ÑEÀ CÖÔNG ANH VAÊN 12 (BAN CÔ BAÛN) UNIT 1: HOME LIFE A. Phonetics I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others 1. A. soups B. friends C. has D. Mary’s 2. A. comes B. hopes C. takes D. likes 3. A. leaves B. dishes C. hurries D. prepares 4. A. brothers B. magazines C. clothes D. makes 5. A. washes B. kisses C. oranges D. dates II. Choose the word whose main stress is different from that of the others: 6. A. support B. although C. pressure D. responsible 7. A. security B. project C. attempt D. hospitable 8. A. household B. confidence C. left-overs D. expenditure 9. A. solver B. parental C. nephew D. secrect 10. A. biological B. result C. familial D. together B. Vocabulary and Structures I .Choose the best answers 11. How much do men share household and take of their children? A. attention B. care C. belief D. notice 12. Even where parents no longer live together, they each continue to be for their children. A. available B. perfect C. good D. responsible 13. Susan’s family and friends have given her a lot of help in her hard life. A. responsibility B. effort C. support D. sympathy 14. When moving to a big city how can you enjoy the pressures of city life? A. stresses B. difficulties C. problems D. influences 15. Both my father and my mother are office – workers in the post office. They have good jobs and secure incomes. A. high B. low C. reasonable D. certain 16. Parents should get their children to in the housework. A. share B. do C. involve D. join 17. Everyone in the society has to act in to the law. A. agreement B. equality C. obedience D. support 18. Our teacher wants us to feel about asking questions when we don’t understand any lesson. A. confident B. confidence C. confidential D. confidently 19. Michael felt very disappointed because his mother decided to from his hather after 20 years of living together. A. escape B. divide C. share D. separate 20. Although the children are rather mischievous, they always get good marks in their subjects at school. A. enjoy being rude to the others B. enjoy playing tricks and annoying people. C. enjoy meeting and helping the others. D. dislike playing games annoying people 21. I in the cafe having in drink when the police arrived. A. sat B. was sat C. was sitting D. have sat 22. “How long him?” – “We in 1996, but we each other since last autumn.” A. do you know / met / have not seen B. have you known / met / did not see C. have you known / have met / have not seen D. have you known / met / have not seen 23. When I was a boy , I tea to coffee. A. prefer B. preferred C. was preferring D. have preferred 1 24. She came into the room while they television. A. watched B. have watched C. are watching D. were watchig 25. I can’t go with you because I my lessons yet. A. did not finish B. am not finishing C. have not finished D. am not finished 26. I used to swim in this river when I young. A. am B. was C. wil be D. have been 27. While I TV last night, a mouse across the floor. A. watched / ran B. watched / was running C. was watching / ran D. was watching / was running 28. I’ve been in this city for a long time. I here sixteen years ago. A. have come B. was coming C. came D. had come 29. She last came to visit me three years ago. A. She last came to visit me for three years. B. She hasn’t come to visit me for three years. C. She didn’t come to visit me three years ago. D. She hasn’t come to visit me since three years. 30. We built the house in 10 months. A. It takes us 10 months to build the house. B. It took us 10 months to built the house. C. It took us 10 months to build the house. D. It took us 10 months build the house. II. Choose the underlined part that needs correcting: 31. You and your sister went to the cinema last night, weren’t you? A B C D 32. Up to now Michael wrote five novels and over sixteen short stories. A B C D 33. Mark took many trips to Asia since he started his own import-export business. A B C D 34. Did you and your family at Jane’s birthday party yesterday evening? A B C D 35. Last Sunday while Sandy cleaned out the attic, she found her mother’s wedding dress A B C D III. Put the verb into the correct tense: 36. When I (phone) Helen last night she (wash) her hair. 37. Nobody (watch) , so the little boy (take) the packet of sweets from the shelf and (put) it in his pocket. 38. Her husband (have) agood position in that copany since last year. 39. Since when her mother (be) a doctot? She (be) a doctor since 1990. 