PHRASAL VERBS A/ Trong tiếng Anh hiện đại, người ta hay dùng một hay hai particle (giới từ hay trạng từ ) sau động từ để có được sự khác nhau về ý nghóa. Ví dụ: - give away = give sth to someone/anyone ( Cho ai , tặng ai cái gì ) = to make known sth that sb wants to keep secret ( thổ lộ, tiết lộ ra, tố giác ra ) - give up = abandon (a habit or attempt) ( từ bỏ moat thói quen, moat nổ lực …) - look after = take care of ( Chăm sóc) - look for = search for, seek ( tìm kiếm) - look out = beware ( Hãy cẩn thận, coi chừng ) B/ Có hai loại : a/ intransitive phrasal verbs ( không có object) EX: The plane will take off at 15:00. b/ Transitive phrasal verbs ( có object – danh từ hoặc đại từ ) + Inseparable transitive phrasal verbs ( Pharsal verbs khơng thể tách ra – Object ln ở sau particle) Ex: We are looking for my key. ( Wrong: We are looking my key for ) + S eparable transitive phrasal verbs ( Pharsal verbs có thể tách ra )  Phrasal verbs thường có thể tách được khi particles là: on , off, up, down, in, out, away  Nếu Object là danh từ, nó có thể đặt ở sau hay giữa phrasal verbs) Ex: Remember to turn off the lights when going out. Remember to turn the lights off when going out.  Nếu Object là một đại từ (me, us, it, them, you him, her …) thi nó ln được đặt ở giữa phrsal verb ) Ex: Please turn it off. ( Wrong : Please turn off it ) Phrasal verbs 1. take after (sb) : look like; resemble : giống 2. take sth/sb on: (of a bus, plane or ship) to allow sb/sth to enter: cho ai lên xe, tàu … 3. take up: learn or start doing sth: bắt đầu làm 13. bring (sb) up ( often in passive): to care for a child, teaching him or her how to behave, etc: chăm sóc , dạy dỗ Ex: * She brought up five children. 1 Verbs + Particle + Object ( inseparable Phr. Verbs) Verbs + Particle + Object Verbs + + particle + Noun (on , off, up, down, in, out, away) Transitive Intransitive PHRASAL VERBS Noun Pronoun điều gì … 4. take off: a/ to remove sth, especially a piece of clothing from your/sb's body: cởi bỏ ( mủ , quần áo) ≠ put on b/ to leave the ground and begin to fly : ( máy bay) cất cánh 5. take sth off sth: to remove an amount of money or a number of marks, points, etc. in order to reduce the total: rút bớt (tiền, điểm ) cho ít đi 6. take (sth) in : thu nạp, hiểu, nhớ được điều gì 7. Take part in: participate in: to be involved in: tham gia 8. Take sth out: vay tiền của ngân hàng 9. take sth away: gỡ bỏ, làm mất buồn phiền đau đớn 10. take over: đảm nhận vò trí ( của ai), đảm trách công việc 11. take place: diễn ra, xảy ra theo kếâ hoạch. 12. put up with : tolerate: chòu đựng Ex: I'm not going to put up with their smoking any longer. 21. go off : + nổ ; vang lên Ex: The bomb went off in a crowded street. + đi làm điều gì Ex: He went off to get a drink. + thực phẩm, nước uồng hư hỏng; chất lượng xấu đi Ex: You shouldn’t drink it. It goes off. 22. go out : tắt ( đèn lửa) 23. go away: đi xa ( qua 01 đêm trở lên ) 24. go over : ôn lại bài; xem lại, kiểm tra lại 25. look after sb / sth: chăm sóc 26. look up : tra tìm từ , vấn đề gì trong tự điền, trong sách . 27. look up to sb: to admire or respect sb : ngưỡng mộ ai 28. look up at sth: ngước nhìn lên cái gì ( V+ pre.) 29. put on: mặc quần áo, đeo, mang 30. put sth out : Bỏ … ra ngoài - Ex: I put the rubbish out. 31. put off= delay: hoãn lại Ex: He keeps putting off going to the dentist. 32. turn ( sth ) on : mở đèn , … 33. turn (sth) off : tắt …… * He was brought up by his aunt. 14. take sth down: to write sth down: a/ ghi chép; Ex: * Reporters took down every word of his speech b/ to remove a structure: tháo dỡ - Ex: * The students are taking the tent down before leaving. 15. wake sb up : làm ai tỉnh táo / đánh thức ai Ex: A cold shower will soon wake you up. 16. Take advantage of : tận dụng , lợi dụng . Ex: * We took full advantage of the hotel facilities. * She took advantage of the children's absence to tidy their rooms. 