S & Bookbooming CHUtfNG 1: VAN TAITRONG NGOAITHUtfNG Caul: van tdi Id gi?tai sao ndi vdn taila nganh san xua't dac biit? +) Van tai la m6t ngiirih kinh t£ c<5 muc dfch cua con ngu&i nhlm dip ting nhu ciu di chuyin trong khfing gian cua d<5i tuong vta chuyln +) Van tai Id mdt nganh sin xud't vd't cha't die bifit: TM nha't: van tai Id m6t nganh san xu£t vat cha't vi: * MQt nganh sin xua't vat chdt cin 3 yfe'u 16: stic lao d6ng; cOng cu lao d6ng, d<5i tuqfog lao ddng. Ngdnh van tai c6 du 3 y£u 16 ndy stfc lao ddng; cdng cu lao dijng, la phitong tifin chuyfin chd, tuyfe'n du&ng van tii ddi tuong chuyta trfr la hanh khdeh hang hoa * San xuat trong nganh van tii lam ti€u hao lluong nguy6n nhifin vat lifeu 1 luong hao m5n mdy m6c nha't dinh * Ddi tuong chuySn char sau qud trinh san xud't c6 m6t su thay d6i gid tri vat chat nha't dinh Thtf hai: Van tai lk nganh san xua't vat chit dac bifit vi: Qua tiinh trong nganh khftng khfing nham muc dich lam thay d6i tinh cMt hoa ly kfch thudc trong luong cua dtfi tucmg chuySn chd. N£u c6 chi ia rid ro San phdm cua nganh van tii khOng c6 hlnh dang kfch thudc san phfoi cu th£ vi hai d|c tfnh cua san ph£m cung khdqdi: gid tri sir dung la cdng dung vdi ngudi sir dung iam thay d6i vi trf trong kh6ng gian gid tri ia luomg lao d6ng xa hQicdn thiS't kfe't tinh trong san ph&n bilu hifin bing ti£n cudc phi van tai * Trong nganh van tii qua tiinh sin xudt va tifiu thu khOng tdch rdi nhau Cdu2: Vai trd, tdc dung cua vdn tdi trong nin kinh te quoc ddn? +) Vai trb: - Nganh giao th6ng v|n tai la mdt trong nhiing nganh kinh t£ ky thuat quan trong cua n£n kinh te' quO'c dan. M$t mat nganh van tai co nhifim vu phuc vu nhu cdu chuyfin chcr clia toan bd n£n kinh te' - xa hdi, tao ra mdt phdn dang k£ trong thu nh|p kinh t£ qudc dan. Mat khde nganh van tii ia mdt thi trudng tifiu thu la m6t thi trucmg tieu thu rift ldn san phlm cua nhung nganh kinh te' ky thuat kMc +) tdc dung: - He thdng giao thOng van tai duoc vi nhu he thdng tuSn hoan mdu trong ca th£ s6ng n6 dim bao cho qui trinh sin xua't va tdi sin xuSt cua xa hOi duoc lien tuc phdn b6 lai luc luong san xu^t cua n&i kinh t^ qutfc dan - Giao thOng van tai c6 tdc dung md rOng vd phdt tri^n giao lmi van hod trao d6i hang hod vdi nude ngoai - Van tii ddp ling nhu ciu di lai ngdy cang tang cua nhdn dan g6p phin nang cao doti song vat cha't tinh thdn cia moi t£ng 16p nhan dan - Van tii g6p phdn kh&c phuc tinh trang phdt trien khflng d6ng d^u giSa thdnh thi va nfing th6n, giua vung d6ng bang vd mi^n nui hai dio - VSn tii gop phdn tang cirfrng kha nang qutfc phbng giu gin an ninh xa hdi va bio ve da't nude Dai hoc Ngoai thimng Bookbooming t o m0R v t e tAi - V|n tai g6p phdn tang cudng khi ndng qutfc phbng gifi gin an ninh xa h<Ji vd bao vft ddt nude Cdu3: Khdi niSm vdn tdi qudc te? Tdc dung cua vdn tai qu6c t i trong budn bdn qu6c ti? +) Khdi niftm: VSn tii qudc t€f lk qud trtnh chiiyftnchd hdng hod dugc ti£n hdnh trfin lanh th6 cua 2 nhi&i nude mi di&n ddu vd cudi cua qud trtnh van chuydn d6 nSm b 2 qudc gia kMc nhau +) tdc dung: - van tii qudc t€ gdp phdn thfic diy buOn bln qudc td-phdt tri&i. Khdi lugng budn bdn gitta 2 nude phu thuQc vdo nhiiu yftu 16 trong d6 c6 y€u 16 van tii: " khdi lugng hdng hod luu chuyin gitta 2 nude ty 1ft thuan vdd ti&n nang kinh 16 cua hai nude vd ty lft nghich vdi khoing cdch chuyftn chd gitta hai nude d6 William " . .Vi chi pU van tii chiftm mOt gid tri khOng nhd trong gid hdng hod nftn van tii qudc t£ phdt trifo ldm chi phf van tai giim bdt thdng qua d<5 thtie d£y thtfcmg mai'giQa hai nude - van tii qudc t£ phdt tri& gdp phdn 1dm thay-d<3i ca ctfU hdng hod Vkca. cdu thi trudng trong budn bdn qu6c t<SL Trade day thucmg raaiqudc t£ chu yftu fi hdng thdnh phlm c6 gid tri cao nay c6 ci hdn£ bit) fhdnb-ph&n,. nguyftfi liftu, hdng cd gid tri thdp . Vd trade day thi tradng’ chu#£u Id pKflng nude Jdrig giSng thi hiftn nay van tii qudc 16 phdt tri£n ldm phant vi.J&EilRl^jgdugc md rtog, cir ly chuyftn chd hSng hod trung binh trong van ti!ii du& gSH B^sM £ ting-tii 3.967 hii W ndm 1985 lftn 4.230 hii If - vdn tii qudc t£ cd tdc dung bio vft rich cue ho|c ldm xdu di edn can mdu djch vd edn edn thanh todn. Vdn tii cd hai chtic nSng: ehtfc ndng phue vu dim bio nhu chuyftn chd hang hod xudt nfidp khdu cia m6i nude; chiic nang kinh doanh xudt khdu sin phdm van tii nhdt Id vdn tii dirdng biin .Thu chi ngoai tft trong IMi'vue xudt nhdp khdu sin phdm van tii Id mOt bd phdn quan trpng cua edn edn thanh todn qudc t£. Xudt siftu se gdp phdn cii thiftn edn edn thanh todn qudc t& Xudt siftu se gdp phdn cai thiftn edn can thanh todn. Nhap siftu se 1dm tham hut edn edn thanh todn Cdu4: Ca si d i phdn chia trdch nhiim vi vdn tdi trong ngoai thucmg. Tdc dung cua viicgianh duffc quyin vdn tdi? +) Co sd d6 phan chia trdch nhiftm v6 van tii trong ngoai thuong Id 13 di£u kiftn ca sd giao hdng trong n5m 2000 +) tdc dung: - bftn gidnh du^e quy^n vdn tii cd di£u kiftn chu ddng trong ehuyftn chd ddm phdn vd kf kftit hop ddng thuft vdn tai - nftu hop ddng ngoai thucmg khdng quy dinh 1 thdi han giao hdng cu thi chfnh xdc thi bftn gidnh dugc quydn vdn tii se chu d^ng vd giao nhdn hdng hod - khi hdng hod duoc quyin chd bdng dudng biin thi vifte gidnh dugc quyftn cho phftp su dung tdt luc lugng tdu bufln trong nude vd nd cung thiic dly cde nghiftp vu khde cua ngoai thuong phdt tri£n. Didu ndy cd nghla Id cho phftp cii thiftn edn edn thanh todn cua qudc gia. - Gidnh dugc quyin van tii gdp phdn ndng cao uy tin cua 1 qudc gia trftn th£ gidi Chu Cd mdt sd trudng hgp khdng nftn gidnh quyin vdn tii: 2 Dai hoc Ngoai thu’O’ng Bookbooming 1. Du dodn gid cudc thufi tau tang manh sau khi kf k£t hop d6ng Du dodn thafy khd trong vide thufe tau dl thuc hifin h<?p dg nhu chuySn chd sdc v' s6ng, hang dOng lanh 3. tinh todn c6 su chfenh lech giQa gid xua't khlu OF so vdi gid xuSt fchlu F< : duoc d£ nghi khdng ldn tuong tu vdi trudng hqfp nhftp kh<5u 4. khi ta qi cdn bin hode mua 1 mat hang mi dd'i phuong lai mudn gidnh quy&i vdn tdi 5. khi tSp quin luflt le qud'c t£ quy djnh Chuong 2: chuyfin chd hang hod xua't nhdp khlu bang dudng bidn Cdu 5: Midi niim thu budn? cdc dac tntng cua tdu budn? +) T&u budn lk nhGngtdu chd hang va chd khSch vi muc dich thuong mai +) nhOng dac trung kinh te' cua tau bu6n: 1. tfin tku day Id mdt dac trung cSn chd ^ ten tau se duoc cho vko h6 so luu W qua d6 ngudi ta cd thi theo doi chat che qua trinh hoat ddng cua con tku 2. Cdng dang kjr cdng cua nude sdhffu con tau 3. Cd tku: ed qudc tich cua tau tku se trd thanh mdt phdn lanh th6 n6i trfin bift cua qudc gia dd C6 2 edch elm tau: - Cam ed thudng cam cd cua nude ma no mang qudc tich - cam cd phuong tifin cim cd cua nude ma nd dang ky elm cd phuong tiSn 4. kfch thudc cua tku - Chi&i dii cua tku: gdm chiSu dai tokn bd ia chilu dai tfit mui tku din dudi i va chilu dai cua dudng tiSp gidp giCa than tku vdi mat nude khi tku chd ddu hdng ■; moi nude tdi da vk> mha hi chilu dai cua tku cho bi£t cang dii bao nhifeu di? neo dS.u vk xfe'p dd hang hda duoc an toan - Chilu rdng cua tku ia chd rdng nhSt cua than tku duoc do tir ben ndy sang bftn kia cua thanh tku va duoc tinh bing m6t. Chilu rdng cua tku cho bi£t kha nang tau ce thi qua duoc kfinh dao ludng lach cd chilu rdng bao nhifiu 5. M6n nude ia chilu cao thing g<5c tut dSy tau 16n mat nude cd 2 loai mdr nude: - mdn nude ca'u tao ia chilu cao tha'p nha't tOr ddy tau lfin. mat nude khi tku khdng chd hang - mdn nude tdi da ia chilu cao thing gdc tCr ddy tau len mat nude klii tku cho ddy hkng vdo miia he Mdn nude