40. last Fridaywas a holiday. It (be) Independence Day, so I (not, have) to go to class. I (sleep) a little later than usual. Around ten, my friend Tim (come) over to my apartment. We (pack) a picnic basket and then (take) the bus to Forest Park. We (spend) most of the day there. 41. They (start) building that school in 2004 but they (not, finish) it yet. 42. They (not, meet) each other since they (say) goodbye. 43. So far, you (make) no mistakes on this exercise. 44. While Bill (eat) dinner, Alicia (come) through the door. 45. She (go) into the room, (take) off the hat , and (lie) down on the bed. 46. Woody left his house at 8:00 a.m and began to walk to class. While he (walk) to class, he (see) Mrs. Smith. 47. Mary and John are neighbours. They (know) each other for several years. Mary (move) into her house in 1985, and John (live) next door since he (come) to the area in 1980. 48. Hai (come) tomy house yesterday and (turn) the TV loudly. My son (sleep) then, so I (tell) him to turn it off. 2 49. They (not, phone) me when they were on holidays because they (not, have) my address. 50. A few years ago I (learn) that someone plans to knock down the White Horse Inn. This pub (be) the centre of village life for centuries. It (stand) at our crossroads for 500 years. It (be) famous in the old days, and Shakespeare once (stay) there, they say. I (live) in Brickfield all my life. The villagers (know) about the plans for less than a week and already there’s a “Save Our Pup” campaign. Last week we (be) happy, but this week we’re angry. We will stop them, you’ll see. UNIT 2: CULTURAL DIVERSITY A. Phonetics I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others 1. A. kissed B. helped C. forced D. wanted 2. A. ticked B. checked C. booked D. naked 3. A. started B. looked C. decided D. coincided 4. A. agreed B. missed C. liked D. watched 5. A. imagined B. released C. rained D. followed II. Choose the word whose main stress is different from that of the others: 6. A. contract B. confide C. conduct D. contain 7. A. diversity B. maintain C. majority D. record 8. A. reject B. conical C. precede D. obliged 9. A. attitude B. survey C. symbol D. determine 10. A. ceremony B. banquet C. idea D. sacrifice B. Vocabulary and Structures I .Choose the best answers 11. Michael felt disappointed because he was by all the universities he applied to. A. neglected B. criticized C. rejected D. blamed 12. Our parents are going to celebrate their silver wedding at the end of this month. A. the 20 th anniversary of the wedding B. the 25 th anniversary of the wedding C. the 2 nd marriage D. the day they first met 13. John and Mary were attracted to each other the first time they met. A. first loved each other romantically B. were first forced to get marriage C. loved each other at the first sight D. loved each other for the first time in their lives 14. A ring that man gives to a womwn when they agree to get married is called a(n) ring. A. love B. engaging C. married D. important 15. My family have lived happilyin this house for A. stages B. times C. periods D. generations 16. Are children taught to respect different at school? A. fields B. laws C. cultures D. aspects 17. Julia and William broke with tradition and got married quietly. A. did things differently B. argued with their parents. C. opposed their parents D. kept their marriage secret 18. It is the in that country for women to marry young. A. habit B. rule C. requirement D. custom 19. In spite of their parents’ strong opposition , they lived together as husband and wife. A. as if they were engaged B. as if they were married C. as if they were parents D. as if they were getting married 20. Do you think our parents everything for our future? 3 A. exchange B. sacrifice C. lose D. refuse 21. It statistically that the unemployment rates A. has proved – will increase B. has been proved – are increasing C. had been proved – increased D. is proved – are going to increase 22. The workers on strike because they their wages low. A. are striking – ahve thought – have been B. were striking – thought – are C. went – thought – were D. will strike – thought – are 23. The project any success just because most members no determination of doing it well. A hasn’t made – showed B. won’t make – are showing C. didn’t make – haven’t showed D. hadn’t made – showed 24. Many people smoking because they afraid that it bad for their health. A. have stopped – are – may be B. stopped – thought – might be C. are going to stop – will be – may be D. will stop – will be – will be 25. I over and see you but there’s something wrong with the car. A. was going to drive B. will be driving C. will have driven D. have been driving 26. On arriving at the airport, I