Kĩ năng đọc hiểu cho học sinh/ Lê Tuấn Nghĩa _ltnghia.c3st@yenbai.edu.vn xChủ đề I: Phát triển kĩ năng đọc hiểu cho học sinh Tốt nghiệp THPT (Developing Reading Skill) Giáo viên: Lê Tuấn Nghĩa Đơn vị : Trờng THPT Sơn Thịnh I. Skill 1: Answer main idea questions correctly ( Trả lời ý chính của bài) Main idea questions How to identify the question? What is the topic of the passage? What is the subject of the passage? What is the main idea of the passage? What is the authors main point in the passage? With what is the author primarily concerned? Which of the following would be best tilte? What does the passage discuss? Where to find the answer? The answer to this type of question can generally be determined by looking at the first sentence of each paragragh. How to answer the question? 1. Read the first line of each paragraph. 2. Look for a common theme or idea in the first lines. 3. Pass your eyes quickly over the rest of the passage to check that you have found the topic sentence(s). Practice 1: Read the following passage and answer the questions below: Passage1: We can communicate with other people in many different ways. We can talk and write, and we can send messages with our hands and faces. There is also the phone ( including the mobile!), the fax and the e-mail. Television, film, painting and photography can also communicate ideas. Which of the following would be the best tilte for this passage? A. Communication today. B. A history of communication C. How we communicate D. Television is one of the most popular mass media 1 KÜ n¨ng ®äc hiÓu cho häc sinh/ Lª TuÊn NghÜa _ltnghia.c3st@yenbai.edu.vn Passage 2: The hamburger is the most eaten food in the world. The first hamburgers were made and sold in Connecticut in 1895 by an American chef called Louis Lassen. Luis called them hamburgers because he was given the recipe by sailors from Hamburg in Germany. Hamburgers became a favourite in America in the early part of the twentieth century. Their popularity grew even more after the Second World War, when they were bought in large quantities by teenagers who preferred fast food to family meals. In 1948, two brothers, Dick and MacDonald opened a drive-in hamburger restaurant in San Bernado, California. Since then over 25.000 Mc Donald’s hamburgers are eaten everyday in 115 countries from India to the Arctic Circle. What is the passage mainly about? A. The history of the hamburgers. B. The chef who made the first hambugers C. The popularity of fast food restaurants all over the world. D. The reasons why teenagers prefer fast food. Passage 3: Travelling by train has many advantages. There are no successful traffic jams, and trains are fast and comfortable. You can use the time in different ways. You can just sit and read, or watch the world go by. You can work, or you can have a meal or snack in the buffet car. Travelling by train also has some disadvantages. It is expensive and the trains are sometimes crowded and delayed. You have to travel at certain times and trains can’t take you from door to door. You need a bus or a taxi to take you to the rainway station. 1. With what is the author primarily concerned in the whole passage? A. There are many advantages of travelling by train. B. There are some disadvantages of travelling by train. C. There are more disadvantages than advantages of travelling by train. D. The advantages and disadvantages of travelling by train. 2. What is the main idea of the second paragragh? A. Travelling by train is very expensive. B. Travelling by train is better than travelling by bus or taxi. C. Travelling by train brings passengers several drawbacks. D. Travelling by train has many good points. 2 KÜ n¨ng ®äc hiÓu cho häc sinh/ Lª TuÊn NghÜa _ltnghia.c3st@yenbai.edu.vn II. Skill 2: Answer stated detail questions correctly ( T×m th«ng tin chi tiÕt) Stated details questions How to identify the question? According to the passage It is stated in the passage The passage indicates that The author mentions that Which of the following is true/ not true etc. Where to find the answer? The answers to these questions are found in order in the passage. How to answer the question? 1. Choose a key word in the question 2. Skim in the appropriate part of the passage for the key word or idea. 3. Read the sentence that contains the key word or idea carefully. 4. Look for the answer that restates an idea in the passage. 