COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS. (so sánh tính từ và trạng từ) I. COMPARATIVE : 1- Tính từ ngắn : ( Short adjectives ) Ex1: Today is hotter than yesterday. Ex2: He runs faster than I do. - So s¸nh h¬n cã thÓ ®îc nhÊn m¹nh b»ng c¸ch céng thªm much hoÆc ‘ ’ far‘ ’. Ex3: Today is much hotter than yesterday. S + V + ( much / far ) + Adj / Adv + er + than - Hầu hết là tính từ có một âm tiết hoặc tính từ dài có hai âm tiết tận cùng là : “ y, er, ow, ple, tle ”.Cấu trúc sử dụng là: Ex : - Happy > happier - Simple > simpler - Gentle > gentler - Easy > Easier - Clever > cleverer  Note: : + Đối với tính từ ngắn có một phụ âm tận cùng (trừ w,x,z) và trước đó là một nguyên âm, ta phải gấp đôi phụ âm cuối rồi thêm “ er ” Ex: - big - bigger; - red - redder , - hot - hotter - fat - fatter , - sad - sadder, - thin-thinner 2- Tính từ dài : ( long adjectives ) Ex1 : The test A is more difficult than the test B Ex2 : He speaks English more fluently than I do. 1. S + tobe ( is /am / are ) + more + Adj( dài) + than 2. S + V( thường) + more + Adv + than  Note: - So s¸nh kÐm h¬n: Ex1: My TV is less beautiful than yours. Ex2: He drives less carefully than I think. II. SUPERLATIVE : 1- Tính từ ngắn : ( Short adjectives ). Ex1: This is the cleanest room in the house S + V + the + Adj / Adv + est + N 2- Tớnh t di ( long adjectives ). Ex2: First class is the most expensive way to travel S + V + the + most + Adj / Adv + N Note: - So sánh kém nht: Ex3: Those shoes are the least expensive of all. Mt s adj / adv bt qui tc: - good/ well better the best - bad/ badly worse the worst - many/ much more the most - little less the least - far farther the farthest(về khoảng cách) further the furthest( về thời gian) - near nearer the nearest(về khoảng cách) the next( về thứ tự) - late later the latest( về thời gian) the last( về thứ tự) - old older the oldest( về tuổi tác) elder the eldest( về cấp bậc hơn là tuổi tác) III- SO SNH BNG : (SIMILARITY) Ex1: He is as tall as his father Ex2: His car runs as fast as a race car. Ex3: John sings as well as his sister. 1. S + tobe ( is /am / are ) + as + Adj + as 2. S + V( thng) + as + Adv + as Note: - Nu l cõu ph nh, as th nht cú th thay bng so. Ex1: He is not so tall as his father. - Khi so sỏnh bng danh t, s dng cu trỳc sau: Ex2: My house is as high as his. => My house is the same height as his. S + V + the + same + N + as + N IV. DOUBLE COMPARISON: 1- So sánh kép trong bản thân một sự vật , hiện tượng : …… càng ngày càng …… a- Tính từ ngắn : ( Short adjectives ) Ex1: The weather is getting hotter and hotter S + V + adi + er + and + adj + er b- Tính từ dài ( long adjectives ) : Ex2: She becomes more and more beautiful. S + V + more and more + adj / adv 2- So sánh kép liên quan đến hai hay nhiều sự vật , hiện tượng : càng …càng … * Víi tÝnh tõ ng¾n: The adj. + er , the adj. + er…. Ex1: The darker it gets, the colder it is. * Víi tÝnh tõ dµi: The more adj , the more adj Ex2: The more beautiful she is, the more miserable her husband is. * Víi ®éng tõ: the more , the more Ex3: The more you learn, the more you forget.  Note: NhiÒu khi hai vÕ kh«ng cïng mét lo¹i tÝnh tõ dµi hay ng¾n nhng cã thÓ sö dông lÉn lén víi nhau.( hoÆc vÕ tríc tÝnh tõ, vÕ sau ®éng tõ hoÆc ngîc l¹i ) Ex4: The more she smiles, the more graceful she is. 3. Cµng Ýt , th× cµng Ýt Cµng kÐm , th× cµng kÐm * Víi tÝnh tõ: The less + adj , the less + adj. Ex5: The less difficult the lessons are, the less hard-working the students. * Víi ®éng tõ : the less , the less Ex6: The less I live with him, the less I like him.  