very worried to find that no one for me. A. was – had been waiting B. am – have been waiting C. was – was waiting D. will be – is waiting 27. This chess game is going to last ages. They it until midnight. A. won’t finifh B. won’t have finished C. haven’t finishe D. are not going to finish 28. I a cheque when I that I nothing in the bank. A. am writing – remember – have B. was writing – remembered – had C. wrote – remembered – had had D. had written – remembered – had 29. When I the lecture and the professor on the overhead projector. A. arrived – already started – wrote B. arrive – will start – will be writing C. arrive – have started – wrote D. arrived – had already started – was writing 30. Tom to study yet. He all his lesson by 11 tonight. A. hasn’t begun – won’t have learned B. isn’t going to begin – won’t learn C. hadn’t begun – wouldn’t learn D. won’t begin – won’t have learned II. Choose the underlined part that needs correcting: 31. Since the world began , nations have had difficulty to keep peace with their neighbours. A B C D 32. That’s my sister over there . She stands near the window. A B C D 33. The marathon runner has been running for almost two hours when he collapsed to the pavement A B C D 34. In a few years’ time we shall all live in houses heated by solar enegy. A B C D 35. By the time he left the office, he have attended three meetings . A B C D III. Put the verb into the correct tense: 36. The walkers finally (arrive) at their destination. They (walk) all day and they certainly (need) a rest. They (walk) thirty miles. 37. That man (admit) that he (hit) the other car but (say) that he (not, damage) it. 38. I (do) my homework when my mother (send) me to the chemist’s with the prescription she (give) by the door. 39. It (be) three o’clock. Susan (be) suddenly thoroughly awake. She (sit) up in bed and (circle) her knees with her arms. 4 40. That house (be) empty for a year. But they just (take) down the “For Sale” sign, so I suppose someone (buy) it. 41. I (just, receive) a letter from my brother, Tim. He (be) in Astralia now. He (be) there for six months. Tim (be) an engineer. He (work) for a big firm for 10 years and he (already , visit) a great number of different places in Astralia. 42. I (have) a letter from my sister yesterday. She (live) in Nigenia. In her letter , she (say) that she (come) to England next year. If she (come) , she will get a surprise. We now (live) in a beautiful house in the country. She (not, see) us since she (move) to Nigeria. 43. In Britain many people (be) out of work today. Ann is 18, and she (leave) school a year agobut she (not, be) able to find a job yet. She will leave for London as soon as she (find) a suitable job there. She (not, see) us since she (move) to Nigeria. 44. I never (get) up early on Sundays. I sometimes (stay) in bed until lunch time. Last Sunday, I (get) up very late. I (look) out of the window, it (rain) heavily. Just then the telephone (ring) . It was my aunt, Lucy. 45. Rob Fellow (come) from England. He (come) to Paris six months ago to learn French. He (start) learning French at school in London when he was eleven, so he (learn) it for nearly ten years. He (just, take) an exam. If he passes , he (move) into the next class. He (be) excited today because his parents (come) tomorrow to stay with him for a few days. 46. I (come) in very late last night and unfortuately the dog (wake) up and (start) to bark. This (wake) my mother who (come) to the top of the stairs and (say) , “Who is there?”. I (say) “It’s me,” but she (not hear) me because the dog (bark) so loudly, so she (go) back to her room and (telephone) the police. 47. I think he (answer) the letter by this time. 48. By the end of the week he (finish) the translation. 49. By May 2003 my mother (work) in a hospital for 15 years. 50 Mai (live) with her grandmother for 2 years before she (move) here. UNIT 3: WAYS OF SOCIALISING A. Phonetics I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others 1. A. chemist B. chicken C. church D. chore 2. A. how B. town C. power D. slow 3. A. heat B. great C. beat D. beak 4. A. university B. unique C. unit D. undo 5. A. mouse B. could C. would D. put II. Choose the word whose main stress is different from that of the others: 6. A. perfect B. discard C. reserve D. distinct 7. A. accept B. forget C. mistake D. object 8. A. whistle B. contrast C. signal D. handsome 9. A. noisy B. formal C. approach D. desert 10. A. indeed B. often C. sometimes D. later B. Vocabulary and Structures I .Choose the best answers 11. Mr. Johnson enjoys socializing with young