VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES .o0o TRẦN THỊ CÚC CODE-MIXING OF ENGLISH IN HOA HOC TRO MAGAZINE IN VIETNAM: PATTERNS AND READERS’ ATTITUDES (HIỆN TƯỢNG PHA TRỘN NGƠN NGỮ ANH TRONG BÁO HOA HỌC TRỊ Ở VIỆT NAM: HÌNH THỨC PHA TRỘN VÀ THÁI ĐỘ CỦA ĐỘC GIẢ) M.A COMBINED PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 60 22 15 Hanoi, 2012 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES .o0o TRẦN THỊ CÚC CODE-MIXING OF ENGLISH IN HOA HOC TRO MAGAZINE IN VIETNAM: PATTERNS AND READERS’ ATTITUDES (HIỆN TƯỢNG PHA TRỘN NGÔN NGỮ ANH TRONG BÁO HOA HỌC TRỊ Ở VIỆT NAM: HÌNH THỨC PHA TRỘN VÀ THÁI ĐỘ CỦA ĐỘC GIẢ) M.A COMBINED PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 60 22 15 Supervisor: Đỗ Thị Thanh Hà, Ph.D Hanoi, 2012 Lists of tables Tables Page Table 1: Distinction between code-mixing and borrowing Table 2: Parts of speech in Vietnamese 18 Table 3: Patterns of code-mixing 26 Table 4: Breakdown of switching by word classes 27 Table 5: Most frequent code-mixing phenomena 29 Table 6: Respondents’ views on the code-mixing used in the four extracts 41 Table 7: Details of understanding and feeling good about extracts 42 Table 8: Readers’ attitude to code mixing in HHT Magazine 45 Table 9: Attitudes towards code-mixing of secondary and high school students 57 iv List of figures Figures Page Figure 1: Question 3: You often understand articles in Hoa Hoc Tro Magazine with code mixing 47 Figure 2: Question 4: You often feel comfortable when you read Hoa Hoc Tro Magazine with code mixing 47 Figure 3: Question 5: In general, you prefer code-mixing in Hoa Hoc Tro Magazine 48 Figure 4: Question 6: Articles with code mixing often draw your attention 48 Figure 5: Question 7: You find it difficult to read the articles with English code-mixing in Hoa Hoc Tro Magazine 49 Figure 6: Q8: Code – mixing of English in Hoa Hoc Tro Magazine destroys Vietnamese impurity 50 Figure 7: Readers‟ understanding in different places 53 Figure 8: Readers‟ feeling content in different places 53 Figure 9: Preference of readers in different places 53 Figure 10: Attention level paid on code mixing in different regions 53 Figure 11: Difficulty had in different places 54 Figure 12: Agreement if code-mixing destroys Vietnamese impurity 54 v Table of contents Candidate’s statement…………………………………………………………………………….i Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………………………….ii Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………… iii List of tables…………………………………………………………………………………… iv List of figures……………………………………………………………………………………….v Table of contents………………………………………………………………………………… vi CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION i 1.1 Rationale 1.2 Scopes and aims 1.3 Research questions CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW .3 A-THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 2.1 Code mixing 2.1.1 Code 2.1.2 Code mixing and code switching 2.1.3 Code-mixing and borrowing 2.2 Linguistics constraints on code- mixing 2.2.1 Particular grammatical constraints 2.2.2 Universal constraints on code- mixing 2.2.3 Extra-linguistic factors related to code-mixing 11 2.3 Patterns of code mixing 12 B - EMPIRICAL STUDIES 14 C - GENERAL REMARKS ON SYNTACTIC FEATURES OF VIETNAMESE 16 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY 20 3.1 Data Corpus 20 3.1.1 Hoa Hoc Tro Magazine 20 3.1.2 Language of magazines 21 3.2 Corpus observation 22 3.3 Questionnaires delivery 22 vi 3.3.1 Sampling 22 3.3.2 Questionnaires 23 3.4 Data analysis 24 CHAPTER IV: PATTERNS OF CODE-MIXING FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 26 4.1 Findings of the quantification of mixed word class 26 4.2 Distribution of mixed words in the corpus 28 4.3 Overview description and discussion of mixed word classes 28 4.3 Nouns 28 4.3.2 Verbs 34 4.3.3 Adjectives 36 4.4.4 Vocabulary combined between English and Vietnamese 38 CHAPTER V: READERS’ ATTITUDES TO CODE-MIXING FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 41 5.1 Part of the questionnaires: Findings and Discussions 41 5.2 Part of the Questionnaires: Findings and Discussions 41 5.3 Part of the questionnaire: Findings and Discussion 45 5.4 Part of the questionnaires: Findings and Discussion 52 CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION 59 