BỘ GIAO THÔNG VẬN TẢI CỤC ĐƯỜNG THỦY NỘI ĐỊA VIỆT NAM GIÁO TRÌNH ĐÀO TẠO THUYỀN TRƯỞNG HẠNG BA MÔN TIẾNG ANH CƠ BẢN Năm 2014 LỜI GIỚI THIỆU Thực hiện chương trình đổi mới nâng cao chất lượng đào tạo thuyền viên, người lái phương tiện thủy nội địa quy định tại Thông tư số 57/2014/TT-BGTVT ngày 24 tháng 10 năm 2014 của Bộ trưởng Bộ Giao thông vận tải. Để từng bước hoàn thiện giáo trình đào tạo thuyền viên, người lái phương tiện thủy nội địa, cập nhật những kiến thức và kỹ năng mới. Cục Đường thủy nội địa Việt Nam tổ chức biên soạn “Giáo trình tiếng Anh cơ bản”. Đây là tài liệu cần thiết cho cán bộ, giáo viên và học viên nghiên cứu, giảng dạy, học tập. Trong quá trình biên soạn không tránh khỏi những thiếu sót, Cục Đường thủy nội địa Việt Nam mong nhận được ý kiến đóng góp của Quý bạn đọc để hoàn thiện nội dung giáo trình đáp ứng đòi hỏi của thực tiễn đối với công tác đào tạo thuyền viên, người lái phương tiện thủy nội địa. CỤC ĐƯỜNG THỦY NỘI ĐỊA VIỆT NAM 2 CONTENTS LỜI GIỚI THIỆU 2 1.1 English letters 4 1.1.1 Vowels 4 1.1.2 Consonants 5 1.2 Phonetic symbols 5 1.3 Types of words 6 USES OF RADIO 64 3 Unit 1 INTRODUCE LETTERS, PRONUNCIATION SYMBOLS AND TYPES OF ENGLISH WORDS 1.1 English letters Reading the English alphabet below: Questions: 1) How many vowels are there in the English alphabet? 2) How many vowels and consonants? 3) Can you spell all of them? 4) Compare with the Vietnamese alphabet (amounts of letters, pronunciation, …) 5) Spell letters in words. 1.1.1 Vowels 4 A [ei] O [ou] E [i:] U [ju:] I [ai] 1.1.2 Consonants B [bi:] bar; bee K [kei] kick S [es] sea, sit C [si:] clever L [el] lemon T [ti:] town, title D [di:] dad; dive M [em] mother V [vi:] vowel F [ef] father; far N [en] new; men W [dʌblju] wish G [dʒi:] language P [pi:] peace X [eks] xenon H [eitʃ] harbour Q [kju:] quarter Y [wai] young J [dʒei] jockey R [a:] read; car Z [zed] zero; zig-zag 1.2 Phonetic symbols 5 1.3 Types of words 1.3.1. Adjective (Adj.) 1.3.1.1 Usages: An adjective describes a person or thing. It gives the reader or speaker extra information about a noun or delimits it in some way, such as long hair, red wine etc. 1.3.1.2 Forms: a word (beautiful, clever) and a phrase (an old tall man). 1.3.1.3 Positions: It can occur in two positions in a phrase: - Before the noun as in clear water, beautiful beaches, a terrible decision (attributive). - After any form of the verb be (e.g. am, is, was, been) and similar verbs (seem, appear, become) as in the water became clear, the beaches are beautiful (predicative). 1.3.1.4 Types: We cannot divide clearly, but the -ing adjective tells us about things or events (politics is very interesting; my job is boring), and the -ed adjective tells us how somebody feels about those things or events (Julia is interested in politics; I’m bored with my job). 1.3.2 Adverb (Adv.) 1.3.2.1 Usages: An adverb tells us about a verb. An adverb tells us how somebody does something or how something happens (Tom drives carefully; it rains heavily). An adverb adds more information about place, time, manner, cause or degree to a verb, an adjective, a phrase or another adverb. 1.3.2.2 Forms: The class of adverbs is very wide-ranging in form and is used to add comments to many of the other word classes. - Normally made from adjectives by the addition of the ending: => Adjective + –ly (quickly, hopelessly), e.g. awful -> awfully, incredible -> incredibly; slow -> slowly. - Other words which are difficult to classify, like not, just and soon. 1.3.2.3 Positions: - After verb and/or an object (she speaks English perfectly; they walk quickly etc.). - Before adjectives and/or other adverbs (terribly sorry; incredibly quickly etc.). 