people in the neighbourhood. A. meeting B. talking C. playing D. mixing 5 12. The requirement is that the applicant must have good skills. A. verbal B. verbalized C. non-verbal D. verbally 13. We sent some flowers as a of sympathy to the parents of the child. A. action B. gesture C. expression D. symbol 14. In an oral examination, candicates must be able to effectively. A. say B. talk C. speak D. communicate 15. If an interview is too easy, it’s a sure that you haven’t got the job. A. warning B. sign C. information D. prediction 16. I asked Johnny where the other classmates were and he to the direction of the school garden. A. nodded B. guided C. told D. described 17. When the teacher wants to get someone's attention in class, is perfectly acceptable A. speaking B. waving C. smiling D. pointing 18. our hands to get the person’s attention is considered to be impolite or even rule. A. Raising B. Shaking C. Clapping D. Nodding 19. In informal situations, a brief raise of hand and a small is fine. A. whistle B. talk C. laugh D. wave 20. American women usually don’t when being introduced to each other. A. nod slightly B. greet friendly C. shake hands D. use sign language 21. Peter said to them: “Don’t leave the room until I come back.” A. Peter told them not to leave the room until he came back. B. Peter told them not to leave the room until he comes back. C. Peter told them not to leave the room until they came back. D. Peter told them not to leave the room until they come back. 22. “Take my luggage to Room 145,” he said to the porter. A. He told the porter take his luggage to Room 145. B. He said the porter to take his luggage to Room 145. C. He told the porter to take his luggage to Room 145. D. He said to the porter to take his luggage to Room 145. 23. They told me that Tom had not come to school the day before. A. “Tom didn’t come to school yesterday.” They said to me. B. “Tom hadn’t come to school yesterday.” They said to me. C. “Tom hasn’t come to school yesterday.” They told to me. D. “Tom doesn’t come to school yesterday.” They said to me. 24. The old man told the doctor that he had pain in his right side. A. “I had pain in my right side.” said the old man to the doctor. B. “He has pain in his right side.” said the old man to the doctor C. “I have pain in his right side.” said the old man to the doctor. D. “I have pain in my right side.” said the old man to the doctor. 25. He saud to me: “Will you see you friends before leave Paris ?” A. He asked me if Iwill see my friends before I leave Paris. B. He asked me if I would see my friends before I left Paris. C. He asked me if I would see my friends before I leave Paris D. He asked me if I would see his friends before I left Paris. 26. “If I were you , I’d try to get a room on the top floor,” he said. A. He advised me to try to get a room on the top floor. B. He advised me to try getTING a room on the top floor. C. He offered me to try to get a room on the top floor. D. He suggested me to try to get a room on the top floor. 27. Father said to me: “Don’t stay there long.” A. Father told me not stay there long. B. Father told to me not to stay there long. 6 C. Father told me not to stay there long. D. Father told to me not to stay there long. 28. He said to me: “Ring me up the tomorrow.’ A. He told me to ring him up the following day. B. he told me ring him up the following day. C. He said me to ring him up the foiiowing day. D. He told me to ring me up the following day. 29. “I don’t go to this shop very often.” she said. A. She said she didn’t go to that shop very often. B. She said I didn’t go to that shop very often. C. She said she wouldn’t go to that shop very often. D. She said I wouldn’t go to that shop very often. 30,”I am going to the theatre tonight” he said to me. A. He told me he was going to the theatre that night. B. He told me I was going to the theatre that night. C. He told me he is going to the theatre that night. D. He told me I am going to the theatre that night. 31. Mike said “I spoke to Mr Brownm this morning.” A. Mike said he spoke to Mr Brown that morning. B. Mike said he had spoken to Mr Brown that morning C. Mike said he has spken to Mr Brown that morning. D. Mike said I had spoken to Mr Brown that morning. 32. He said to her: “I shall do it today if I have time.” A. He told her he would do it that day if he had time. B. He told her he would do it that day if he has time. C. He told her I would do it that day if I had time. D. He told he would do it that day if he had time. 33. “You might check these figures for me,” he said. A. He asked me to check the figures for him. B. He told me to check the figures for him. C. He offered me to check the figures for him. D. A and B are correct. 