6.1 Summary 59 6.2 Implications 60 6.3 Limitations 60 6.4 Suggestions for further study 61 REFERENCES 62 APPENDIX vii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale Under the influence of globalization, English has become worldwide popular and used as a second language in many countries Thus, many of these territories have become multilingual with the frequent use of English in their daily life Also, it is no longer a rare phenomenon to find many English words used as substitutes appearing in the newspapers or magazines of other languages, which has aroused interest of various linguistic and sociological researchers Sharing the same desire, we also wished to get the holistic view on the process of producing such a mixture of English language into the researcher‟s mother tongue, Vietnamese, as well as the reaction of Vietnamese, especially Vietnamese youth, towards the cases The reason for me to choose Vietnamese young people as the subject of study is that they are assumed to have the highest frequency of mixing languages in their daily environment Obviously, as English have been nationwide taught in all Vietnamese schools for the past ten years, they could be exposed to English at the early age As a result, English turns out to be familiar with them Additionally, under the boom of entertainment industry and Western influence, English, more or less, become preferable in media It was also proved by Leung (2010) that young people preferred code mixing in advertising Since 1970s, quite a number of researches have been done on code-mixing both in spoken and written languages in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and France In 2003, Ho-Dac Tuc also had a close view on spoken code-switching of English into Vietnamese community in Australia Though valuable results have been found, they still leave the gaps for code-mixing in written language, i.e magazines and newspapers for Vietnamese youth For all of the reasons listed above, this research was carried out to focus on illustrating the patterns of and readers‟ attitudes towards code-mixing of English in Hoe Hoc Tro Magazine, a magazine for Vietnamese youngsters, using eclectic across qualitative and quantitative methods The research, once finished, is expected to shed some light on code-mixing patterns used in Youth‟s newspapers in general, raise sociolinguistics related issues and lay foundation for further studies 1.2 Scopes and aims Although there are various dimensions of code-mixing and magazine languages to be studied, this combination of qualitative and quantitative study only examines the phenomenon of code-mixing in Hoa Hoc Tro Magazine in terms of its patterns and readers‟ views on it This work also focuses on the written articles, though codemixing is more popular in spoken form 1.3 Research questions In order to reach the aim of exploring the forms of as well as readers‟ attitudes to the mixture of code in Hoa Hoc Tro Magazine, the research answered two questions as follows: 1) What are the patterns of code-mixing used in Hoa Hoc Tro Magazine? 2) What are readers’ attitudes towards code-mixing phenomenon in Hoa Hoc Tro Magazine? CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW A-THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 2.1 Code mixing 2.1.1 Code The term “code” is wi dely seen in various fields with different meanings “Code” may mean a system of computer programming instructions in computing, or considered as a set of moral principles or rules in laws or even systems of symbols in telephoning As this is a sociolinguistic study, the function of “code” as “a system of words, letters, numbers or symbols that represent a message or record information secretly or in a shorter form” (Oxford Advanced Learners, 8th ed, OUP) is implemented To be specific, in this study, “Code” is defined as “a verbal component that can be as small as a morpheme or as comprehensive and complex as the entire system of language.” (Ayeomoni, M.O, 2006) 2.1.2 Code mixing and code switching The terms code alternation, code mixing and code switching have grounded heated debates in distinguishing Different definitions of code mixing, code switching as well as the differentiation between the thereof have been proposed The first point of view was