1.3.2.4 Types: - Adverbs of frequency, such as never, usually, always, seldom, etc. - Adverbs of place, time, manner, cause or degree, such as quietly, sadly etc. 1.3.3 Conjunction (Conj.) 1.3.3.1 Usages: Conjunctions connect two or more clauses, phrases or words together to make longer constructions. 1.3.3.2 Forms: a word (but, then, although) and a phrase (in case of; as long as). 1.3.3.3 Position: - Before a noun and at the beginning of a sentence: 6 Despite the rain, they enjoy their holiday. Although the traffic was bad, I arrived on time. - Before a noun and in the middle of a sentence(s) We didn’t go out because of the rain. I didn’t get the job in spite of the fact (that) I had all necessary qualifications. - At the end of a sentence (in spoken language): The house isn’t very nice, I like the garden though. (= but I like the garden). 1.3.3.4 Types: - The coordinating conjunction: connects the same grammatical status. Examples: a) The coffee was strong, but sweet. b) We can go to the match or watch it on TV. c) She has a dog and two cats. - The subordinating conjunction cannot stand on its own, but needs another more important clause to complete the meaning. Examples: d) When I arrived home, they had already eaten. e) I had to stop driving because the rain was so bad. f) Can I have a word with you, if you’ve got the time? g) Although he can’t swim, he goes sailing. 1.3.4 Noun (N.) 1.3.4.1 Usages: Noun refers to: - A person, examples: Ann, Peter, woman, Prime Minister, pianist etc. - A quality or a an activity, examples: plant, sorrow, tennis etc. - A place, examples: office, cabin, deck floor, railway station etc. 1.3.4.2 Forms: a word (ship; harbor) or group of words (noun phrases, such as: Second Officer; Dog Watch; some ports; a bigger vessel etc.). 1.3.4.3 Positions: before and/or after a verb (a cat catches a mouse). Noun can be a subject, an object, a complement or an object of a preposition, example: I spoke to the driver of the car. 1.3.4.4 Types: we can easily recognize the nouns into two types: Common nouns and Proper nouns (the names of a specific person, place, event etc., usually starting with a capital letter, for example, York , John, Christmas, Saturday); but both of them continue to be divided into two main groups below: - Countable nouns: + singular: a seaman, a pilot, an idea… + plural: seamen, pilots, ideas… - Uncountable nouns: can not use any numbers before them directly: water, fuel, ice, … 1.3.5 Preposition (Prep.) 1.3.5.1 Usages: We use the preposition to talk about: - Either time or space: in, on, under, beside, through, inside, before, opposite. - Possession (the seat of mine), cause (because of), purpose (in order to), and method (by bicycle). 1.3.5.2 Forms: 7 - Multi-word units: out of, by means of, in spite of, instead of, up to etc. - A part of a verb: get in, pick up, switch off - Phrase containing a noun: at school, in the summer, over the moon,… 1.3.5.3 Positions: - Before nouns of time, places or means / methods (at sunset; about 20 minutes; in classroom; on the ship; by train; on foot; by hand; by somebody). - After nouns to tell about causes, effects (reason for; demand of). - After verbs to tell about directions (run up; push in; reply to a letter). - After adjectives: (good for nothing; excited about going out; It’s very kind of you). 