34. “You’d better apologize for being late,”said my mother. A. My mother advised me to apologize for being late. B. My mother suggested me to apologize for being late. C. My mother suggested apologizing for being late. D. My mother warned me to apologize for being late. 35. “Could you translate this for me?” I asked the official. A. I asked the official to translate it for me. B. I asked the oficial translate it for me. C. I asked the oficial translating it for me. D. I asked the oficial he translated it for me. II. Rewrite the following sentences: 36. “I’ve fallen in love with a beautiful girl,” he said.  He said 37. “I came back from the U.S.A three weeks ago,” she said.  He said 38. “I’m studying at home today” they said.  They said 39. “I’m sorry I didn’t phone you earlier,” Mary said.  Mary apologised for 40. “I’ve always wanted to be rich,” Bob said.  Bob has always dream 41. “ You’d better not swim too far from the shore,” the lifeguard said to us.  The lifeguard advised 42. “You should not drink too much beer.”  He advised 43. “Please don’t smoke in my car.”  He asked 44. “I will come to see you if I have free time,” the man said to her.  The man said 45. “What would you do if you were a billianaire?” the man asked the woman.  The man asked 46. “If you had asked me, I would have lent you my motorbike,” the man said to me.  The man said 47. He said , “Don’t touch anything in this room ! “. He ordered 7 48. “ I feel very week. I don’t think I can go “ said she.  She said 49.”How old are you ? Can you read yet ? “.  I asked the child 50. Father said “Don ’ t forget to turn off the lights before you come upstairs !, Bill”.  Father asked UNIT 4: SCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM A. Phonetics I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others 1. A. thin B. than C.they D. there 2. A. camp B. lamp C. cupboard D. apart 3. A. evening B. key C. envelope D. secret 4. A. nature B. pure C. picture D. culture 5. A. cotton B. bottle C. cold D. common II. Choose the word whose main stress is different from that of the others: 6. A. secondary B. happiness C. sacrifice D. romantic 7. A. parallel B. examine C. technical D. physicist 8. A. history B. requirement C. divided D. achiever 9. A. awarded B. commences C. favourite D. accessible 10. A. destruction B. movement C. important D. appearance B. Vocabulary and Structures I .Choose the best answers 11. In Astralia, a(n) school is a free local school paid for by the government. A. public B. dependent C. independent D. state 12. In our curriculum, mathematics, physics, chmistry, literature and English are considered as core subjects. A. difficult B. main C. popular D. general 13. We have to do well to get into medical school. A. academically B. successfully C. perfectly D. completely 14. In Britain, a secondary school for young people of all levels of ability is also called a school. A. primary B. comprehensive C. independent D. public 15. The period of the year during which students go to school or university is called the year. A. school B. educational C. studying D. academic 16. There are interesting parallels between the 1960s and the late 1990s A. close features B. particular features C. similar features D. All are correct 17. General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) is a British exam taken by students in England and Wales and some other countris A. in any of a range of subjects B. usually around the age of 16 C. in a particular subject D. at the age of 18 18. It is said that students over twenty-five fall into a different category. A. group B. team C. class D. club 19. In the United States, an elementary school is a school for children between the age of about 6 and 12. A. grade school B. private school C. grammar school D. graduate school 20. Many students now have paid employment during . A. semester B. semesters C. term D. terms 21. You’ll hardly recognize our house. It since your last visit. A. was redecorated B. has been decorated C. has been redecorated D.has decorated 22. That book by a famous author. 8 A. wrote B. was written C. is writing D. has written 23. Last night a tornado swept through our village. It everything in its path. A. destryed B. was destroyed C. was being destroyed D. had been destroyed 24. Someone was repainting the house when I arrived. A. The house was to be repainting when I arrived. B. The house has been repainted when I arrived. C. When I arrived the house is being repainted. D. When I arrived the house was being repainted 25. The teacger explained the rule to the students. A. The rule was explained to the students. B. The students were explained to the rule. C. The students were explained to the rules. D. A and B are correct. 