con thay doi theo mua va vung biln ma tau di qua: ve mua hfe vil vilng nude ngot thi mon nude cua tau ldn hon 6. Trong luong hay con goi la luong gian nude cua tau la trong luong cua khC'i nude ma tdu chie'm chd tfnh bang td'n dai. Trong luong cua tau duoc tinh bang each Id'y M thi tich cua khd'i md tau chiem chd chia cho 35 Trong luong cua tdu cd 2 loai: - Trong luong tdu khdng chd hdng la bang trong lucrng cua vo tau mdy rndc trang thie't bi tr6n tail, ndi hoi nude trong n6i hoi phu tung thuyen bd va hanh ly cua ho - Trong luong tau khi chd hdng Id bang trong luong tdu khdng chd hdng cdng vdi trong luong cua dau ma nude ngot luong thuc thuc ph£m d6 du tru khde vat lieu chen 16t vd trong lirong cua hang hoa thuong mai m& tau chd duoc Dai hoc Ngoai thuong Bookbooming Bfrp fin m0R v$h Y fa 7. Trong tii li siic chd cua tiu dugc t£nh bing tdn dii 6 mdn nude tdi da vi miia ddng mila hi ho|c 6 viing biin cd lien quan tiiy tiStng tnrfmg hgp. Cd 2 loai trong tii cua tiu: - Trong tii toin phdn c&a tiu li bing tdng trong lugng hing hoi thucmg mai, trgng lugng nhiin liiu, nude nggt, luong thuc thuc phlm, vat lifiu chin Idt dd du trfl khde vi phu titng tfnh blng DW= HD- LD - Trong tii tinh cua tiu li trgng lugng hing hda thucmg mai mi tiu cd thi chd dugc. Trpng tii tinh cua tiu chlnh bing trpng tii toin phdn cua tiu trCt di trgng lugng cua nhien lieu nude ngot lucmg thuc thuc phlm dd du trtt khde vi phu timg. Tr<?ng tii tinh cua tiu li mdt dai lugng thay ddi vl nd phu thudc vio khdi lugng nhien lieu, nude nggt lucmg thuc, thuc phlm cd tren tiu 8. Dung tfch dang k£ cua tiu li thi tfch cdc khoing trong khip kfn tr6n tiu dugc tinh bang mit khdi hoac bing tdn dang k^ bing 100 hay bing 2,83 mit khdi Cd 2 loai dung tfch dang kf: - Dung tfch dang k^ toin phdn: li dung tfch cua cdc khoing trdng khip kfn trfin tiu tfnh tit ben tren eung trcf xudng trfit cdc khoing trdng sau: khoing trdng di chira nude din tiu, ldi di trong hdm tiu budng ve sinh phdng svra chfia khdi dung tfch dang kp toin phdn dCing di thdng ke tiu bi6n chi si quan thuy thu luc dilng di tfnh cdc loai phf nhu phf dang k^ - Dung tfch dang k^ tjnh 1& dung tfch cua cdc khoing trdng khip kfn di chtia hing tr6n tiu. Dung tfch dang k^ tfnh bing dung tfch dang k$ toin phdn tr£r di dung tfch cdc phdng an &, giii tri ciia thuyin truimg vi thuyin viin dung tfch budng mdy vi budng hoa tieu. Dung tfch dang k$ tinh cua tiu thudng dimg di tfnh phf qua kfinh dio phf cing phf hoa tieu 9. Dung tfch chtfa hing li khi n3ng xip cdc loai hing hod khde nhau trong hdm tiu cua con tiu. Cd hai loai dung tfch chiia hing cua tiu - Dung tfch ehtia hing cd ban kiin li khi n3ng xip hing cd bao gdi trong hdm tiu tfnh bing don vi. Dung tfch niy dugc tfnh blng cdch lSy chiiu dii nhdn vdi chiiu rdng vi chiiu cao cua hdm tiu - Dung tfch chiia hing rdi li khi nang xip cdc hing rdi trong hdm tiu tfnh blng don vi. Dung tfch chtfa hing rdi cua m<Jt con tiu bao gift eung ldn hem dung tfch chtia hing bao kjen cua nd tit 5-10 % vl hing rdi cho phip tin dung hit thi tfch cua cdc hdm tiu 10. He sd xip hing cua tiu li ty If giOa dung tfch chtfa hing cua tiu vi trong tii tinh cua tiu. Cdng thtfc tfnh: g , CS(m'!C.fi) D\WCC CL cho biit mdt tdn trong tii tinh tucmg ducmg vdi bao nhieu dcm vi dung tfch chiia hing cua con tiu dd 11. He sd xip hing cua hing hod li ty 16 gitta thi tfch vi trgng lugng cua mit hing dd khi hing dd dugc x£p trong hdm tiu. He sd xip hing cua hing hod ndi ro mdt tdn dii cua hing hod chiim bao nhieu dcm vi thi tfch trong hdm tiu ki ci dung sai cho phip khi xip. Hing dugc coi li hing nang niu cd SF>40 C.ft/tdh. Khi xip 4 Dai hoc Ngoai thipong Bookbooming s r t p t e z n t e v n n t± i tidng xud'ng tdu muO'n dung hit trong tdi vd dung tich cua tdu thi phdi chpn m6t