1.3.5.4 Types: - Prepositions of time: in, on, at,… - Prepositions of position (space; place): behind, between, in, in front of, next to, opposite, on, under, … - Prepositions of movement: above, down, out of, over, into, round, through, up, 1.3.6 Pronoun (Pron.) 1.3.6.1 Usages: A pronoun is used instead of a noun or a noun phrase. Pronouns are usually treated as a special sub-class of nouns. Some examples of pronouns are: I, you, he, she, our, its, something, anyone and so on. Examples: Bill’s arrived. Bill’s in the lounge => Bill’s arrived. He’s in the lounge. A person called for you => Someone called for you. 1.3.6.2 Forms: a word (we, anybody) and a phrase (both of them). 1.3.6.3 Positions: as a noun or a noun phrase, but not at the first sentence. 1.3.6.4 Types: - Demonstrative Pronouns: this, that, these, those, one, ones. - Personal Pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, they. - Possessive Pronouns: mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs. - Relative Pronouns: whom, which, that, etc. - Reflexive Pronouns: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves. 1.3.7 Verb (V.) 1.3.7.1 Usages: Verb expresses an action (row), an event (happen) or a state (exist). 1.3.7.2 Forms: a word (watch, steer) or group of words (verb phrases such as look at, think about, let out, etc.). 1.3.7.3 Positions: after a noun and/or pronoun (N = S): He runs along the river-bank; We went on board at twelve, … 1.3.7.4 Types: - Action verbs: run, initiate, judge, throw, … - Non-action verbs: see, know, think and so on. 1.4 Practice 1.4.1 Repeat the letters of the tape 1.8; Lifelines-Elementary. 8 1.4.2 Spell some proper names (countries and cities) and private names (students’ names). 1.4.3 Write down the words (listening to the tape 1.9; Lifelines-Elementary). 1.5 Answer questions: 1) How many letters are there in the English alphabet? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2) How are the vowels pronounced? Are there any differences with the consonants? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3) List some main types of English words. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4) What does an adverb tell us about? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 5) Can a pronoun replace an adjective? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 9 Unit 2 A SAILOR FAMILY 2.1 Conversation: On a bus A Sorry, is this seat free? B Yes, it is. Pleased sit down. A Thanks. B Where are you going? A I’m going to Đà Nẵng. How about you? B Me too! Is your home there? A No, My ship is at Đà Nẵng Port. B Oh! Are you a seaman? A Yes, I am. What is your job? B I am an Engineer in a ship crew. I go to Đà Nẵng for my first navigation. A That’s interesting! What is your ship’s name? B Marine Angel. A It sounds great! Please go with me, my young colleague! 2.2 Grammar: Present Simple Tense - To describe regular events or permanent states. - To talk about general truths. 2.2.1 To Be 2.2.1.1 Positives: S BE N / Adj. I am a navigator. You are an engineer. He / she It is my colleague. great. We / you / they are sailors. 2.2.1.2 Negatives: 10 [...]... chú, cậu, dượng Wife [waif] vợ Others nouns: Danh từ khác Bosun [‘bəʊsn] thủy thủ trưởng Childhood [‘tʃaildhʊd] tuổi ấu thơ, thời thơ ấu Master / Captain [mastǝ] thuyền trưởng Deck Department [dek ,de’pa:tment] bộ phận boong Experience [iks’piǝriǝns] kinh nghiệm, điều đã trải qua Inland ports [in’lænd pɔːt] cảng nội địa Kindergarten [‘kindǝ,ga:tn] lớp mẫu giáo, vườn trẻ Knowledge [‘nɔːlidʒ] kiến thức,... hundred NUMBERS 1 - 9 One Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight Nine 2.3.2.3 Nouns Nouns of Jobs: Danh từ về nghề nghiệp Accountant [əˈkaʊntənt] nhân viên kế toán Job [dʒɒb] nghề nghiệp, công việc Sailor [ˈseɪlə(r)] lính thuỷ, thuỷ thủ Nouns of Family Relationship: Danh từ về quan hệ gia đình Brother [’brʌðə(r)] anh / em trai