17. give up : [nopassive] to stop doing or having sth: từ bỏ Ex: She didn't give up work when she had the baby. 18. go on: tiếp tục 19. go up ≠ go down: lên giá ≠ xuống giá 20. go after sb: to chase or follow sb: chạy theo; đuổi theo 52. stay on : tiếp tục làm … = keep on; carry on 53. fall behind sb/sth : không theo kòp mức độ với ai, rớt lại phía sau … Ex: She soon fell behind the leaders. 54. give in (to sb / sth) : đầu hàng , chòu thua … Ex: The rebels (quân nổi loạn) were forced to give in. 55. wait up : hãy chậm lại, chờ … Ex: Wait up – you're walking too fast for me. 56. wait up for sb: thức khuya chờ ai. Ex: I'll be back very late so don't wait up for me. 57. grow up : trưởng thành 58. watch out ( for sth / sb): coi chừng ! Ex: Watch out! There's a car coming! 59. fill sth in (out): điền đơn 60. break down : máy móc hư; thất bại Ex: The telephone system has broken down. * The car broke down on the freeway. *Negotiations between the two sides have broken down. 61.set off ( for) : to begin a journey: khởi hành chuyến đi 2 34. turn up: xuất hiện , đến Ex: Do you think many people will turn up? 35. turn down: refuse: từ chối, bác bỏ khơng xrm xét đơn … : vặn nhỏ âm thanh, thiết bị …. Ex: Why did she turn down your invitation? Please turn the volume down. 36. try sb / sth out : thử nghiệm, dùng thử xem có tốt hay không. Ex: They're trying out a new presenter for the show. 37. try sth on : mặc thử, mang thử xem có vừa không Ex: Try the shoes on before you buy them. 38. hold sth / sb up : ( often passive): làm hoãn , cản trở sự tiến triển , di chuyển … Ex: *An accident is holding up traffic. 39. get over sth: overcome: vượt qua, thắng được Ex: She can’t get over her shyness. 40. catch up with : bắt kip, đuổi theo kip 41. keep up with: theo kip ai, nắm bắt kip thông tin; vẫn tiếp tục liên lạc với ai 42. keep sth up: tiếp tục duy trì mức độ Ex: The high cost of raw materials is keeping prices up. 43. cool sb off / down: làm cho ai bình tónh lại 44. speak up : nói to lên 45. Bring sth out: make sth noticable Ex: A crisis can bring out the best and the worst in people. 46. bring sth back: to remind : gợi nhớ 47. Bring sb in sth / bring in sth : to make or earn a particular amount of money: kiếm tiền, thu nhập Ex:* His freelance work brings him in about $20000 a year. 48. bring sth about: to make sth happen= cause: gây ra Ex: What brought about the change in his attitude? 49. bring sth off : to succeed in doing sth difficult: Đạt được thành công ( qua khó khăn) Ex: * It was a difficult task but we brought it off. The goalie brought off a superb save 50. wash up / wash sth up: to wash plates, glasses, Ex: We set off for London just after ten. 62.drop out (of sth) : bỏ cuộc: He drooped out of the English class . * She started an engineering degree but dropped out after only a year. 63.show sth / sb off: khoe khoang Ex: She wanted to show off her new dress at the party. 64.cross sth out : gạch bỏ chữ sai 65.close sth down : ngừng hoạt động ( kinh doanh) Ex: All the firms around here were closed down in the 1980s. 66.move in / into sth: bắt đầu chuyển vào (nhà mới) để ở 67. doze off : go to sleep: đi ngủ - Ex: She dozed off in front of the fire. 68.see sb off: tiễn ai đi xa 69.give sth away to sb : tặng cái gì cho ai 70.give sth/sb away: tiết lộ bí mật ; tiết lộ tâm tư của ai Ex: She gave away state secrets to the enemy Her eyes when she said gave her away. 71.give sb back sth / give sth back to sb : trả gì cho ai 72.hand sth in ( to sb): giao nộp Ex: Please give your work in before Monday. 73.turn round/ around : quay lại Ex: Turn around and let me look at your back. 74. make oneself / sb up: trang điểm Ex: She always makes up when going to the office. 