hoac nhilu mat hdng c6 he s6 xlp hdng bdng he s6 xfip hdng cia tdu. N<5i cdch khdc phai x6'p cdc mat hdng khdc nhau thoa man he phuong tiinh: X+Y Trong d6: X,Y: Id trong luong cua titng mat hdng tuong ting Sfx: he s6' xe'p hdng cua mdt hdng X Sfy: hi s6 x£p hdng cua mat hdng Y DWCC: trong tai tjnh cua tdu CS: dung tfch chtia hdng cua tdu Cdu 6: Cdc loai tdu budn chd hdng? * Phdn loai theo cOng dung: - Tdu chd hdng kh<5: chd nhflng mat hdng d thi ran c6 hay khdng c6 bao bl. G6m nhflng dang sau: 1. Tdu chd hdng Mch hod: chd nhflng mat hdng do ngdnh cdng nghiep sdn xutft thudng duoc ddng bao cd gid tri tucrng dtfi cao 2. Tdu container: Id tdu chd hdng bdch hod hien dai c6 nhflng phuong tien trang thie't bi hien dai c6 trong tai ldn tdc dd ldn hon tdu chd hdng bdch hod thdng thudng rdt nhieu 3. Tdu chd xd - lan: tr£n xd lan cd container, tdu sit dung he thdng xlp dd chlm n6i bdng nude 4. Tdu chd hdng khd cd khdl lucmg ldn: chd nhflng mat hdng d thi rdn khdng cd bao bi vd cd khdi luong ldn nhu than quang phdi phdt cdu tao cd thie't bi Me hfit hdng ddi 5. Tdu chd hdng kit hop: tdu chd hai hay nhilu mdt hdng khde nhau - Tdu chd hdng ldng: chuyen chd hdng d thi Idng khdng cd bao bl nhu ddu mo ga hda chdt tdu cd trang thie't bi he't stic hien dai. Gdm cdc loai nhu: tdu chd ddu cd 4 boong trong tai, tdu chd khf ddt thien nhien hod ldng tdu chd khf ddu hod ldng * Phan loai theo cd tdu: - Tdu cuc ldn tdu chd ddu thd cd trong tai tir 350.000 tdn trd I6n - Tdu rd't ldn Id nhflng tdu cd trong tdi tir 200.000 tdn din 350.000 tdn - Tdu loai trung blnh: Id nhflng tdu chd hdng rdi vd hdng bdch hod cd trong tai dudi 200.000 tdn - Tdu loai nho: Id nhflng tdu cd trong tai vd dung tfch dang kj> nhd. Tuy nhien chi nhflng tdu cd dung tfch tit 300 tdn trd len mdi duoc xlp vdo danh sdeh ddi tdu biiOn cua thi gidi. Ngodi ra cdn tdu cd Panamax la nhflng tdu cd chilu ngang ldn nhd't cd thi qua duoc kenh ddo Panama * Phan loai theo cd tdu: - Tdu sir dung cd thudng - Tdu sit dung cd phuong tien * Phan loai theo pham vi kinh doanli 5 Dai hoc Ngoai thimng Bookbooming s t o t o htOr v t o t&i - Tiu chay bi&i gin li nhttng tiu cd trgng tii khdng nhttng cing cdch nhau khdng xa, nhdm tap trung ngu6n hing cho c&c cau chay vbngbiin xa chuyftn chd c\ - Tiu chay biin xa: li nhttng tiu cd trgng tii ldn thudng kinh do***1 vdi khoing eich trftn 4000 km * Phan loai theo tudi tiu: - tiu trfc c6 tudi nhd hon 15 - tiu trung binh: tit 15- 25 tu<5i - tiu gii c6 trftn 25 - tiu rift gii cd tudi trftn 45 yW Cdu 7: Khdi ni$m cdng biin? CMc ndng ctia cdng biin? N h i4 in biin vi$t nam? * u +) Cing biin li noi ra vio neo ddu cia tiu biin li noi phyc vu hod li diu mdi giao thdng quan trgng cia 1 nude +) chtfc n3ng: Cing biin cd hai chttc nang: - phuc v\i tiu biin cing li noi ra vio neo d&u cua tiu li ncri ^ vu dua d6n tiu ra vio lai dit eung ting diu md nude nggt vft sinh sfina c y t - Phuc vu hing hoi: cing phii lim nhiftm vy xftp dd giao n il# 1* quin luu kho tii chft ddng g<5i phin ph<fi hing hod XNK . Cing e d n 1®- cdc thi tuc XNK li noi bit diu tiftjp tuc hay kftt thtic qud trtnh vdn t&i +) Nhiftm vu vi quyin han cua cing biin vift nam: -titiO*1 - Xdy dung quy hoach k& hoach phdt triin cia cing biin t r o n g * nhiftm qu - Phdi hgp hoat dQng cia cdc td chtfc ca quan thuc hiftn chde nude tai cing biin ^ - kiim tra gidm sit vife thgc hien cic quy djnh ciia phip luA* ~sr ninh toin cing vi ludng ra vio cing *-»o£c - Phdi hgp vdi cdc ca quan thtfe hiftn hoat dQng flm kiftin cdu cd6 nhi£mm6itrudng •*; - Ctfp gidy ph6p cho tiu ra vio cing vi thuc hiftn yftu cdu v£ hing hii - jj.6' - Yftu ciu cic ci nhin ca quan httu quan eung dp cic thdng tin hiftn chdc nang quin ty nhi nude cua cing Cdu 8: Trang thiit bi vd cdc chi tiiu hoat d$ng cdng