5. Eliminate the definitely wrong answers and choose the best answer from the remaining choices. Practice 2: Read the following passages and answer the questions below. Passage 1: In 1807, Noah Webster began his greatest work, An American Dictionary of the English Language. In preparing the manuscript, he devoted ten years to study of English and its relationship to other languages, and seven more years to the writing itself. Published in two volumes in 1828, An American Dictionary of the English Language has become the recognized authority for usages in the United States. Webster’s purpose in writing it was to demonstrate that the American language was developing distinct meanings, pronunciations, and spellings from those of British English. He is responsible for advancing simplified spelling forms: develop instead of the British form develope ; theater and center instead of theatre and centre; color and honor instead of colour and honour. 1. When was An American Dictionary of the English Language published? A. in 1807 C. in 1824 B. in 1817 D. in 1828 2. It took Webster to prepare the manuscript of the dictionary? A. 7 years C. 17 years B. 10 years D. 21 years 3. According to this passage, which one of the following spellings would Webster have approved in his dictionaries? A. develope C. color B. theatre D. honour 4. According to the author, Webster’s purpose in writing An American Dictionary of the English Language was to 3 KÜ n¨ng ®äc hiÓu cho häc sinh/ Lª TuÊn NghÜa _ltnghia.c3st@yenbai.edu.vn A. demonstrate the distinct development of the English language in America B. respond to the need for new schoolbooks C. promote spelling forms based upon British language. D. influence the pronunciation of the English language. 5. In how many volumes was An American Dictionary of the English Language published? A. one volume C. three volumes B. two volumes D. four volumes Passage 2: Coca – Cola is a popular drink for people all over the world. At first, very few people drank Coca- Cola, but now it is sold in more than 160 countries. More than 1.6 billion gallons are sold every year. Coca – Cola was invented by Dr John Pemberton in Atlanta on May 8 th 1886. However, the name Coca- Cola was given by Frank Robinson, one of Dr Pemberton’s partners. Later, in 1888, the business was sold to another man, Asa Candle. He opened his first factory to produce this drink in 1895 in Dallas, Texas. Since then, a great quantity of Coca-Cola has been produced there. Since 1982 a special kind of Coca – Cola has been made for overweight people –Diet Coke. They have used many clever advertisements to increase the amount of Coca – Cola sold every year. Besides Coca – Cola, there are many other drinks of the same kind sold all over the world such as Pepsi – Cola, Sp- Cola and Dr Pepper. However, Coca- Cola is the most popular. People drink with their meals, when they thristy or when they socialize with friends. 1. Coca-Cola was first made A. in the USA C. in England B. in Australia D. in Canada 2. The name Coca – Cola was given to the drink by A. Dr Pemberton C. Asa Candle B. Frank Robinson D. Dr Pepper 3. Every year people all over world drink about gallons of Coca- Cola. A. 1.6 million C. 1.6 billion B. 16 million D. 16 billion 4. Diet Coke is used for people. A. fat C. thin B. sick D. small 5. Coca –Cola is A. more popular than other drinks of the same kind B. less popular than other drinks of the same kind C. as popular as Sp Cola. D. not as popular as other drinks of the same kind. 4 KÜ n¨ng ®äc hiÓu cho häc sinh/ Lª TuÊn NghÜa _ltnghia.c3st@yenbai.edu.vn III. Skill 3: Find pronoun referents ( T ìm từ thay thế) PRONOUN REFERENTS How to identify the question? The pronoun (word) ” in the line refers to which of the following? Where to find the answer? The line where the pronoun is located is generally given in the question. The noun that the pronoun refers to is generally found before the pronoun. How to answer the question? 1. Find the pronoun in the passage. 2. Look for nouns that come before the pronoun. 3. Read the part of the passage before the pronoun carefully. 4. Eliminate the definitely wrong answers and choose the best answer from the remaining choices. Practice 3: Read the following passages and answer the questions below. Passage 1: How can we keep our teeth healthy? Firstly, we ought to visit our dentist twice a year. He can fill the small holes in our teeth before they destroy the teeth. he can examine our teeth to check that they are growing in the right way. Secondly, we should brush our teeth with a toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste at least twice a day – once after breakfast and once before we go to bed. Thirdly, we should eat food that is good for our teeth and our body: milk, cheese, fish, brown bread, potatoes, red rice, raw vegetables and fresh fruits. Chocolate, sweets, biscuits and cakes are bad, especially when we eat them between meals. They are harmful because they are stick to our teeth and cause decay. 