75. make sth up: tạo nên,nghó ra điều gì;bòa ra câu chuyện Ex: *They made up a little poem and wrote it in the card. *Women make up 40 per cent of the workforce. * She always makes up a story for her lateness. 76. make sth out : + to write out or complete a form or document: viết ra hoặc điền vào …. Ex: * He made out a cheque for pound100. + make sth out:to understand sth; to see the reasons for sth: Hiểu được Ex: I can't make out what she wants 3 … after a meal: rửa chén 51. calm (sb / sth) down : bình tónh – làm ai bình tónh 77. show sb round: hướng dẫn ai thăm quan Ex: Has anyone shown you round yet? 78. try sth on: thử - Try the shoes on before you buy them. Phrasal verbs I. Định nghĩa: Phrasal verb( cụm động từ ) là sự kết hợp của động từ và giới từ hoặc trạng từ Eg: V+ prep: look for V+ adv: get away V+ adv+ prep: catch up with II. Phân loại: _ Separable phrasal verb: ( cụm động từ có thể tách ra được ). Với loại này tân ngữ có thể được đặt giữa động từ và tiểu từ(adv/ adj) hoặc ngay sau tiểu từ ( adv/adj) Eg: Please put on the coat before going out = Please put the coat on before going out Khi tân ngữ là đại từ, đại từ phải đứng giữa động từ và tiểu từ Eg: Throw it away ( Throw away it) - Inseparable phrasal verb: ( cụm động từ khơng thể tách ra được ). Với loại này tân ngữ ln đi sau tiểu từ( adj / adv) Eg: Please look after the baby while I am out III. Some popular phrasal verbs: Lay down: đề ra Result in: đưa đến Wash away: cuốn trơi đi, qt sạch Set out: trình bày Carry out: tiến hành Stand for: là chữ viết tắt của Look up: tra từ Bring sb up: ni dưỡng Let sb down: làm ai thất vọng Make up: bịa ( chuyện) Put off : trì hỗn Put on/ put off: mặc vào / cởi ra Take away : mang đi Try on: thử quần áo Turn on/ Turn off: bật lên/ tắt đi Work out: giải quyết/ lên kế hoạch Break down: hỏng Break up: chia tay Get away : chạy trốn Go down: hạ ( giá cả) Hold on: chờ ( máy điện thoại) Pass away : chết Pas out : bất tỉnh Set off/ Set out: khởi hành Stand out: nổi bật Take off: cất cánh Catch up with : đạt được trình độ ngang bằng/ đuổi , theo kịp Come up against: đương đầu với khó khăn 4 Come up with: nghĩ ra Face up to : đối mặt ( khó khăn) Fall in with: đồng ý Get along / on with: có mối quan hệ tốt Get out of : thoát khỏi Look up to : kính trọng Make up for: đền bù Put up with: chịu đựng Run out of: hết Stand up for: ủng hộ Stand up to: chống đối Fill in: điền thông tin Give up : bỏ / từ bỏ Go on: tiếp tục Turn round: Lie down: nằm nghỉ Go away: Turn up: đến / xuất hiện Look after:chăm sóc Take after:giống với Get over:vượt qua Hold up:bị đình trệ Go off: nổ Try out: thử Ask for: đòi hỏi Call on: viếng thăm Cary on: tiếp tục Knock on: làm ngã, phá huỷ Live on: sống dựa vào Look down on: coi thường Look forward to: mong đợi Come about: xảy ra Come across: tình cờ gặp Come up: xảy ra/ xuất hiện Dress up: ăn mặc sang trọng Drop in: ghé thăm Go out : (đèn tắt) Put in for: tham gia Put off : hoãn lại Put up ưith : chịu đựng Sell out: bán hết Send for: cho mời đến Settle down: ổn định cuộc sống Sort out: sắp xếp, lựa chọn Take over: đảm nhận Think over: suy nghĩ cẩn thận Exercise I/ Choose the most appropriate preposition to fill in each blank. 5 up after on off in 1. I’d like to listen to some music. Would you please turn the radio… ? 2. Please try to give… smoking. It is not good for your health. 3. Don’t put… your homework anymore. The deadline is coming. 4. When I was young, my uncle looked… me because my parents were abroad. 5. Before you enter the class, you need to fill… this form so that we can have your personal information. 1/ on 2/ up 3/ off 4/ after 5/ in Exercise II. Choose one of the following phrasal verbs to complete the sentneces look up look after find out go on turn down give up grow up break down 1. We'll buy a smaller house when the children____________and left home. 2. The computer isn't working - it______________this morning. 