26. I still cannot believe it! My bicycle some minutes ago. A. was stolen B. was stealing C. stolen D. stole 27. I will have answered all the business letters by noon. A. All the business letters will have answered by noon. B. All the business letters will have been answered by noon. C. All the business letters will have to be answered by noon. D. All the business letters will have been answering by noon. 28. The president of the board has signed the document. A. The document has been signed by the president of the board. B. The document has been signing by the president of the board. C. The document has been being signed by the president of the board. D. The document was signed by the president of the board. 29. They often laugh at him. A. He is often laughed at them. B. He is often laughing at. C. He is often laughed. D. He is often laughed at. 30. What will happen if the air ? A. was polluted B. be polluted C. is polluted D. has polluted II. Choose the underlined part that needs correcting: 31. The children were frightening by the thunder and lightning. A B C D 32. The students helped by the clear explanation that the teacher gave. A B C D 33. The winner of the race hasn’t been announcing yet. A B C D 34. Progress is been made every day in all parts of the world. A B C D 35. When, where and by whom has the automobile invented ? III. Rewrite the following sentences in the passive voice: 36. Someone can’t make a cake without sugar.  A cake 37. Dangerous driving causes many accidents.  Many accidents 38. I was making coffee when the light went out. → Coffee 39. She hasn’t told us the news. → We 40. The police haven’t arrested the man who stole your money. → The man 41. People think that about million puppies are born each year. →About a million puppies 42.When did people build this hotel? 9 →When 43. Someone cleans this room everyday. → This room 44. Someone might have stolen your car if you had left the keys in it. → Your car 45. Somebody has robbed the bank near our house. → The bank 46. Nobody has invited her to the party. → She 47.Somebody has driven them to the airport. → They 48. People should send their complaints to the head office. →Their complaints 49. They are introducing the game to students. → The game 50. It is said that three men were arrested after the explosion. → Three men UNIT 5: HIGHER EDUCATION Pronunciation: Stress in more than three-syllable words Grammar: Conditional sentences I. Key Vocabulary : 1. application form(n) 2. application(n) 3. higher education (n) 4. undergraduate(n) 5.veterinary science(n) 6. on the offer of 7. consist of 8. apply for 9. requirement for 10. fill in 11. identity card(n) 12. certification(n) 13. requirement(n) 14. full-time undergraduate course 15. socio-linguistics (n) 16. either … or … 17. as follows 18. act on behalf of 19. take a course on 20. make a decision on 21. take the entrance exam * Fill in each gap with a word from the box: 1. An __________ is a university or college student who is studying for their first degree. 2. The wisest _________ would be to say nothing. 3. __________ college is a college that provides education for people aged 16 and older, but that is not a university. 4. Mr.Knight cannot be here, so his wife will accept the prize on his __________. 5. Certain courses are compulsory, other are ____________ . 6. There are various options __________ to you. 7. The government must take ____________ action on gun control. 8. Let’s make a list of possible speakers, in order of __________. 9. ___________ to the golf club is by sponsorship only. 10. What is the minimum entrance ___________ for this course? 10 behaft, decisive, submitted, course, open, undergraduate, tertiary, graduates, optional, entrance, requirement, preference. [...]