EXERCISE: I. Choose the best answer; 1. Sarah is ____ at chemistry than Susan. A. good B. well C. better D. best 2. I don’t work so hard ____ my father. A. so B. as C. than D. more 3. Sam is the ____ student in my class. A. tall B. most tall C. taller D. tallest 4. No one in my class is ____ beautiful ____ her. A. as/as B. more/as C. as/than D. the/more 5. He works ____ we do. A. harder B. as hard as C. harder D. so hard as 6. I know him ____ than you do. A. better B. more well C. good D. the best 7. Ann is 18 years old. Sue is 20 years old. Ann is ____ Sue. A. older than B. younger than C. older D. younger 8. Tom drives ____ than Jim does. A. carefully B. more careful C. careful D. more carefully 9. The little boy spoke English ____ his brother. A. more fast B. fast than C. the fastest D. faster than 10. China is the country with the ____ population. A. larger B. large C. most large D. largest 11.The economic conditions today are _______ they were in the past. A. much more good B. much better than C. much better D. the best than 12.The deep oceans contain some of the ______ of all living creatures. A. strangest B. strange C. as strange as D. stranger 13.Mr. Lam cannot earn _______ his wife. A. as many money as B. as much money as C. as many money than D. as much money than 14.My car is _______ yours. A. more fast and economical than B. more fast and more economical than C. faster and economical as D. faster and more economical than 15. It’s becoming ______ to find a job. A. more difficult and more B. more and more difficult C. most and more difficult D. more difficult than 16.His house is _____ mine. A. larger and more comfortable than B. the most large and comfortable than C. more large and comfortable than D. the largest and more comfortable than 17.The younger you are, _______ it is to learn. A. easier B. you are easier C. the easier D. the easy 18.______we finish the project, _______ we can start the next one. A. The soonest / the sooner B. The soonest / the most soon C. The sooner / the sooner D. The soonest / the soonest 19.Mary is ______ in our class. A. prettier B. more pretty C. most pretty D. the prettiest 20.______ we jog, _______ we are. A. the most / the healthiest B. the most / the healthier C. the more / the most healthy D. the more / the healthier 21.The winter is coming, it is getting _______. A. more cold B. the most cold C. colder and colder D. the more cold 1. It gets ______ . let’s go swimming. A. hot and hot B. the more hot C. more and more hot D. hotter and hotter 2. The problem seems to be _____. A. most serious B. more serious than C. more serious as D. more and more serious 3. Prices get ______. A. high and high B. highest and highest C. more and more high D. higher and higher 4. The more waste paper we recycle, _______ . A. the more trees we preserve B. the less trees we preserve C. the most trees we preserve D. the least trees we preserve II. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction. 1. Peter plays the piano better I can . A B C D 2. Mary looks more prettier than she used to be. A B C D 3. Your computer works fast than mine . A B C D 4. This machine is not so modern than that one. A B C D 5. “Tomorrow Never Die” is one of the more exciting films. A B C D 6. The more they advertise, the least expensive things are. A B C D 7. The more he earns, the most happy he is. A B C D 8. Mary looks more prettier than she used to be. A B C D 9. His father’s health gets worst and worst. A B C D 10.The most we work, the more money we earn. A B C D 11.The more fast you drive, the more dangerous you get. A B C D 12.The more that she tried to remove the strain from her shirt, the worst it looks. A B C D . COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS. (so sánh tính từ và trạng từ) I. COMPARATIVE : 1- Tính từ ngắn : ( Short adjectives ) Ex1: Today is hotter than. fast and economical than B. more fast and more economical than C. faster and economical as D. faster and more economical than 15. It’s becoming ______ to find a job. A. more difficult and more. more and more difficult C. most and more difficult D. more difficult than 16.His house is _____ mine. A. larger and more comfortable than B. the most large and comfortable than C. more large and