DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI TRirClNG DAI HOC KHOA HOC XA HOI VA NHAN VAN KHOA NGON NGU HOC ***** LE THI THU HOAI /? TIM HIEU KHA NANG NHAN DIEN TlT HAN - VIET • • • CUA SINH VIEN NGlT VAN CAO DANG (QUA DIEU TRA SINH VIEN CAO DANG SITPHAM NINH BINH) LUAN VAN THAC SI NGON NGlT HOC Chuyen nganh: Ngon ngu hoc Ma so: 60 22 01 NGUGl HUbNG D A N : G S T S T R A N TRI D O I DAI H O C Q U O C GIA HA NOI I!M:^^5jAmvj2NG L V /^ HA NOI - 08/2006 TIN JHU VIEN MM^ earn itHtn Toi xin cam doan luan van khong chep tir bat cu mot tai lieu khoa hoc ngon ngu nao Nhung so lieu luan van la chinh xac, no duac dieu tra tur thuc te ca sof trudng Cao dang su pham Ninh Binh Neu sai toi xin hoan loan chiu trach nhiem lac gia Le Thi Thu Hoai MUG LUC Trang BANG KY HIEU VIET TAT M DAU Ly chon de tai Lich su van de 3.Gi6i han van de nghien ciJu Cau true luan van Chirong 1: Tim hieu each nhin nhan tir Han Viet cua ngon ngfi hoc 1.1 Cach nhin nhan ve tijr Han Viet ciia Gs Nguyen Tai Can 1.1.1 Khai niem ve ''each doc Han Viet" a.Vai tro cua chu Han b.Khai niem ''each doc Han Viet" 1.1.2.Khai niem tir Han Viet 1.1.3.Khai niem tir c6 Han Viet 1.1.4 Khai niem tir Han Viet Viet hoa 13 14 14 1.1.5 YeutdgocHan 15 1.2 Cach nhin nhan ve tur Han Viet cua Gs Phan Ngoc 1.2.1 Cach nhin nhan ve tir Han Viet cua Gs Phan Ngoc dua tren quan diem lich sir 1.2.2.Cach xac dinh tir Han Viet dua tren cam thiic ngon ngu cua ngudi ban ngu 1.2.2.1.Muc dich cua viec xac dinh tir Han Viet dua tren cam thiic ngon ngu 1.2.2.2.Cam thiJc cua nguai ban ngu ve tir Han Viet 1.2.2.3.Tinh hap ly cua viec xac dinh nguon goc cua tir dua vao cam thiic ngon ngu 15 15 L2.3.Xuat phat diem de xac dinh nguon goc cua tir Han Viet dua tren cam thiic ngon ngiJ ciia ngu5i ban ngu 10 11 16 19 1.2.3.I.Am tiet la dan vi ca sade nhan dien 1.2.3.2.Su phan chia cac am tiet tieng Viet dua tren cam thuc ngon ngu 1.2.4.Xac dinh nguon goc ciia tu* dua tren su boat dong cua cac am tiet 21 1.2.4.I.Bon loai am tiet boat dong 15i noi 1.2.4.2.Cach nhin nhan ve tir thuan Viet doi v6i ngu6i ban ngu 1.2.4.3.Cach nhin nhan ve tir Han Viet doi v6i ngudi ban ngiJ 1.2.4.4.TiJf Han Viet cam thurc cua ngu5i ban ngii 1.2.5.Tieuket 1.3 Nhan xet 28 1.4.Cach xep loai nguon goc nhung tijr ghep ( co mot to cau tao la yeu to Han Viet) theo each nhin nhan ciia Gs Nguyen Tai Can 29 1.5 Cach xep loai nguon goc nhung tir ghep ( c6 mot to cau tao la yeu to Han Viet) theo each nhin nhan cua Gs Phan Ngoc 40 1.6.Tieu ket cho chuang 42 Chirong 2:Kha nang nhan dien tir Han Viet cua sinh vien ngiJ van cao ding (qua dieu tra sinh vien cao ding su pham Ninh Binh) 43 2.1.Cach nhin nhan ve tir Han Viet giao trinh dao tao giao vien tieu hoc he CDSP 43 2.1.1 Cach xac dinh khai niem tiT Han Viet 43 2.1.2.Nhanxet 43 2.1.3.Nhung each nhan dien tir Han Viet 45 2.1.3.1.Nhan dien ve mat hinh thurc 45 a Nhan dien ve mat ngu am b.Nhan dien ve mat ngu phap c.Kha nang ket hap d Nhan xet 2.1.3.2.Nhan dien tir Han Viet ve mat ngu nghia 47 a.Nhan dien nghia cua tix dan tiet Han Viet b.Nhan dien nghia cua tir song tiet Han Viet 2.1.4.Tieuket 2.2.Kha nang nhan