raised by Clyne (1991) who argued that there is no difference between code mixing and code switching in which “the speaker stops using language „A‟ and employs language „B‟ ” (p 161) However, Bentahila and Davies (1983) held the second view point that codemixing is the random alternation of two languages within a sentence Wei (1998) also shared the same idea that if code alternation occurs at or above clause level, it is considered code switching, but if it occurs below clause level then it is considered code mixing According to Bhatia and Ritchie (2004), code-mixing as “the mixing of various linguistic units (morphemes, words, modifiers, phrases, clauses and sentences) primarily from two participating grammatical systems within a sentence” However, in her “Sometimes I‟ll start a sentence in English …”, Poplack (1980) defined code switching as “the alternation of two languages within a single discourse, sentence or constituent” and divided code switching into three types including tag switching, inter-sentential and intra- sentential ones The first type, tag-switching, related to the inclusion of a tag (e.g: you know, OK, right, etc), can be illustrated in the following example of Portuguese- English bilingual: “I look like Lilica, you know, nunca paro!” [ I look like Lilica, you know, I never stop!] The second type, inter-sentential switching occurs in clausal level or between sentences A case in point is the title of the of Poplack (1980)‟s study: “Sometimes I’ll start a sentence in English y termino en español” [Sometimes I’ll start a sentence in English and finish in Spanish] The third type is intra-sentential code switching Below is an example of a Portuguese – English bilingual‟s speech: “Yeah, I don’t know o meu lugar nesse mundo…so, something that is weird, like a, like a, I guess it’s…” [… I don’t know my place in this world…] (Jalil A, 2009) Therefore, both Poplack (1980) and Holmes (1992) proposed another view point which refers the third type, intra-sentential code switching, as code-mixing In other words, code-mixing is a sub-type of code switching This is also agreed by Liu, P (2008) who states that: “Very often the expression code-mixing is used synonymously with code switching and means basically intra-sentential code switching”(p.4) It is shown that the phenomenon defined differently as a result of different research interest as well as how researchers view the phenomenon In this study, we adopt the third view point In brief, code switching refers to both inter-sentential and intra-sentential code-alternation occurring when a bilingual speaker uses more than one language in a single utterance above the clause level to appropriately convey his/her intents, thus code switching relates to participants and discourse Mean while code mixing refers to mixing the various language units below clause level within a sentence, which results no discourse meaning occurring sentence internally and of their interests, and (iii) if students are well instructed how to be proactive in learning not only inside but also everywhere The second implication directs to the authors of these articles The matter is whether they should be blamed on overusing code-mixing without being aware of the readers or not As in this study, we are not going further into the roots for using code-mixing, we are not exploiting too deeply the education states as well as reasoning of authors Though the suggestions from the respondent‟s idea is worth nerve-racking, they should be further investigated in later studies 5.4 Part of the questionnaires: Findings and Discussion According to Pennington et al (1992), ethnicity, education level, age and social situation could affect the code choice In this study, such demographical factors as educational level and current place of studying show the relation to the attitude towards code-mixing The respondents were divided into three groups: big cities, countryside and mountainous areas represented by three places namely Hanoi, Thai Binh and Son La On the whole, these groups reflect the general trends of young readers‟ attitudes analyzed in part above However, when having a look at particular parts, significant difference was still quite obvious Among these groups, Hanoi‟s readers tended to understand the