... + … + S + V, clause Ex: It doesn’t matter what he says, he is always your brother (Dù anh ấy nói gì, anh ấy vẫn là anh của anh) 3 Sự rút gọn của mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượngbộ: Mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ có thể được rút gọn thành cụm từ chỉ nhượng bộ bởi một trong các giới từ: despite in spite of + gerund / cụm danh từ regardless of Ex1: Although he is rich, he doesn’t live a happy life Despite being... trước các danh từ xác đònh Một danh từ được xác đònh khi: a Danh từ ấy được xác đònh bởi một cụm giới từ Eg: The love of his country , The gate of the house, The place of my love, the corner of this room, the day after tomorrow… b Danh từ ấy đã được nói đến trước Eg: I have a parrot The parrot is talkative 19 c Danh từ ấy chỉ một vật độc nhất: The sun , The moon, The Earth, The North Pole d Danh từ chỉ... whom, whose, which, where, when, that, of which, why (cách dùng của các đại từ liên hệ) CÁCH DÙNG Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người làm Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật làm Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ nơi chốn Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ thời gian Dùng trong thể nhấn mạnh và thay thế cho WHO, WHICH trong mệnh đề không có dấu phẩy Được dùng để thay cho cụm từ chỉ lý do CHỦ NGỮ WHO TÂN NGỮ WHOM SỢ HỮU WHOSE WHICH WHICH... Restrictive (Defining) Relative clauses: + Mệnh đề quan hệ xác đònh: được sử dụng với tất cả các đại từ và trạng từ quan hệ + Mệnh đề quan hệ xác đònh là loại mệnh đề cần thiết vì danh từ đi trước chưa xác đònh, không có nó câu sau sẽ không đủ nghóa Ex: The man whom you met yesterday was my uncle b Non - Restrictive (Non - Defining) Relative clauses: + Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác đònh: được sử dụng với tất... khác: a/ Từ hỏi + ever + S + (may) + V + O, clause Eg: Whoever he may be, we don’t believe him (Dù anh ấy là ai, chúng tôi cũng không tin anh ấy) Whatever he says, she can’t love him b/ No matter + từ hỏi + S + (may) + V + O Eg: No matter what/ how he says, no one believes him (Dù anh ấy nói gì, không ai tin anh) c/ Adjective / Adverb + though / as + S + (may) + V, clause Eg: Famous as he is, he leads... đònh: được sử dụng với tất cả các đại từ và trạng từ quan hệ ngoại trừ THAT + Mệnh đề quan hệ xác đònh là loại mệnh đề không cần thiết vì danh từ đi trước đã được xác đònh, không có nó câu vẫn đủ nghóa Ex: Shakespeare, who wrote Hamlet, was a famous playwright 3 Chú ý: a/ Khi who, whom, which, that là tân ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ xác đònh thì ta có thể lượt bỏ đi Ex: The student (whom/who) we met this... of Concession (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ) 1 Mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ thường được giới thiệu bởi: Though, Although, Even though Although/ Though/ Even though + CLAUSE , CLAUSE Ex: Although he works very hard, he can’t earn enough money for the family Though he is poor, he is honest 2 Cấu trúc khác của mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ: Ngoài Although/ Though/ Even though , mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ còn... Beatles was the greatest band ever since The Hawaiian Islands belong to the United States The Browns are moving their house next week The Rockefellers are a famous and wealthy family 3 Những trường hợp không dùng “the”: + Danh từ cụ thể số nhiều nói chung chung Eg: Books are necessary for students Shoes are made of leather + Danh từ trừu tượng Eg: Education is important for all + Danh từ chỉ các môn chơi... in an accident 3 Những trường hợp không dùng mạo từ không xác đònh: + Không bao giờ dùng “a” hay “an” trước danh từ không đếm được + Không bao giờ dùng “a” hay “an” trước danh từ trừu tượng * THE DEFINITE ARTICLE “THE” : Mạo từ xác đònh THE 1 Hình thức: “The” là hình thức duy nhất đi trước danh từ không phân biệt số ít hay số nhiều, giống đực hay giống cái 2 Những trường hợp dùng “The” Quán từ xác... a, an có thể được dùng khi nói về một người hay một vật mà người nghe/ người đọc không xác đònh được người hay vật đang được đề cập đến + Mạo từ “a” được dùng trước danh từ số ít đếm được bắt đầu bằng các phụ âm Eg: a book, a car , a chair , a hat + Mạo từ “an” được dùng trước danh từ số ít đếm được bắt đầu bằng các nguyên âm: a, e, i, o, u hoặc h câm Eg: an arm-chair, an umbrella, an egg * Lưu ý: . HỮU Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người làm WHO WHOM WHOSE Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật làm WHICH WHICH OF WHICH / WHOSE Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ nơi chốn WHERE = IN WHICH Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ. (Defining) Relative clauses: + Mệnh đề quan hệ xác đònh: được sử dụng với tất cả các đại từ và trạng từ quan hệ. + Mệnh đề quan hệ xác đònh là loại mệnh đề cần thiết vì danh từ đi trước chưa xác đònh,. clauses: + Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác đònh: được sử dụng với tất cả các đại từ và trạng từ quan hệ ngoại trừ THAT. + Mệnh đề quan hệ xác đònh là loại mệnh đề không cần thiết vì danh từ đi trước