dien tir Han Viet ciia sinh vien ngu van cao dang 49 50 (qua dieu tra sinh vien ngu van CDSP Ninh Binh) 2.2.1.Tieu chi xay dung phieu dieu tra so 50 2.2.2.Doi tuang dieu tra 50 2.2.3.Ket qua dieu tra viec nhan dien tir 52 2.2.4.Nhan xet 53 2.2.4.1.Nhan xet ve kha nang nhan dien tir Han Viet dua quan diem ciia Gs Nguyen Tai Can tren 2.2.4.2 Nhan xet ve kha nang nhan dien tir Han Viet dua tren quan diem cua Gs Phan Ngoc 2.2.4.3 Nhan xet ve kha nang nhan dien tir Han Viet dua vao giao trinh dao tao giao vien tieu hoc 2.2.5.Ket qua nhan xet phieu dieu tra so 60 2.2.5.1 Dua theo each nhin nhan ve tir Han Viet cua Gs Nguyen Tai Can 2.2.5.2 Dua theo each nhin nhan ve tir Han Viet cua Gs Phan Ngoc 2.2.6.Tieu ket Chirong 3: Thu de xuat tieu chi nhan dien tir Han Viet 63 66 3.1.Casa ngon ngu hoc 3.1.1.Phan tich hai phuang phap nghien cuu ve tu Han Viet Gs Nguyen Tai Can va Gs Phan Ngoc 3.1.2.Nhan xet ve each nhin nhan va phuang phap nhan dien tir Han Viet ciia Gs Phan Ngoc 3.1.2.1.Nhan xet ve each nhin nhan tijr Han Viet 3.1.2.2.Nhan xet ve phuang phap nhan dien tir Han Viet 3.2.Nguyen nhan din den viec xac dinh tir Han Viet kho khan doi vai sinh vien ngu van 3.2.I.Nguyen nhan giao trinh day 3.2.2.Nguyen nhan tiep thu ciia sinh vien 3.3.Thir de xuat tieu chi nhan dien tir Han Viet 3.4.Tieu ket chuang 66 66 71 74 74 76 76 77 KET LUAN 78 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 80 B A N G P H U LUC 84 KY HIEU VIET TAT DUNG TRONG LUAN VAN Bn: Bo ngu Cn: Chu ngiJ cb: Chu bien CDSP: Cao dang su pham Dt: Danh tir Dn: Dinh ngii Dt: Dong tir Gs: Giao su Nxb: Nha xuat ban SI: So lieu sv: Sinh vien Tc: Tap chi tr: trang Vd: Vi du MO DAU Ly chon de tai Co nhieu phuang hu6ng nghien cuii ngon ngir M6i hu6ng nghien ciJu deu CO tinh lich su, co qua trinh hinh thanh, phat trien ciia no NhiJng hu6ng nghien ciJu deu co muc dich chung la phuc vu cho nhu c^u can nang cao hieu biet va su dung ngon ngii ciia nguai Nhimg tmi nghien ciiti ngon ngir, cu the a nu6c ta la tieng Viet, da duac chon loc dua vao giang day nha trucmg Dieu the hien cac bo sach giao khoa, cac giao trinh danh cho sinh vien ngu van cac tru5ng dai hoc va cao dang su pham Duang nhien giiia ngon ngir hoc v6i tu each la mot khoa hoc va ngon ngii hoc nha trudng bao giof ciing co mot khoang each Nhirng luan diem m6i duac nhieu ngu5i cho la hap ly dua vao giang day cho sinh vien ngir van van phai duac tiep tuc ban bac va tranh luan them Vi khoa hoc tranh luan la chuyen binh thudng va la dieu can phai co de dat t6i chan ly Tiir Han Viet la mot nhieu chuyen de duac giang day cho giao vien tieu hoc he cao dang su pham No nam bo mon "Tieng Viet va phuang phap day hoc tieng Viet a tieu hoc" No chiem khoang mot phan ba dung luang th5i gian danh cho mon hoc Muc tieu ciia mon hoc tir Han Viet doi v6i giao vien tieu hoc la nam duac cau tao va ngii nghia tir Han Viet Tir co kha nang nhan dien, giai thich nghia, biet duac gia tri va su dung tir Han Viet vao boat dong giao tiep.Dong thdi qua ngucti giao vien biet each huang dan hoc sinh tieu hoc nam duac y nghia, gia tri ciia viec sir dung tir Han Viet vao giao