articles with the highest responses (59,46%) and most of them felt comfortable (44,44%) Those from Son La ranked the second in understanding with 39,8 % have the least comfort with only 30,23% 52 Figure 8: Feeling content of readers in Figure 7: Understanding in different places different places In spite of that, only more than 20% of the city‟s readers prefer or pay attention to code-mixing articles, which is of much lower rate compared to almost half of those in Thai Binh and Son La attracted by code-mixing articles Figure 9: Preference of readers in Figure 10: Attention level paid on code different places mixing in different regions Corresponding to the answer of Q3, fewer city readers (21,34%) have any difficulties in reading than other places (26,92% of Thai Binh and 23,25% of Son La readers) As a result, they did not accuse code-mixing of destroying Vietnamese impurity (17,82%) as much as Thai Binh‟s readers (19,27%) or Son La‟s readers (25,46%) readers did 53 Figure 11: Difficulty had in different Figure 12: Agreement if code-mixing places destroys Vietnamese impurity It was supposed that city readers would have better understanding, feel more comfortable, express more preference, pay more attention, encounter less difficulty and have friendly attitude towards code-mixing than the two others Those from the mountainous Son La were expected to be of the other extreme to Hanoi respondents In fact, however, the collected data did not really fulfill the expectation Through the results analyzed above, although Hanoi readers did have highest rate in understanding, feeling good about code-mixing, they showed the lowest percentage of preferring and paying attention They had the least difficulties, so they were the most tolerant to code-mixing in preserving Vietnamese purity Readers from mountainous areas, despite not ranking the highest in comprehension, still showed high preference and attention to code-mixing However, as predicted, they did not feel comfortable with code-mixing, and even expressed the most aggressive attitudes to English adoption in preserving Vietnamese Thai Binh readers, apart from understanding the least and face with the most difficulties, rank the second in almost the rest cases On the whole, answers of questions 3,4,5,7 showed different results compared with expectation The respondents who had the least understanding was not from Son La, but from Thai Binh, and, in consequence, Thai Binh respondents had the most challenges in reading code-mixing articles The 54 highest rate in preferring and paying attention did not belong to Hanoi respondents, but those from the rest two ones As Hanoi capital is a big city with variety of political, cultural and social activities, respondents from Hanoi have more chances to be exposed to cultural and entertainment cosmopolitan events They also have acquired English earlier in their life through studying at schools or language centers, even in their families, so their English language background and ability is considerable Also, mass media such as TV, Internet, billboards, even posters advertising things on the streets with English mixed have been common with their life English is even mixed in their daily conversation to their friends without awareness All in all, English has been a familiar phenomenon in their life as something defaulted It reflects the familiarity with English words (Leung, 2010) Therefore, when encountering English phrases mixed in the corpus, they showed themselves as those who had the most mastering who could understand and be open to English However, it was just taken as a normal language event happening, English did not attract much of their attention and preference For those from Son La or Thai Binh, the chances to be exposed to English are much more of limitation With later acquisition of English language in class, no chance to attend classes in English language centers, less chances to participate cultural events or even mass media, they have little knowledge of English Besides, their parents are almost never or rarely be able to understand English words Hence, English code mixed into a magazine is still a barrier for them to understand the whole articles they need to read Nevertheless, as they have learnt English, their curiosity