biin? +) Thiftt bi cia cing bao gdm: ‘ . - Tirang thiftt bi phuc vy tiu ra vio neo diu gdm: ciu tiu ludn lacxt*- s6ng phao tram hoa tiftu _ ^ - Trang thifit bi phuc vu van chuyin xftp dd hing hoi gdm: cin c-= ndng hing miy bom htit hing red bing chuyen - Co sd vit chit kp thudt phuc vy bio quin luu kho hing hoi kho hing hoi kho ngoai quan bi chtfa diu - Hft thdng dudng giao thdng vta tii trong pham vi cing vi cic ctf* cua cing nhu dudng b6 dudng sit - Hft thdng trang thiftt bi ndi cua cing: cin ciu ndi phao n<5i tiu hoa Dai hoc Ngoai thuang Bookbooming BrtPrtRffi0RV$RTfa - nhdm trang thie't bi khdc dte chie'u sdng thOng tin lien lac mdy t£nh +) chi tifiu hoat ddng: - S6 luong tku hoac tong dung tfch dang ky trong tSi todn phdn ra vdo cang trong 1 n3m chi ti6u ndy phan inh mire dd nhdn nhip cua cing - Stf tdu bi£n c6 thi xSp d5 hdng ciing 1 luc - khdi luong hdng hod xep dd trong 1 n3m - MCrc x£p dd cua cdng chi tieu ndy ndi 16n mile dd co gidri hod nang xud't x£p dd cua mdt cang - Khi ning chtfa hang hoi d kho b31 phdn ting mtic dd quy md cua ding - Chi phi x£p dd hdng hod cdng phi phf lai dat hoa tifiu phan dnh nang suSt trir.l dd quin Ijf cua cang Cdu 9: Khdi niim tdu cho? Phuong thi'cc thui tdu char dac diim vd trvzbn, hop dp dung? +) Khdi niem: tiu cho Id tau chay thudng xuyfin trfin 1 tuygh dudng nh£t dir,'. gh6 qua nhGng cdng rMt dinh vd theo mdt lich. trinh dinh. trade Phuong thtic thue tau cho Id viec chu hdng lien he vdi chi tdu hay dai ty cut chu tau yfiu cdu danh 1 chd tren tdu d£ chuyfin cho hdng hod tflr 1 cang ndy d£n dra?- khdc +) Dac die’m cua phuong thtfc thue tdu cho: - tdu chay gifla cdc cang theo 1 lich trinh cdng bd trade - chving tir dilu chinh cdc mdi quan he trong tliue tdu cho Id vdn don &aOn< bi£n - B/L - khi thue tdu cho chit hdng phdi mac nhien thira nhdn nhffng di&J kien do clu': tau quyfi't djnh vd duoc in sdn vdo mat sau B/L - Gid cudc tdu chqr g6m ca chi phf x£p dd do cdc hang tdu quy djnh vd duoc ir- sSn 6 bang cudc. Uu di^m cua viec ndy Id de ddng don gian cho nhung chit hdng khdng thdng thao. Nhuoc di&n cua nd la cudc thudng cao vd khdng mdc cd d£ giair; gid cudc vi tdu cho la tdu nho theo 1 lich trinh djnh trade vd khdng phai luc ndo cun? ddy hdng - Cdc chu tau thudng thanh lap cdc cdng hdi tdu cho hoac cdng hdi cudc phf fr! khdng ch£ thi trudng vd ning cao kha nang canh tranh +) Trudng hop dp dung: - chu hdng cd khdi luong hdng hoa khdng ldn khdng xep dQ mdt con tau - Khi lich trinh cua tdu phu hop vdi cang bde va cang bde dd hdng cua chilng U Cdu 10: Tdu chuyen? Phuong thvee thui tdu chuyen cdc hinh thi'cc thui tern chuyi'n? +) Khdi niem: - Tdu chuye'n la tdu chuyen chd hdng hod gitta hai hay nhi£u cang theo y6u cdu cua chu hdng trfen co sd mdt hop ddng thue tdu - thue tau chuyen Id viec chu hdng lien he vdi chu tdu hoac dai dien cua chu tdu yeu cdu thue todn bd con tdu de chuyen chd hdng hod tir 1 cang hoac nhi6u cdng xSp dSn 1 hay nhifiu cang dd +) DSc diem: 7 Dai hoc Ngoai thimng Bookbooming sftp Ar ni&n vte t Aj - tdu khdng chay theo 1 lich trtnh c6 dinh nhu tku chor mi theo yfiu c3il cua chu hdng - tku chuyfin chd thudng c6 1 boong mieng him r$ng d& de ddng van chuyln hkng hod len xudng - tdc d<> cua tku chuyen tuong ddi chflm hon tku ch<jr: tir 14-16 hdi 1$ / gid so vdi 18-20 hdi If / tr6n gid cua tku chgr - di&i chinh mdi quan he gifia cdc ben trong thue tku chuygn lk hqrp ddng thue tiu chuyen vi B/L. Trong d6 C7P di£u chinh mdi quan he gitta ngudi thue tku vk ngudi chuyen chd nhdn hkng di x£p len tku n6 se diSu chinh mdi quan he gifia ngudi thue tku vk ngudi chuyen chd vdi ngudi gun hkng vdi ngudi nhdn hkng. - ngudi thue t&u tu do thod thudn v£ cdc diiu kidn chuyen chd vk gid cudc trong hop d6ng thu£ tku - gid cudc trong hop d6ng thue tku c6 th£ bao gdm ca chi phf xep dd hoac khdng lk do thod thudn cua cdc ben - tku chuyfin thudng duoc ddng khi chuyen chd hkng cd khdi luong ldn nhu than dd ngu cdc bd xft va ngudi thue tku phdi cd 1 khdi lUqmg hkng hod du ldn d£'xfp du mQt con tku +) Cdc hlnh thtic thue tku chuyfin - thue tku chuyen mdt: ttic thue tku d6 chd hkng tit mQt cdng nky d6n m$t cdng khdc - thue chuy£n khti hdi: tdc thud tku chd hkng tit 1 cdng nky deh mQt cdng khdc rdi lai chd hkng tir cdng dd v£ cdng khdi hkng - thue tail chuyeh lien tuc: ttic lk thue tku chd hkng tir 1 cdng nky d£n 1 cang khdc nhilu chuydn lien tiSp nhau - thue khodn chu hkng se can cti vko nhu cdu hkng hod cua mlnh d£ khodn cho chu tku chuyen chd trong 1 thdi gian nhdt djnh - thue bao: chu hkng se thue tokn bd phuong tien chuyen chd d6 van chuyen hkng hod - thue tku dinh han: chu hkng se thue tku trong 1 khodng thdi gian di chuyen chd hkng hod. C6 2 hlnh thtic lk thue tdu dinh han.tron cdnghla lk chi thue tku mk khdng thue si quan thuy thu trtn tku. Thue tku dinh han khdng trctn cd nghia lk thud tku ciuig vdi cd sf quan thuy thu trfin tku Cdu 11: khdi niim vd chitc n&ng cua B/L? +) khdi niem: van don dudng biin lk chting tir chuyen chd hkng hod do ngudi chuyen chd hoac dai di$n cua ngudi chuyen chd cdp cho chi hkng sau khi hkng da duoc xgp len tdu hay du<?c nhkn di x€p len tdu - Ngudi cdp B/L: ngudi chuyen chd thuy6n trudng dai If cua ngudi chuyen chd. ten ghi r6 ho ten h9 tu cdch phdp If trtn B/L - Ihdi diem cap B/L: sau khi hkng hod du<?c xep len tku hoac sau khi hdng hoa dugc nhdn di x£p - Ngudi dUQic cdp B/L: lk chu hkng hay ngudi giao nhdn thay mat chi hdng +) Chile nang: - Van don dudng bi&i lk chting nhSn lhqrp ddng chuyen chd hkng hod bdng dudng bi&i da dir<?c k$ kdt 8 Dai hoc Ngoai thirong Bookbooming B f tp t o m to v t o t &3 - van don dudng biin li bifen lai nhto hing do ngudi chuyftn chd phdt hinh cho ngudi gud hing - Van don dudng biin la chtfng tit xdc nhto quyin sd huu hing hod ghi trftn vto dan. Ai c6 vto don trftn tay ngudi c6 quyin ddi sd huu hing hoa ghi trftn do. Do tfnh chft sd hfiu nftn vto don li mdt chutig tit lira th6ng dugc, ngudi ta c6 thi mua bdn chuyin nhuong van don Cdu 12: The ndo la vdn darn dich danh vdn dm vd danh vd vdn dan theo link? +) Van don dfch danh: ghi ro tftn vi dia chi nMn hing chi c6 ngudi tftn, dia chi ghi trftn van don mdi dugc nhto hang. Vto don khdng thi chuyin nhugng bang cdch ky hau Vto don dich danh phdt hinh khi: - Gift hing til cd nhto - Gii hing qui bid'u -Girt hing triin lam - Givr hing tit cdng ty me dft'n cdng ty con +) Vto don theo lftnh li vto don trftn dd khdng ghi r5 tftn vi dia chi ngudi nhto hing mi chi ghi chit hay cd ghi tftn vi dia chi ngudi nhto hing - Cac cdch ty hau di chuyftn nhuong vto don: ty hau dfch danh: mat sau ciia vto dctn goc ngudi ky Mu se ghi ro ho tftn ngudi hudng lei vto don vi ghi ro tftn mlnh kf ddng dto xac nhto Mu theo lftnh: mat sau vto don thay vl viftc ghi dfch danh tftn ngudi hudng loi ngudi kf hto ghi theo lftnh cua mdt ngudi hudng led nio dd hto vd danh: ngudi ky hto chi di tftn mlnh kf ddng dto nhung khdng ghi chuyin nhugng quyin sd huu cho ai hoic ghi kf hto bd trdng +) Vto don vd danh: khdng ghi tftn ngudi nhto hing hoSc ghi r5 li vd danh hoic li vto don phdt hinh theo lftnh nhung khdng ghi ro ho tftn ngudi hudng loi ho|c ngudi hudng lgi trade da kf hto vd danh Vto don vd danh cd kha nang luu thdng ldn nhung nhugc diim li khong an toin cho hang hod vl ai cdm td vto don eung diu li chu sd huu hing hod Cdul3: The ndo Id vdn dcm da xi'p hdng, van don nhdn hdng dixep? +) Vto don da xft'p hing phat hinh sau khi hing hod dugc xft'p Iftn tiu day li bang chimg cua viec da hoin thinh viftc giao hing nhu da cam kft't vdi ngudi mua +) Vto don nhto hing di xip: dugc