tie'p phii hap v6'\ Ma tuoi hoc sinh tieu hoc Nhu vay doi v6i giao vien tieu hoc viec biet giai thich nghia tir Han Viet la rat quan Vi chinh ban than ho phai ndm bat duoc \\x Han Viet thi mai CO the giup hoc sinh hieu dugfc Tuy nhien nhu da noi a tren giiia ngon ngir hoc v6i tu each la mot khoa hoc va ngon ngii hoc nha tru5ng bao gi5 ciang co mot khoang each nen nhiJng phuang phap nhan dien tCr Han Viet duac trang bi cho giao vien tieu hoc can phai duac ban bac them Muc tieu ciia su ban bac nghien ciiu la tim hieu kha nang nhan dien tijr Han Viet ciia sinh vien ngu van cao dang Tren ca sa co the dua nhirng phuang phap nhan tir Han Viet mot each co hieu qua nhat doi v6i viec day va hoc V6i muc tieu chiing toi chon de tai "Tim hieu kha nang nhan dien tir Han Viet cua sinh vien ngii van cao dang (qua dieu tra sinh vien cao dang su pham Ninh Binh)" Lich su van de Hien gi6i ngon ngii hoc Viet Nam co nhieu nha nghien cuu ngon ngii quan tam den tijr Han Viet v6i nhirng phuang phap nghien ciJu, tiep can khac Trong so co hai nha ngon ngii hoc ten tuoi nghien cuu ve tir Han Viet Do la giao su Nguyen Tai Can v6i cong trinh "Nguon goc va qua trinh hinh each doc Han Viet", nxb Dai hoc quoc gia Ha Noi, tai ban nam 2000 Do la giao su Phan Ngoc \6i cong trinh "Meo giai nghia tir Han Viet va chua l6i chinh ta", 2000, nxb Thanh Nien.Nhiing cong trinh ciia hai giao su thu5ng duac nhiing nguai bien soan sach day ve tir Han Viet a Cao dang su pham sir dung Trong hai tac pham nay, hai nha nghien cuu da dua each tiep can ciia minh ve tir Han Viet Gs Nguyen Tai Can dira tren tieu chi ngii am de xac dinh yeu to Han Viet qua xac dinh tir Han Viet.Con Gs Phan Ngoc xac dinh tir Han Viet dua vao cai goi la " cam thuc ngon ngu" ciia ngudi ban ngii Ngoai nhiing tac pham nghien curu tren co mot loat cac cong trinh nghien ciJu ve tir Han Viet dual dang tir dien Dang chii y nhat la "Tir dien Han Viet" ciia hoc gia Dao Duy Anh Nhiing cong trinh nghien ciiu tren chii y nghien ciiu sir hinh hay nguon goc qua trinh hinh each doc Han Viet, mo ta tii' Han Viet ve mat ly thuyet The nhung tren thuc te tir Han Viet duac sinh vien ngir van cao dang hieu va nhan dien nhu the nao thi hien chua co mot cong trinh khoa hoc ngon ngii nao de cap den.Day chinh la dieu ma chiing toi muon phan anh luan van tot nghiep ciia minh Tir tim each giiip ho xay dung tieu chi nhan dien tir Han Viet chon loc nhat lam cong cu giang day cho hoc sinh cua minh Gidi han van de nghien cuu va phirang phap nghien cuu O tieng Viet, nhin chung von til vung ca ban co tir lau dai la tir virng Viet Mu5ng Tieng Viet la mot ngon ngir thuoc tieu chi Viet Chut, dai chi Mon Khame, ho Nam A Nhung sau ciing nhu a Trieu Tien, Nhat Ban, co tiep xiie v6i nen van hoa chii Han mot qua trinh lau dai, lien tuc, sau rong va co tinh each bat buoc nen da gia them mot khoi luang dang ke cac yeu to goc Han co tir Han Viet Vi vay de nghien cuii ve til Han Viet can phai co mot trinh hieu biet ngon ngii nhat dinh V6i trinh co han khuon kho luan van chiing toi chi dat nhiem vu tim hieu kha nang nhan dien tijr Han Viet ciia sinh vien ngir van cao