SPACE CONQUEST Pham Tuan, (born February 14, 1947) was the first Vietnamese cosmonaut and also the first person from a third world country, and the first Asian (excluding Russia) in space. Pham Tuan was born in Thai Binh province in northern Vietnam. He joined the Vietnam People’s Air Force in 1965 and later was a combat officer, fighting in the Vietnam War until 1975. On the night of December 27, 1972, he claimed to have shot down a United States B- 52 bomber over Hanoi, becoming the first and only pilot ever to do so. For his military exploits, Pham Tuan received a number of awards including the Ho Chi Minh Order. He was also given the Order of Lenin and the rare honour of being one of the few foreigners to be awarded the title “Hero of the Soviet Union”. Pham, along with Soviet cosmonaut Viktor Gorbatko, was launched into space on July 23, 1980. In the traditional Vietnamese lunar calendar, this was the 12 th day of the 6 th month, Year of the Monkey (Canh Than) During his time in orbit, Pham performed some experiments. Pham Tuan also photographed Vietnam from orbit for mapping purpose. Pham was in space for 7 days, 20 hours and 42 minutes. Order: huaân chöông Match words with their definitions 1. cosmonaut 2. combat 3. exploit 4. launched a. started an activity b. astronaut c. Fighting or a fight, especially in the war d. A brave, exciting or interesting act. Answer the questions 1. What position did he hold in Vietnam War? 2. What was the special achievement he made during the war? 3. What kind of awards did he receive? 4. When was he launched into space? 5. Besides doing experiments, what else did he do in space? 6. How long was he in space? STONEHENGE A. Stonehenge is surely Britain’s greatest national icon, symbolizing mystery, power and endurance. Its original purpose is unclear to us, but some have speculated that it was a temple made for the worship of ancient earth deities. It has been called an astronomical observatory for marking significant events on the prehistoric calendar. Others claim that it was a sacred site for the burial of high-ranking citizen from the societies of long ago. While we can’t say with any degree of certainty what it was for, we can say that it wasn’t constructed for any casual purpose. Only something very important to the ancients would have been worth the effort and investment that it took to construct Stonehenge. The stones we see today represent Stonehenge in ruin. Many of the original stones have fallen or been removed by previous generations for home construction or road repair. There has been serious damage to some of the smaller bluestones resulting from close visitor contact (prohibited since 1978) and the prehistoric carving on the larger sarsen stones show signs of significant wear. The construction of Stonehenge was an impressive engineering feat, requiring commitment, time and vast amounts of manual labor. In its first phrase, Stonehenge was a large earthwork; a bank and ditch arrangement called a henge, constructed approximately 5,000 years ago. It is believed that the ditch was dug with tools made from the antlers of red deer and, possibly, wood. The underlying chalk was loosened with picks and shoveled with the shoulder blades of cattle. It was then loaded into baskets and carried away. Modern experiments have shown that these tools were more than equal to the great task of earth digging and moving. Answer the questions 1. What does Stonehenge symbolize? 2. How many speculations have people made for Stonehenge? 3. What did the great construction of Stonehenge required? 4. What was the main cause of Stonehenge’s ruin? 5. What was the ancient’s purpose in constructing Stonehenge? Write T (true), F (False) or I (Impossible to know) for each sentence. 1. _______ The construction of Stonehenge was an impressive wonder of architecture. 2. _______ Stonehenge was claimed as sacred site for the burial of high-ranking citizens from the societies of long ago. 3. _______ Nowadays, many people come to Stonehenge for the worship of ancient earth deities. 4. _______ Modern people seem to know about the tolls used in the construction of Stonehenge. 5. _______ Because of its great construction, no one has damaged this wonder. 6. _______ No laws have been launched to save Stonehenge. 7. _______ No modern experiments have been made about the tools used in the construction of Stonehenge. 8. _______ Stonehenge is surely Britain’s greatest national image. 9. _______ Among the seven wonders of the world, Stonehenge ranks the first. 10. _______ Stonehenge is still a mystery for many people. Expected answer: (space conquest) Exercise 1: 1. b 2. c 3. d 4. a Exercise 2: 1. He was a combat officer. 2. He shot down a United States B-52 bomber. 3. He was awarded Ho Chi Minh Order, Order of Lenin, and the title “Hero of the Soviet Union” 4. He was launched into space on July 23, 1980. 5. He also photographed Vietnam from orbit for mapping purposes. 6. Pham was in space for 7 days, 20 hours and 42 minutes. Stonehenge: Exercise 1: 1. Stonehenge symbolizes mystery, power and endurance. 2. Three speculations: Stonehenge was a temple made for the worship of ancient earth deities; an astronomical observatory for marking significant events on the prehistoric calendar; a sacred site for the burial of high-ranking citizens from the societies of long ago. 3. it required commitment, time, and vast amounts of manual labor. 4. many of the original stones have fallen or been removed by previous generations for home construction or road repair. 5. We really don’t know the ancients’ purpose in constructing Stonehenge. Exercise 2: 1. F 2. T 3. I 4. T 5. F 6. F 7. F 8. T 9. I 10. T . SPACE CONQUEST Pham Tuan, (born February 14, 1947) was the first Vietnamese cosmonaut and also the first person from a third world country, and the first Asian (excluding Russia) in space. Pham. awards did he receive? 4. When was he launched into space? 5. Besides doing experiments, what else did he do in space? 6. How long was he in space? STONEHENGE A. Stonehenge is surely Britain’s. ranks the first. 10. _______ Stonehenge is still a mystery for many people. Expected answer: (space conquest) Exercise 1: 1. b 2. c 3. d 4. a Exercise 2: 1. He was a combat officer. 2. He shot