towards English words and trend following have raised their preference and attention to English mixed articles They are also quite open to English though not as much as Hanoi informants Regarding educational levels, the respondents were categorized into two groups: (1) Secondary school and (2) high school It was found that respondents with higher 55 educational level could understand better and felt more comfortable with codemixing In Q3, only 36,09% of secondary school respondents could understand code-mixing while 52,29 percent of high school ones could that Likewise, in Q4, only nearly 30% secondary school respondents felt comfortable while almost half of high school readers had the same feeling when reading code-mixing articles In spite of that, younger readers are more attracted by articles with code-mixing In Q6, the percentage of secondary school readers paid attention to code-mixing is twice as much as that of high school readers Though both types of respondents did not have much difficulty in reading code-mixed articles, older readers were still more tolerant to code-mixing Only less than 20% high school readers considered code-mixing as destroying Vietnamese This reflects that readers with higher education level have more positive attitudes towards code mixing articles in the corpus Since 1997, English has been officially a subject taught in secondary and high school The use of English has also been more encouraged since 2002 when English became a compulsory subject for any testing system nationwide Students are even sent to international or boarding schools to learn English The level of words and reaction to English show their language ability High school students have at least years to study English As a result, their English background is much higher than that of secondary schools students who have maximum only years of studying Additionally, the more students grow up, the more they are exposed to English through media, songs and social events around them In other words, students at high school have grown up more accustomed to English and English code-mixing Their proficiency of English not only allows them to understand English codemixing more easily but even use English code-mixing better That reasons why they account for higher percentage in understanding and feeling good about codemixing 56 Questions Educational Agree level (%) Q3: You often understand articles in Hoa Hoc Tro (1) Magazine with code mixing 36,09 (2) 52,29 (1) 29,54 Q4: You often feel comfortable when you read Hoa Hoc (2) Tro Magazine with code mixing 48,57 Q5: In general, you prefer code-mixing in Hoa Hoc Tro (1) Magazine 39,55 (2) 38,4 (1) 51,16 (2) 38,61 Q7: You find it difficult to read the articles with English (1) code-mixing in Hoa Hoc Tro Magazine 24,22 (2) 24,52 Q8: Code – mixing of English in Hoa Hoc Tro Magazine (1) destroys Vietnamese impurity 25,24 (2) 19,44 Q6: Articles with code mixing often draw your attention Table 9: Attitudes towards code-mixing of secondary and high school students Secondary school students, on the other hand, have less time exposing to English Thus, they did not understand and feel comfortable as those studying at high schools Nevertheless, many of them still paid attention to code mixing articles for 57 the sake of curiosity Despite that, they still had harsher attitudes towards codemixing as destroying Vietnamese purity, partly due to the fact that they could not comprehend the articles thoroughly enough 58 CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION 6.1 Summary With the expectation of finding out the patterns of code mixing (intra-sentential) used in Hoa Hoc Tro Magazine as well as the reactions of readers towards this phenomenon, the researcher based on the theories of Poplack‟s (1980) Free Morpheme Constraint and Equivalence Contraints, Myers-Scottons (1993a) Markedness Model and empirical studies conducted by Chen (2006), Leung (2010), Kia (2011) on code-mixing in advertisements and entertainment news in Malaysia, Hong Kong and Taiwan Six volumes of Hoa Hoc Tro Magazine were chosen to find out the cases of codemixing before categorizing them along parts of speech and the columns in which the frequency was the highest 239 valid questionnaires were also collected with the respondents‟ views on four specific extracts as well as code-mixing found in the corpus in general Places of residents (including the rural, mountainous and urban areas) and level of education were taken into consideration in the third part of the questionnaires The results showed that there were 1379 English words mixed into six volumes, or an average of about 200 English words in each volume Most of the English words mixed are nouns (91,44%), the rest are verbs (5%) and adjectives (3,56%) Codemixing is quite popular in the columns about entertainment, i.e music or movie; internet and express news As for the attitude of readers towards code-mixing in the four extracts, only half of the readers could understand them or feel comfortable with the English words embedded This synchronized with the opinion on code mixing in Hoa Hoc Tro magazine in general in the later parts of the questionnaires Nearly 50% of the people asked favored code-mixing or found code-mixing as a factor to catch their attention Almost two thirds of the informants disagreed with the assumed idea that code-mixing destroyed Vietnamese purity 59 It was also found that the readers living in the city could understand and feel more comfortable with code mixing They also did not find it difficult in reading the code-mixed articles, therefore they opposed the idea that code-mixing could contaminate Vietnamese However, they did not show as much preference and attention to articles with code-mixing as the respondents from the rural and mountainous areas The reaction of the older informants who study at high school was of a similar case with that of those from the cities above In other words, the readers at secondary, despite their less understanding and comfort towards codemixing, still have higher preference and attention paid to code-mixed articles Obviously, there is a high co-relationship between capability of using English and understanding and accepting code-mixing The higher their education level is, the more respondents can understand the code-mixed words In addition, if the readers are put in the cosmopolitan or cultural environment, or more exposed to multilingual context, their opinion on code-mixing is more opened 6.2 Implications Though code-mixing is not prevented or rejected by most of the respondents, it has not been understood by almost half of them Many still found English mixed words hard to understand It is suggested Hoa Hoc Tro editors as well as writers need to take this into consideration for better service to readers who have not had chances to expose to English either because of their English level or places of residence Writers should be more aware of the difficulty level and the popularity of the words embedded and determine whether code-mixing matches with the formality of the column and readers‟ anthropological features properly 6.3 Limitations On the basis of previous researches on code-switching and code-mixing of English in other languages, this study only focuses on a particular magazine for certain readers Therefore, this study was not attempted to uncover all the specific or 60 general features of English code mixing in Vietnamese in general but just to contribute a better understanding of specific code mixing used in Hoa Hoc Tro Magazine as a result of the influence from the West In order to develop this study, the following section will suggests some areas for further research 6.4 Suggestions for further study This study only concentrates on written code-mixing in a magazine for teenagers Consequently, we recommend that the further researches could be extended into two trends One trend is the investigation of English code-mixing in other written magazines and entertainment news for youngsters to get the whole picture of mixing codes into written press The other turns the study on spoken languages news or press for the youth such as radio or TV Certainly, there are distinctive differences between the spoken and written style, the results of these studies 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ngôn ngữ tiế ng Anh báo Hoa Học Trò Phiế u câu hỏ i này được phát nhằ m tìm hiể u về thái độ của độc giả đố i với viê ̣c sử dụng pha trộn ngôn ngữ tiế ng Anh vào các bài báo Hoa Học Trò Xin các bạn vui lòng giúp chúng trả lời