22. She couldn’t bear (shed) tears when she saw the film “Romeo and Juliet”. 23. His wife can’t stand him (arrive) home so late every night. 24. I very much enjoy (listen) to classical music. 25. Would you mind (buy) me a newspaper? 26. Would you like (have) the next dance with me? 27. Do you hate (be) criticized or are you ready for any criticism? 28. I hate him (make) friend with those guys. 29. Does the city government intend (do) anything about pollution? 30. They finished (learn) and then they want (go) out for a pleasure. 31. I hope (not do) that tiring work again. 32. They postponed (build) an elementary school for lack of finance. 33. It’s no use (advise) him. He never follows anybody’s advice. 34. His idea is worth (listen) to. 35. He always avoids (meet) me on the street. 36. He denies (give) me any advices but didn’t tell me why. 37. I missed (talk) to the president when he paid a visit to my small town. 38. She decided (delay) (give) birth. She wanted (continue) her university education. 39. We hope (finish) (make) the report very soon. 8 The gerund and the infinitive 40. The man has promised (offer) me a job. II. Complete the following sentences using “ bare infinitive” or “ to infinitive” 1. He made me (do) it all over again. 2 . She can (sing) quite well. 3. He will be able (swim) very soon. 4. I used (live) in a caravan. 5. You ought (go) today. It may (rain) tomorrow. 7. I want (see) the house where our president was born. 8. He made her (repeat) the message. 9. May I (use) your phone? 10. He should (know) how (use) the film projector, but if he doesn't had better (show) him. 11. If you want (get) there before dark you should (start) at once. 12. I couldn't (remember) his address. 13. You'll be able (do) it yourself when you are older. 14. Would you like (go) now or shall we (wait) till the end? 15. They won't let us (leave) the Customs shed till our luggage has been examined. 16. I used (smoke) forty cigarettes a day. 17. Will you help me (move) the bookcase? 18. He wouldn't let my baby (play) with his gold watch. 19. They refused (accept) the bribe. 20. Please let me (know) your decision as soon as possible. 21. He made us (wait) for hours. 22. Could you (tell) me the time, please? 23. We must (send) him a telegram. 24. I let him (go) early as he wanted (meet) his wife. 25. Where would you like (have) lunch? 26. You can (leave) your dog with us if you don't (want) (take) him with you. 27. I'd like him (go) to a university but I can't (make) him (go) . 28. We could (go) to a concert, unless you'd prefer (visit) a museum. 29. You seem (know) this area very well. ~Yes, I used (live) here. 30. The kidnappers told the parents (not inform) the police. 31. You can (take) a horse to water but you can't (make) him (drink) 32. I'm sorry (disappoint) you but I can't (let) you (have) any more money till the end of the month. 33. It is easy (be) wise after the event. 34. Do you (wish) (make) a complaint? 35. If you can't (remember) his number you'd better (look) it up. 36. Visitors are asked (not feed) the animals. 37. Could I (see) Mr Pitt, please?- I'm afraid Mr Pitt isn't in. Would you like (speak) to his secretary' 38. He should (know) how (use) the film projector, but if he doesn't had better (show) him. 39. He was made (sign) a paper admitting his guilt. 40. I felt the house (shake) with the explosion, 41. Would you like (come) in my car? ~ No, thanks. I'd rather (walk). 42. It is better (put) your money in a bank than (keep) t under your bed in an old stocking. 43. The bank robbers made the cashier (show) them how (open) the safe. 44. If you knew he was wrong, why didn't you (say) something? 9 The gerund and the infinitive 45. It's better (be) sure than sorry. 46. I saw the driver (open) his window and (throw) a box into the bushes. 47. That is far too heavy for one person (carry) ; let me (help) you. 48. I saw the plane (crash) into the hill and (burst) into flames. 49. There is nothing (do) but (wait) till somebody comes (let) us out. 50. He heard a cock (crow) in a neighbouring village. 51. You may as well (tell) us the truth. It will (be) easy (check) your story. 52. The American said he had seen nine presidents (come) and (go) . ~ He must (be) a very old man. 53. Would you rather (be) more stupid than you look or (look) more stupid than you are? 54. I have a lot of homework ( do) tonight, so I cannot go out with you. 55. it is really interesting ( read) these books. 56. He felt lonely, he had no friends ( play) with. 57. He doesn’t have enough money ( buy) a new house. 58. His explanations were difficult ( understand) 59. I felt something (bite) my finger. 60. I will let you ( borrow) my car as long as you promise ( be) careful. 61. They decided ( not/ go) to the park as it was raining hard 62. The sea wasn’t warm enough for us (go) swimming. 63. I was too tired ( do) any more work. 64. As she drove past his house she noticed him ( run) away from home. 65. I want you ( tell) me the whole truth. 66. We had nothing ( do) except looking at the cinema posters III. Correct the verbs form. ( Passive Infintive and Gerund) 1. The rest of the money ………… ( send) to his parents. 2. He was always insisted on his ……… (call) Dr.Tuner instead of Mr. Turner. 