dang.Doi tuang khao sat ciia chiing toi la sinh vien ngiJ van cao dang su pham Ninh Binh, nai chiing toi cong tac Chung toi lam nhu vay vi thong qua tim hieu kha nang nhan dien ket hap v6i nhiing tri thiic ve tir Han Viet chiing toi se bu6c dau de xuat mot so tieu chi thii nghiem de giiip cho sinh vien cao ding su pham nhan dien tir Han Viet mot each khach quan va chinh xac nhat De lam luan van chiing toi sii' dung phuang phap dieu tra qua bang cau hoi,sau nghien ciJu thong ke, phan tich, so sanh va riit nhan xet ket qua dieu tra Cau true luan van gom phan ma dau, phan ket luan va chuang A: Ma dau B: Noi dung Chuang 1: Tim hieu each nhin nhan tir Han Viet cua ngon ngir hoc Chuang 2: Kha nang nhan dien tijr Han Viet cua sinh vien ngii* van cao 'J V f dang (qua dieu tra sinh vien Cao dang su pham Ninh Binh) Chuang 3: Thu de xuat tieu chi nhan dien tir Han Viet giang day cho sinh vien cao dang su pham C: Ket luan Ngoai ra, luan van co phan phu luc cung cap hai phieu dieu tra ma chiing toi da su dung de lam trac nghiem Ben canh la 500 tir ghep co mot phan la yeu to Han Viet Chuang TIM HIEU CACH NHIN NHAN TL/ HAN VIET CUA NGON NG0 HOC Hien gidi ngon ngir hoc Viet Nam co hai each nhin nhan ve tir Han Viet Cach xac dinh tir Han Viet dua tren cam thiic ngon ngii cua Gs Phan Ngoc va each xac dinh tir Han Viet dua tren nguon goc lich sir khach quan, each nhin lich dai ciia Gs Nguyen Tai Can Tru6c trinh bay nhirng each nhin nhan tren chiing toi trinh bay khai niem ve tu Ba bo phan cau ngon ngii la ngii am, tij" vung, ngti phap Tir la dan vi ton tai hien nhien sSn co ciia mot ngon ngii Nhung de dua mot dinh nghia khai quat ve tijr duac nhieu ngucfi chap nhan khong phai la dieu de dang Hien co t6i "tren 300 dinh nghia khac ve "tii"[15;61] Trong luan van chiing toi tam th5i chap nhan quan diem ve til cua Nguyen Thien Giap: "Tir la dan vi nho nhat ciia ngon ngii, doc lap ve y nghia vahinhthiic"[15;61] Day la quan diem tam th5i duac chap nhan luan van de lam viec Dinh nghia chi tinh hoan chinh cua tir, kha nang tach biet ciia tir Dan vi cau tao nen tii* la tix to (hinh vi).Trong 15i noi tir co kha nang dugc tach biet so v6i nhiJng bo phan tao tir nhu phu to No co kha nang duac tai hien tu 15i noi de tao nen cau Dan vi cau tao nen tir tieng Viet la tieng Tieng ciia tieng Viet co gia tri tuang duang nhu hinh vi cac ngon ngir An Au Ve mat ngii am hoe no triing v6i am tiet Nen tieng duac goi la cac hinh tiet Vd: nha, nguo^i, san bay, sach, biit Day la cac tir duac cau tao tir cac tieng ... Han Viet cua sinh vien ngii* van cao ''J V f dang (qua dieu tra sinh vien Cao dang su pham Ninh Binh) Chuang 3: Thu de xuat tieu chi nhan dien tir Han Viet giang day cho sinh vien cao dang su pham... chiing toi chon de tai "Tim hieu kha nang nhan dien tir Han Viet cua sinh vien ngii van cao dang (qua dieu tra sinh vien cao dang su pham Ninh Binh)" Lich su van de Hien gi6i ngon ngii hoc Viet... nhiem vu tim hieu kha nang nhan dien tijr Han Viet ciia sinh vien ngir van cao dang.Doi tuang khao sat ciia chiing toi la sinh vien ngiJ van cao dang su pham Ninh Binh, nai chiing toi cong tac