1. The word “ he” in the first line refers to A. the teeth C. the small holes B. the dentist D. the doctor 2. The word “ they” in the second line refers to A. the teeth C. the small holes B. the dentist D. people 3. The word “ they” in the third paragraph refers to A. raw vegetables and fresh food C. chocolate, sweets, biscuits and cakes B. potatoes D. meals Passage 2: Dolphins have a simple language. They are able to talk to one another. It may be possible for man to learn how to talk to dolphins. But this will not be easy because dolphins can not hear the same kinds of sound man can make. If man wants to talk to dolphins, therefore, he will have to make a third language, which both he and the dolphins can understand. 5 KÜ n¨ng ®äc hiÓu cho häc sinh/ Lª TuÊn NghÜa _ltnghia.c3st@yenbai.edu.vn Dolphins are also very friendly towards man. They often follow ships. There are many stories of dolphins guiding ships through difficult and dangerous water. 1. The word “ he “ in the line 3 refers to A. dolphins C. sound B. man D. a third language 2. The word “ which” in the line 4 refers to A. dolphins C. sound B. man D. a third language 3. The word “ they” in the line 5 refers to A. dolphins C. stories B. dangerous D. ships IV. Skill 4: Use context to determine meanings of difficult words. ( Đoán nghĩa của từ) PRONOUN REFERENTS How to identify the question? What is the meaning ? Which of the following is closest in meaning to ? Where to find the answer? The question usually tells you in which line of the passage the word can be found. How to answer the question? 1. Find the word in the passage. 2. Read the sentence that contains the word carefully. 3. Look for context cues to help you understand the meaning. 4. Choose the answer that context indicates. Practice 4: Read the following passages and answer the questions below. Passage 1: Horace Mann has been called the “ Father of Public Education” because of the great educational reforms he started in American public schools. He was born in 1796 in Massachusettes. Mann gave up a promising career as a lawyer to become the first superintendent of education for Massachusettes in 1837. For twelve years he pleaded, argued, and lectured the state government to improve the schools. Mann was a dedicated reformer. He even spent his vacations visiting schools around the country. Mann believed the efford was worth the price. In his opinion a democratic republic needed well- educated citizens. 1. The word “ reforms” in the line 2 is closest in meaning to A. improvements C. schools B. arrangements D. public education 2. The word “ promising” in the line 3 is closest in meaning to 6 KÜ n¨ng ®äc hiÓu cho häc sinh/ Lª TuÊn NghÜa _ltnghia.c3st@yenbai.edu.vn A. untrustworthy C. unhappy B. hopefully successful D. dissatisfying 3. The word lectured“ ” in the line 5 is closest in meaning to A. learnt C. pleaded B. argued D. taught 4. The word dedicated“ ” in the line 6 is closest in meaning to A. bad C. devoted B. hopeless D. educated 5. The word efford“ ” in the line 7 is closest in meaning to A. chance C. opportunity B. hard word D. situation Passage 2: Japan has a robot that can climb a tree and cut off the branches with a chain saw. China has a ping –pong robot that shoots balls over the net so players can practice. What effect will robots have on industrial society? Workers earn money and buy the products that factories produce, but robots cannot buy anything. today there are millions of people who work at machines in the world. Robots will replace them. 1. The word “ branches” in the line 1 means A. parts of a tree C. a tree B. a chain saw D. none of the above 2. The phrase “ chain saw” in the line 1 means A. branches C. a tool to cut off something B. a tree D. a part of a tree. 3. The word “ replace” in the line 5 is closest in meaning to A. take the place of C. put in the wrong place B. put in the right place D. place 7 . NghÜa _ltnghia.c3st@yenbai.edu.vn Dolphins are also very friendly towards man. They often follow ships. There are many stories of dolphins guiding ships through difficult and dangerous water. 1 kind. 4 KÜ n¨ng ®äc hiÓu cho häc sinh/ Lª TuÊn NghÜa _ltnghia.c3st@yenbai.edu.vn III. Skill 3: Find pronoun referents ( T ìm từ thay thế) PRONOUN REFERENTS How to identify the question? The pronoun. sinh/ Lª TuÊn NghÜa _ltnghia.c3st@yenbai.edu.vn Passage 2: The hamburger is the most eaten food in the world. The first hamburgers were made and sold in Connecticut in 1895 by an American chef called