3. To fetch water before breakfast seemed to me a rule…… ……( break) 4. The bird was lucky that it just missed……… … (catch) 5. Please excuse my ……… (come) in without…… ……( invite). 6. No one can prevent the plan … ……… (carry out) 7. This page needs … …… ( check) again. 8. When he heard the bad news, he stood there…… …. (surprise) 9. The hotel ……… …( build) now beside the park was designed by a group of young men. 10. “Do you have any clothes… ………. ( wash) today?” the maid said. 11. Anne hope ……… …( invite) to join the private club. She could make important business contact there. 12. People like……… … ( congratulate) when they have worked hard. IV. Rewrite each sentence as directed ( using the structures with To Infinitive and Bare Infinitive above) 1. The mechanic serviced my car last week. I had the mechanic 2. I felt nervous when I traveled by air. Travelling by air made 3. He could not afford to buy the car. The car was too expensive 4. I advised you to put your money in the bank. You had better 5. There is no need for you to talk so loudly 10 [...]... right 67 Do you agree me a hand? A) give B) to give C) giving D) given 68 Would you like to the cinema with us tomorrow evening? A) to come B) come C) coming D) came 69 Pupils started the lesson yesterday A) write B) to write C) writing D) written 70 I like school by bus, but I hate in the rain and wait for it A) go/ to stand B) to go/ stand C) going/ standing D) went/ stood 71 Does your... 28 Peter: “ Shall we get married?” - Mary: “ Yes” Peter and Mary decided 29 Tom : “ Please help me” - Susan: “ OK” Susan agreed 30 “ I won’t tell anyone about it” , Sue said Sue promised 31 “ I am not going to tell you my name.”, Sue said to the man Sue refused 11 The gerund and the infinitive 32 If I were you, I wouldn’t lend him... be evacuated 22 bread, you usually need flour, salt, and yeast a Make b To make c Making d Made 23 I was delighted my old friends again a to see b seeing c saw d be seen 24 We saw our favourite ballet at the theater last night a perform b performing c to perform d in performing 25 I would rather to Elvis than The Beatles 12 The gerund and the infinitive a listen b to listen c listening d be... more often 13 The gerund and the infinitive A.play B.playing C.played D.to play 15.These plants require……………every day A.water B.to water C.watering D.watered 16.He is expecting a trip to Ha Long Bay A make B to make C making D made 17.Students stopped noise when the teacher came in A.make B to make C making D.made 18.She couldn’t bear tears when she saw the film “ Romeo and Juliet” A shed... B) to take C) taking D) took 63 We enjoy here and all your news A) be/ hear B) to be/ to hear C) being/ hear D) is/ hearing 64 Ask your friends about your homework He would be able you A) help B) helped C) helping D) to help 65 Please try quiet when you come home A) be B) to be C) being D) been 66 I don’t like anybody at me 15 The gerund and the infinitive A) shout B) to shout C) shouting...The gerund and the infinitive You don’t have 6 “You must ask me for permission before leaving” the teacher said to Tom The teacher made Tom 7 The house shook violently and all of us felt that All of us felt the house 8 We can’t possibly work in this noise... written 92 I don’t enjoy to the dentist’s A) go B) to go C) going D) goes 16 The gerund and the infinitive 93 I don’t regret her what I thought even if it upset her A) to tell B) told C) tell D) telling 94 Remember Katie my greeting card when you see him A) give B) to give C) giving D) gave 95 My friends has given up and prefers pork A) drink/ eat B) to drink/ eating C) drinking/ eating D)... he/ a criminal 3 It/ hard/ believe/ some parents maltreat/ children 17 The gerund and the infinitive 4 It/ fascinating/ see/ a spider spin/ wed 5 It/ encouraging/ see/ more/ more young people are going/ university 6 It/ hard/ me/ breathe through my nose 7 It/ easy/ him/ translate this text/ English 8 It/ difficult/ them/ understand this lesson 9 It/ interesting/ them/ play/ guitar 10 It/ good/ children/... This iron bar is so 9 The news is too good to be true → The news is so 10 He spoke too fast for anybody to understand → He spoke so 11 This tea is too hot for him to drink → This tea is so 18 The gerund and the infinitive 12 The cake was too hard for me to eat → The cake was so S + V/ BE + TOO ADV/ ADJ + TO INFINITIVE = S + V/... the house very early this morning”, Tom said Tom said that he saw 12 Jimmy got into his car and drove away I saw this I saw Jimmy 13 Can you sign the papers please? They are ready The papers are 14 Harry’s parents didn’t allow him to smoke and drink Harry’s parents didn’t let 15 I think that you should make a decision soon I want . The gerund and the infinitive CHUYÊN ĐỀ: GERUND AND IFNINITIVE I. GERUND : Danh dong tu 1. Chức năng:  Là chủ ngữ của câu: dancing. với be used 2 The gerund and the infinitive 3. The perfect gerund: Form: having Vpp The perfect gerund được sử dụng thay the present form of gerund (V-ing) khi chúng ta đề cập tới một hành. encourage/ advise + gerund Ex: She doesn’t allow smoking in her room D¹ng 3: V + TO INFINITIVE/ GERUND (một số động từ theo sau bởi to infinitive and gerund) Nhóm 1: V + to Infinitive / Gerund ( không