các câu hỏi dưới Các câu trả lời sẽ không được dùng để đánh giá hay chấm điểm mà chỉ để sử dụng cho mục đích nghiên cứu Tấ t cả các thông tin của các bạn sẽ được giữ bảo mật Xin chân thành cảm ơn sự hợp tác của các bạn Phầ n 1: Bạn có thƣờng xuyên đọc báo Hoa Học Trò không? □ Không bao giờ □ Hiế m □ Thỉnh thoảng □ Thƣờng xuyên □ Luôn (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Phần 2: Dưới là các phầ n trích từ mô ̣t số bài báo báo Hoa Ho ̣c Trò Bạn vui lòng đọc các phần trích và đánh dấu (√) vào phần ô trống mà bạn cho là đúng với mình Phầ n trích số Bạn hiểu đƣợc những từ tiếng Anh pha trô ̣n(in đâ ̣m) các bài báo trich từ ́ báo Hoa Học Trò bên dƣới (Bạn vui lòng khoanh tròn từ mà bạn không hiể u các phầ n trích) Không đồ ng ý Đồng ý mô ̣t phầ n Đồng ý Rấ t đồ ng ý Bạn cảm thấy thoải mái bạn đọc các bài báo có các từ ngữ tiếng Anh đƣợc pha trô ̣n các bài báo bên dƣới Rấ t không đồ ng ý Số => Số Quảng Ngãi: Teen THPT Chuyên Lê Khiết làm chủ nhà hiếu khách Ngày 25/3 vừ a qua, các LKers đã chào đó n anh em kết nghi ̃a của mình là THPT chuyên Nguyễn Bi ̉nh Khiêm đến thăm Không chi ̉ giớ i thiệu nhà của mình, các LKers còn đưa NBKers đến thăm những địa danh nổi tiếng… (Hoa Hoc Tro vol.953, Bản tin H2T Express, p.37) …Tổ chƣ́c offline cũng là một “chiêu thức” hiệu quả của BĐH để quảng bá và “nâng cấp” số lƣợng thành viên Có thể là những đợt off đinh kì hai, ba ̣ tháng hoặc off theo sƣ̣ kiê ̣n Thời điể m back-2-skool hiê ̣n thƣờng là mùa bô ̣i thu để tổ chƣ́c off đó nha! Bọn tớ hay kết hợp offline với các chƣơng trinh ̀ khuyế n mai kèm nhƣ quà tă ̣ng lƣu niê ̣m , còn ̃ fansite của các thì tặng poster, đia gố c, lomo ̃ card,… Cƣ́ nhƣ thế , trang nào càng nhiề u chiêu trò thì càng thu hút đƣợc lƣợng mem đông đảo, 4rum ngày càng “bá đạo” thôi, hehe… (Hoa Hoc Tro vol.971, Hồ sơ quan chức 4rum teen đinh đám, p16) ̀ Số 3: Số lượ ng fan đến tham dự buổi mini showcase mắ t của B1A4 tại Nhật mới Tuy diễn ngoài trơi show ̀ chật kín xem, thậm chí nhiề u fan ̀ còn phải đứng chen chúc các cầu thang, hành lang, dãy nhà xung quanh (Hoa Học Trò vol 971, Những số biế t nói, p.58) Số 4: INFINITE – NHỮNG CHÀNG TRAI VÔ CỰC đã giúp Infinite “ghi điể m” vơi fan Kpop ́ chưa “debut” Ngay “on stage” lầ n đầ u tiên, chàng trai đã khiế n dân tinh mắ t tròn mắ t dẹt trươc khả ̀ ́ nhảy vũ đạo đếu nặn của mình Thậm chí các fan còn đặt biệt danh “bảy ̀ một”(…) Ngoài mỗi “hit” mơi, Infinite lại ́ khiế n khán giả đượ c một phen thích thú … (Hoa Học Trò Vol.930, p30) Phầ n : Xin ba ̣n vui lòng đánh dấ u tick (√) vào phần ô trống mà bạn cho là đúng với mình: Rấ t không đồ ng ý Không đồ ng ý Đồng ý mô ̣t phầ n Đồng ý Bạn hiểu những bài báo có chứa cá c tƣ̀ ngƣ̃ tiế ng Anh pha trô ̣n tạp chí Hoa Học Trò Bạn cảm thấy thoải mái đọc các bài báo Hoa Học trò có pha trộn các từ ngữ tiếng Anh Nói chung, bạn thích các bài báo Hoa Học Trò có pha trộn các từ ngữ tiếng Anh Các từ ngữ tiếng Anh pha trộn các bài báo Hoa Học Trò gây sự chú ý cho bạn Các từ tiếng Anh pha trộn các bài báo Hoa Ho ̣c Trò gây khó khăn cho viê ̣c đo ̣c của bạn Viê ̣c pha trô ̣n tƣ̀ ngƣ̃ tiế ng Anh các bài báo Hoa Học Trò làm hỏng sự sáng của tiế ng Viê ̣t Phầ n 4: Xin các ba ̣n vui lòng đánh dấ u tick (√) vào phần ô trống mà bạn cho là đúng với mình: Tuổ i của ba ̣n: □12-15 □ 16-18 □19-22 Bạn sống ở tỉnh/thành phố: ……………………………… Bạn học ở trƣờng nào: □ Trung học sở □ Trung học phổ thông □ Đại học Nếu bạn muốn biết thêm chi tiết nghiên cứu của chúng tôi, xin điền thông tin vào phần dƣới để chúng có thể gửi kết quả cho các bạn Tên: ………………………………………… Lớp: …………Trƣờng: …………………… Số điê ̣n thoa ̣i: ……………………………… Email: ……………………………………… ̉ XIN CAM ƠN! Rấ t đồ ng ý ... IN VIETNAM: PATTERNS AND READERS’ ATTITUDES (HIỆN TƯỢNG PHA TRỘN NGƠN NGỮ ANH TRONG BÁO HOA HỌC TRỊ Ở VIỆT NAM: HÌNH THỨC PHA TRỘN VÀ THÁI ĐỘ CỦA ĐỘC GIẢ) M.A COMBINED PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English. .. Magazine often draw your attention Q.8 You find it difficult to read the articles with English code-mixing in Hoa Hoc Tro Magazine Q9 Code – mixing of English in Hoa Hoc Tro Magazine destroys Vietnamese... You often feel comfortable when you read Hoa Hoc Tro Magazine with code mixing 23 Q.6 In general, you prefer code-mixing in Hoa Hoc Tro Magazine Q.7 Articles with code mixing in Hoa Hoc Tro Magazine