phdt hinh sau khi ngudi chuyftn chd da nhan hang vi cam kit se xip hang lftn tiu vi ngudi giao hing chua hit trdch nhiftm vdi hing hod Van dcm nhto hing di xep phdt hinh sau khi: hing hoa dugc giao cho ngudi chuyftn chd nhung tiu chua den cang ho3c din cang nhung chua du diiu kiftn xip hing Bdn hing thdng qua nhiiu ngudi trung gian nhu ngudi giao nhto hang hay ngudi gom hing Trong viftc giao nhto hang hoa tir kho cua ngudi ban deh kho cua ngudi mua 9 Dai hoc Ngoai thirang Bookbooming »rtPARHT0RV$RTfcr Trfin thuc t£ ngudi mua chi chap nhdn van don da x€p hkng nfin cd 2 cdch giai quygt - Chd cho hdng hod duoc x€p 16n tku dl dem vdn don ra ddi hodc ngudi giir hkng yfiu cdu ngudi cSip van don ghi ro gid /ngky /thdng/ ndm hkng hod dugc x£p lfin tku vko vdn don nhan hkng dl xfip Thay ddi cdc dilu kiSn co sd giao hkng: FOB thknh FCA, CIF thknh CPT hay OP Cdul4: Thindo Id vdn dan hodn hdo? vdn dan khdng hodn hdo? +) Van don hokn Mo: khdng ghi chd xdu hay ghi chd bao luu cua thuyln trudng v6 hkng h6a vk tinh trang ben ngoki cua hkng h6a Trdn van don ghi: Clean B/L Khdng ghi cua thuy^n trudng nhung khdng 1km inh hudng dSn tinh thdn hokn hdo cua van don Vi6c c^p van don hokn hdo chung t& ngudi bdn da giao hkng cho ngudi chuyen chd vdi tinh trang ddng nhu yfiu cdu cua h^p d6ng, vk nhflng hdng h6c sau nky do ngudi chuyen chd phdi chiu trdch nhiem +) Vdn don khdng hokn hdo: lk van don c6 ghi chu xdu phe chu bao luu hodc ghi chti phan ddi cua thuy^n trudng vi hkng h6a vk tinh trang bfin ngoki cua hkng hda. Cd cdch khic phuc sau: - Thay th£ hay b<5 xung hkng hda trong trudng hop hkng hda bi hu hdng hay bi thilu - Sura chfla hkng hda nSu hkng hda cd thi sura chfla duoc vk n£u nhu khdng cd hkng hda mdi d6 thay th# - Lap thu dam bdo cho phdn hkng hda bi tdn thdt di cd thi thanh todn cho phdn hkng hokn hdo. Luu $ lk ludt phdp cdc nude dlu chua thfla nhdn tfiah phdp If cua thu dam bdo vi cd thi ngudi bdn vk ngudi chuyfin chd thdng ddng nhau dl lfira ddi ngudi mua, ngdn hkng Cdu 15: Cdc trdch nhiim cua ngudi chuyinchd dudng bi/nvd hdng hda ? Trdch nhiem cua ngudi chuyen chd vdi hkng hda gdm cd 3 mat sau: - Trdch nhiem cua ngudi chuyen chd vi mdt mdt hu hdng cua hkng hda goi lk co sd trdch nhiem - Trdch nhiem cua ngudi chuyen chd vdi hkng hda vi mdt khdng gian vk thdi gian, goi lk thdi han trdch nhiem - Sd tiln tdi da vk ngudi chuyen chd phdi bdi thudng cho mdt dcta vi hkng hda bi tdn thdt trong trudng hop gid tri hkng hda khdng du<?e ke khai nfin vdn don g<?i lk gidi han trdch nhiem Trdch nhiem cua ngudi chuyen chd dudng bifo vdi hkng hda theo van don duoc quy djnh 3 quy tic trong dd trdch nhiem cua ngudi chuyen chd lk khdc nhau Cdul6: Ca sd trdch nhiim cua ngudi chuyin chd trong 3 quy tdc? Co sd trdch nhiem lk trdch nhiem cua ngudi chuyen chd vdi nhflng mdt mdt vk hu hdng cua hkng hda 10 Dai hoc Ngoai thirong [...]... thudng + Thdi han khilu nai: - Theo Brussels la 1 nkm kl tir ngky giao hkng vk kl tir ngky hdng hoa ding le duoc giao - Theo Visby lk 1 nkm kl tit ngay giao hkng vk kl tfir ngky hkng hda ding le duoc giao, ngoai ra hai ben c6 thi thoa thukn dl keo dki them - Theo Hamburg lk 2 n3m kl tir ngky giao hkng va kl tit ngky hkng hda dang le duoc giao Cdu 22: Die'u khoang vi tdu trong hap ddng thue tdu chuyen?... do ma't mat hu h6ng vdi hang hda vi cham giao hang gay ra khi hing hda edn thudc trdch nhiftm cua ngudi chuyftn chd - Hing dugc coi II cham giao nft'u nhu khdng dugc giao d cing dd hing trong thcri han quy dinh trong hop ddng chuyftn chd hing hda con nftu khdng dugc quy djnh cu thi thi la mot khoang thdi gian hgp ty doi hoi 1 ngudi chuyftn chd cin mSn phai giao cd tinh dft'nholn canh su viftc - Hing... te'FOB, CIF duffc khdng? tai sao? * Cdc dilu kifen FOB, QF cd dilm giao hang Id lan can