3. It was not problem. We______________his number in the telephone book. 4. Who ____________the cats when we go away on holiday? 5. I ____________ where he lived by checking in the local library. 6. My headaches have been much better since I__________drinking coffee. 7. 'What_______________here? What are you doing?' 8. I_____________their offer because they weren't going to pay me enough money 1/ grow up 2/ broke down 3/ look up 4/ will look after 5/ found out 6/ gave up 7/ is going on 8/ turned down Exercise III- Choose from the four options given(marked A,B,C or D) one best answer to complete each sentence. 1. The driver skidded and ….a dog. A. ran B. ran in to C. ran after D. ran over 2. Aren’t you going to …the dress…before you buy it? A. try/ X B. try/ up C. try/ on D. try /in 3. I’m sorry, sir. But you’ve already worn these dress. That’s why we can’t…it… A. take/ back B. take /after C. take/ in D. take/ again 4. Are you telling the truth? Or are you …. this story. A. making B. making up C. making for D. doing 5. Perhaps important supplies of food and minerals were suddenly…. A. cut out B. cut off C. cut down D. cut back 6. His alarm clock is always set for six o'clock. He arises at the same time every day. A. turns off B. gets up C. puts on 7. She telephoned her friend to tell him about the meeting. They decided to drive there together. A. turned on B. took off C. called up 6 8 Some old friends of mine visited us last night. A. called on B. called up C. wore out 9. Fortunately, Marie is associating well with her new co-workers. A. calling on B. talking over C. getting along with Exercise IV. Rewrite each sentence so that it contains the phrasal verb in brackets. You may have to change the form. 1. Peter is just like his father! (take after) Peter .__________________________________________________________________ 2. Quite by chance, Brenda met Philip at the station, (run into) Brenda ________________________________________________________________. 3. Tina's car stopped working on the way to Scotland, (break down) Tina's car _______________________________________________________________. 4. Ruth's party has been postponed until next month, (put off) Ruth's party __________________________________________________________________ . 5. It would be a good idea to stop drinking coffee, (give up) It would be a good idea _______________________________________________________ . 6. I saw their number in the phone directory, (look up) I ______________________________________________________________________ 7. We offered them £250,000 for the house but they refused our offer, (turn down) We offered them £250,000 for the house_________________________________________ . 8. It took me a long time to recover from my illness, (get over) It took me_________________________________________________________ 9. I’m thinking about my next holiday with pleasure. (look) I’m looking forward _________________________________________________ 10. You don’t need to wear your rain coat. it is so hot here. ( take) You can ________________________________________________________ 7 . intransitive phrasal verbs ( không có object) EX: The plane will take off at 15:00. b/ Transitive phrasal verbs ( có object – danh từ hoặc đại từ ) + Inseparable transitive phrasal verbs . children. 1 Verbs + Particle + Object ( inseparable Phr. Verbs) Verbs + Particle + Object Verbs + + particle + Noun (on , off, up, down, in, out, away) Transitive Intransitive PHRASAL VERBS . có thể tách ra )  Phrasal verbs thường có thể tách được khi particles là: on , off, up, down, in, out, away  Nếu Object là danh từ, nó có thể đặt ở sau hay giữa phrasal verbs) Ex: Remember