Daughter [ˈdɔːtə(r)] con gái Family [ˈfæməli] gia đình Father [ˈfɑː δə(r)] cha... Navy Hospital [‘neivi,hɔspitl] bệnh viện hải quân 15 Oversea port [‘əʊvə’si:,pɔːt] cảng nước ngoài Ship [ʃɪp] tàu thuyền Shipping company [ˈʃɪpɪŋ’kʌmpǝni] công ty vận tải biển Seamanship [‘si:mǝnʃɪp] nghề đi biển, tài đi biển Spouses [spaʊz] vợ, chồng, vợ chồng Voyage [ˈvɔɪdʒ] chuyến đi, hành trình Working place [‘wɔːkiŋpleis] nơi làm việc, chỗ làm Years old [jɪə(r)zəʊld] tuổi 2.3.2.4 Verbs: Động từ Come... Động từ Come back [‘kʌmbæk] trở lại Extend [iks’tend] mở rộng, kéo dài Go ashore [gəʊ ə’ʃɔː] lên bờ, vào bờ Go on board [,gəʊɒn’bɔːd] lên tàu Graduate [‘grædju:eit] tốt nghiệp Laugh [la:f] cười thành tiếng, tiếng cười Look after [lʊk ‘æftə] chăm sóc, trông nom Love [lʌv] yêu, tình yêu Miss [mɪs] nhớ, lỡ (nhỡ) Retire [rɪˈtaɪə(r)] nghỉ hưu Take care of [teɪk keə(r) əv] chăm sóc Travel [ˈtrævl] đi, đi lại,... [ˈprɪnsəpl ˈɒfɪs] [reɪni ˈsiːzn] [rɪˈzʌlt] [ˈrɪvə(r) bæŋk] nóng như thiêu như đốt đặc điểm/ nhân vật lớp học thư ký văn phòng quận bụi hướng Đông bạn hướng dẫn sức khoẻ mưa lớn thư viện tiếng ồn hướng Bắc văn phòng Hiệu trưởng mùa mưa kết quả bờ sông 23 Science lab Shady tree Side Smoke South Subject Summer Trouble Veranda [ˈsaɪəns læb] [ˈʃeɪdi triː] [saɪd] [sməʊk] [saʊθ] [ˈsʌbdʒɪkt] [ˈsʌmə(r)] [ˈtrʌbl]... phòng thí nghiệm khoa học cây có bóng mát cạnh, phía khói hướng Nam môn học, đề tài mùa hè rắc rối hàng hiên, hành lang Vietnam Inland Waterway Administration [Viet’næm inlænd wɒ:təwei ədmini:streiʃn] cục ĐTNĐ Việt Nam Vocational training school [vəʊˈkeɪʃənl ˈtreɪnɪŋ skuːl] trường nghiệp vụ, trường dạy nghề West [west] hướng Tây Winter [ˈwɪntə(r)] mùa đông 3.3.2.2 Verbs Borrow [ˈbɒrəʊ] mượn Build [bɪld]... differences between secondary school or high school and vocational school, we cannot deny that, school life is the most wonderful time in our life 4.3.2 Pronunciation 4.3.2.1 Nouns Adult [əˈdʌlt] người trưởng thành Autumn / fall [ˈɔːtəm / fɔːl] mùa thu Career [kəˈrɪə(r)] nghề nghiệp Dry season [draɪ ˈsiːzn] mùa khô Foreign Language [ˈfɒrən ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ] ngoại ngữ Guidance [ˈɡaɪdns] sự hướng dẫn High school... cấp Informatics [ˌɪnfəˈætɪks] tin học Meal [miːl] bữa ăn Point [pɔɪnt] điểm Rainy season [reɪni ˈsiːzn] mùa mưa Responsibility [rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti] trách nhiệm Secondary school [ˈsekəndri skuːl] trường TH cơ sở Skill [skɪl] kỹ năng Social knowledge [ˈsəʊʃl ˈnɒlɪdʒ] kiến thức xã hội Spring [sprɪŋ] mùa xuân Subject [ˈsʌbdʒɪkt] môn học Summer [ˈsʌmə(r)] mùa hạ Test [test] bài kiểm tra Timetables [ˈtaɪmteɪblz]... Sixtieth th 70 Seventieth ép buộc cảm thấy hoang mang thức dậy xảy ra giới hạn bảo đảm quản lý/giải quyết sở hữu, có thực hành chia sẻ ghi chép nói, trò chuyện tốt nhất lớn, chủ yếu cá nhân sẵn sàng chung quanh về mặt tài chính chính, chủ yếu, phần lớn có lẽ Reading Eleventh Twelfth Thirteenth Fourteenth Fifteenth Sixteenth Seventeenth Eighteenth Nineteenth Twentieth Numbers 21st 22nd 23rd 24th 25th 26th . VIỆT NAM 2 CONTENTS LỜI GIỚI THIỆU 2 1. 1 English letters 4 1. 1 .1 Vowels 4 1. 1.2 Consonants 5 1. 2 Phonetic symbols 5 1. 3 Types of words 6 USES OF RADIO 64 3 Unit 1 INTRODUCE LETTERS, PRONUNCIATION. BA MÔN TIẾNG ANH CƠ BẢN Năm 2 014 LỜI GIỚI THIỆU Thực hiện chương trình đổi mới nâng cao chất lượng đào tạo thuyền viên, người lái phương tiện thủy nội địa quy định tại Thông tư số 57/2 014 /TT-BGTVT. young J [dʒei] jockey R [a:] read; car Z [zed] zero; zig-zag 1. 2 Phonetic symbols 5 1. 3 Types of words 1. 3 .1. Adjective (Adj.) 1. 3 .1. 1 Usages: An adjective describes a person or thing. It gives