tau (diem ph& chia n trach nhifem, dilm di chuyin quyin sd huu hdng hda) * Con trong vdn chuyin container thi dilm giao hdng Id CY hay CFS Nhu vdy, giao hdng container vdi cdc dilu kien FOB, CIF la khOng phu hep vi dilm giao hang thuc tfe vdi dilm giao hdng trong hop d6ng Id khde nhau ' * Trdch nhiem trong hop ding... cic container nky, dd hkng ra vk giao cho ngudi nhan tai CFS d ncd d£n Cdc chung tir lien quan: + House B/L: (van don gom hkng) ngudi gom hkng giao cho ngudi giri hkng + Master B/L: (Van don chu) (Hay airway bill): ngudi chuyen chd giao cho ngudi gom hkng + Delivery order: (Lenh giao hkng) dilng khi kh6ng chip house B/L mk cflp van don chung chu Timg ngudi nhan cim lenh giao hkng xudng kho dl llnh hkng... Bookbooming B ftp t o m en vim t & t - Cham giao hing h6a xiy ra khi hing hda khOng ducrc giao trong ty han da th6a thuan Nifti khdng qui dinh thdi gian cu thi thi MTO phai giao trong mQt thdi gian hop ty m l mdt MTO phai giao sau khi da tfnh dftn hoin cinh cua su viftc Sau 90 ngly kl tOngly hft han giao hing m l MTO chua giao hing thi coi nhuhlng bi mit t Thdi han trich nhiem (period of responsibility):... cang d fe'n 5 Ngudi chuyfenchd giao container con nifemphong kep chi cho ngudi nhan Chu f: Dia diem giao hang la CY Chi phf d6ng hang vao container do ngudi chuyfen chd chiu Chi phi dd hang khoi container do ngudi chuyfen chd chiu Cdu 36: Cdc phucmg hpap giao hdng bang container? Hay gidi thick cdc khdi niem FCL/FCL, FCLILCL, LCL/LCL, LCL/FCL? LCL/FCL: Phucmg phap nhto le giao nguyfen Cdu 37: Khi mua... 3 s Bookbooming Bftp t o m 0R v t o t& j LI 1 khoing thdi gian - N tiu din trade han thdi han qui dinh thi chu hing khOng budc phai giao fe'u hing vl khdng phai chiu mdt chi phf nlo hit Cdn nlu chip nhln giao sdm thi rui ro xay ra do I6i cua ngudi giao hing thi ngudi giao hing phii chiu vl tuorng tu vdi ngudi chuy6n chd - Niru tiu din sau thdi han quy dinh thi chu hing cd quyin huy hop ddng chuyfen... minh phii dd container vk mang vi CY cua cing de'n 4 Ngudi chuyen chd giao container cdn niem phong cho ngudi nhan Chu Dia diim giao hkng: Chu hkng giao cho ngudi van tii, ngudi VSn tai dai dien cho ngudi mua CY/CY Nhflng chi phf ddng vko container vk dd hkng ra khdi container do chu hkng chiu Cdu 34: Thendo Id hdng le’: (LCL) vd giao hdng le’ (LCULCL); Hkng IS: Less than container load, LCL: Lk nhflng... NGudi giao nhan (Freight Fowarder) (MTO chuyfen nghifep) Cdu 47: Trdch nhiem ci’a LHQ ddi vdi hdng hoa i Theo cdng udc cua UN (LHQ) Co sd trich nhifem: MTO phai chiu trich nhiftm vl nhttng thifet hai do mit mit hay do hu hdng cim hing hda, eung nhu cham giao hing nfe'n nhu cd' gay ra mit mat, hu hdng hay ch|m giao hang xay ra 29 Dai hoc Ngoai thirong Bookbooming B ftp t o m en vim t & t - Cham giao. .. cMc chuyenchd theo phuong phip FCL/FCL 22 Dai hoc Ngoai thu’O’ng Bookbooming B 7 iP ? m m 6 R V $ R T ft3 Cdu 35: The nao Id nhan le giao nguyen (LCLIFCL) vd nhdn nguyen, giao le (FCLILCL) trong van tdi container? NhSn le giao nguyfen: (LCL/FCL) (CFS/CY) 1 Chi hang le giao hang cho ngudi chuyfen chd tai CFS cua cang di 2 Ngudi chuyen chc( bing chi phi cua minh dong hdng vao container, nifem phong kep . Brussels la 1 nkm kl tir ngky giao hkng vk kl tir ngky hdng hoa ding le duoc giao. - Theo Visby lk 1 nkm kl tit ngay giao hkng vk kl tfir ngky hkng hda ding le duoc giao, ngoai ra hai ben c6 thi. thi chu hing khOng budc phai giao hing vl khdng phai chiu mdt chi phf nlo hit. Cdn nlu chip nhln giao sdm thi rui ro xay ra do I6i cua ngudi giao hing thi ngudi giao hing phii chiu vl tuorng. edn edn thanh todn qudc t£. Xudt siftu se gdp phdn cii thiftn edn edn thanh todn qudc t& Xudt siftu se gdp phdn cai thiftn edn can thanh todn. Nhap siftu se 1dm tham hut edn edn thanh todn Cdu4: