VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES οOο ĐẶNG NGUYÊN GIANG A STUDY ON STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC COMPONENTS OF TYPICAL ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE IDIOMS (Nghiên cứu thành tố cấu trúc ngữ nghĩa số thành ngữ cố định (đặc ngữ) điển hình tiếng Anh tiếng Việt) Major: English Linguistics Code: 62 22 15 01 A Thesis Submitted in Total Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy HANOI – 2013 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES οOο ĐẶNG NGUYÊN GIANG A STUDY ON STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC COMPONENTS OF TYPICAL ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE IDIOMS (Nghiên cứu thành tố cấu trúc ngữ nghĩa số thành ngữ cố định (đặc ngữ) điển hình tiếng Anh tiếng Việt) Major: English Linguistics Code: 62 22 15 01 A Thesis Submitted in Total Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Supervisors: Assoc Prof Dr Võ Đại Quang Assoc Prof Dr Lê Hùng Tiến HANOI – 2013 DECLARATION BY AUTHOR Except where reference has been made in the text, this thesis contains no material previously published or written by another person I, Đặng Nguyên Giang, hereby state that this thesis is the result of my own research and the substance of the thesis has not, wholly or in part, been submitted for any degrees to any other universities or institutions i PUBLISHED WORKS BY THE AUTHOR RELEVANT TO THE THESIS Giang, Đ N (2009) Idiomatic Variants and Synonymous Idioms in English VNU Journal of Science, Foreign Languages, 25 (2), 81-85 Giang, Đ N (2011) Idiom Variants and Synonymous Idioms in English and Vietnamese: The Similarities and Differences VNU Journal of Science, Foreign Languages, 27 (4), 273-280 Giang, Đ N (2011) Bàn thêm đặc tính ngữ nghĩa thành ngữ tiếng Anh [On the semantic properties of English idioms] Bản tin thông tin khoa học công nghệ Trường Đại học Tây Bắc, 1-6, 27-33 Giang, Đ N (2012) Bàn thêm đặc tính ngữ nghĩa thành ngữ tiếng Việt [On the semantic properties of Vietnamese idioms] Từ điển học Bách khoa thư, 15 (1), 38-43 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The completion of this dissertation is credited to many people’s contributions and support I would like to take this opportunity to thank them all most sincerely, knowing that my thanks are never adequate I am greatly indebted to my supervisors Assoc Prof Dr Võ Đại Quang and Assoc Prof Dr Lê Hùng Tiến for their encouragement, insightful comments and interest in my study I would like to thank the staff of Post Graduate Department for their assistance that has made the finalization of the dissertation possible in a very short time My sincere thanks also extend to Prof Dr Hoàng Văn Vân, Assoc Prof Dr Nguyễn Văn Độ, Dr Nguyễn Đức Hoạt, and Dr Nguyễn Văn Trào for their invaluable suggestions, highly constructive comments on several issues related to the dissertation Their willingness to support me, answer my questions, and comment on my dissertation content and organization has made me more confident to pursue the research in this challenging area I give my sincere thanks to all my students, colleagues and friends who patiently listened to my frustrations, and provided me with encouragement, understanding and collegiality As custom dictates, I have saved the most important people for last My gratitude goes to my mother and father Their constant love and unconditional support are simply beyond words A big thank goes to my wife, Thanh Hà, and my gorgeous son, Bảo Nam, for their patience, endless love, and devotion Whatever choices I have made, they have always stood by me and believed in me I am immensely thankful for all the assistance they have given me iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Declaration by Author…………………………………………… …………… i Published Works by the Author Relevant to the Thesis…………… ….…… ii Acknowledgements…………………………………………………… ……… iii Abstract…………………………………………………………….…… …… viii List of Figures……………………………………………………… ………… x List of Tables…………………………………………………………… ……… xiv List of Abbreviations and Symbols Used in the Thesis……………… …… xv List of Vietnamese – English Terms………………………………… ….…… xvi PART A: INTRODUCTION………………………………………… ……… 1 Rationale………………………………………………………… …… …… Aims and Objectives of the Study……………………………… … ……… 3 Research Questions……………………………………………… ………… Scope of the Study……………………………………… ………….……… Contributions of the Study……………………………… ……….………… Methodology……………………………………………… …… … ……… 6.1 Theoretical Framework………………………………… ….…………… 6.2 Analytical Framework……………………………… …….…………… 6.3 Data Collection………………………………………… ….…………… 6.4 Data Analysis…………………………………………… ….………… 10 6.5 Procedure……………………………………………… …….………… 12 Structure of the Study……………………………………… …….………… 13 PART B: DEVELOPMENT………………………………………… ……… 14 CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW……………………… ….………… 14 1.1 Theoretical Background……………………………………… …….…… 14 1.1.1 Idioms Defined………………………………………… …….……… 14 1.1.2 Idioms from Traditional View………………………… …….……… 16 1.1.3 Idioms from Cognitive View…………………………… …….……… 18 1.1.4 Idioms from Taxonomic View………………………… …….……… 19 1.1.5 Idioms from Cultural View…………………………… …….……… 28 1.1.6 Idioms in the Relationship to Other Linguistic Units……… …… … 29 1.2 Previous Research……………………………………………… …….… 33 1.2.1 Previous Research Works on Idioms in English………… ….…….… 33 iv 1.2.2 Previous Research Works on Idioms in Vietnamese……… ……….… 35 1.2.3 Previous Research Works on Idioms in English and Vietnamese under Comparison and Contrastive Analysis……………………………… ….… 38 1.3 Summary……………………………………………………….…….….… 39 CHAPTER 2: STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE IDIOMS………………………………………… …………… 41 2.1 Canonical Structural Components…………………………… ………… 41 2.1.1 Symmetrical Idioms…………………………………… …………… 41 2.1.1.1 Realization…………………………………… … …………… 41 2.1.1.2 Structural Patterns……………………………… ….………… 42 2.1.1.3 Structural Components………………………… …………… 43 2.1.2 Similized Idioms…………………………………… …… ………… 51 2.1.2.1 Realization…………………………………… … …………… 51 2.1.2.2 Structural Patterns…………………………… … …………… 52 2.1.2.3 Structural Components……………………… ….…….……… 53 2.1.3 Non-symmetrical idioms………………………………… ………… 59 2.1.3.1 Realization…………………………………… … …………… 59 2.1.3.2 Structural Patterns…………………………… …….………… 60 2.1.3.3 Structural Components………………………… …………… 62 2.2 Non-canonical Structural Components……………… … ……………… 69 2.2.1 Idiom Variants………………………………………… …………… 70 2.2.1.1 Realization…………………………………… … …………… 70 2.2.1.2 Structural Components……………………… … …………… 72 2.2.2 Synonymous Idioms……………………………… … ……………… 78 2.2.2.1 Realization…………………………………… … …………… 78 2.2.2.2 Structural Components………………………… …………… 2.3 Structural Components of English and Vietnamese Idioms Compared 80 85 2.3.1 Similarities…………………………………………… … …………… 85 2.3.1.1 Canonical Structural Components Found in both Languages… 85 2.3.1.2 Non-canonical Structural Components Found in both Languages 85 2.3.2 Differences…………………………………….………… …………… 86 2.3.2.1 Canonical Structural Components Unique to English……… … 88 2.3.2.2 Non-canonical Structural Components Unique to English… v 89 2.3.2.3 Canonical Structural Components Unique to Vietnamese …… 90 2.3.2.4 Non-canonical Structural Components Unique to Vietnamese… 91 2.4 Summary……………………………………………………… ……… … CHAPTER 3: SEMANTIC COMPONENTS OF ENGLISH 92 AND VIETNAMESE IDIOMS……………………………………… …… … …… 93 3.1 Canonical Semantic Components……………………………… … … … 93 3.1.1 Semantic Components of Symmetrical Idioms……………… ……… 93 3.1.1.1 Motivation Degree of Semantic Components……… … …… 93 3.1.1.2 Composition of Semantic Components………………….…… 100 3.1.2 Semantic Components of Similized Idioms…………………… …… 102 3.1.2.1 Motivation Degree of Semantic Components……… … …… 102 3.1.2.2 Composition of Semantic Components…………… …… … 105 3.1.3 Semantic Components of Non-symmetrical Idioms…………… …… 107 3.1.3.1 Motivation Degree of Semantic Components………… …… 107 3.1.3.2 Composition of Semantic Components………………….…… 112 3.2 Non-canonical Semantic Components…………………………… ……… 114 3.2.1 Semantic Components of Idiom Variants……………………………… 115 3.2.1.1 Realization…………………………………………… ……… 115 3.2.1.2 Semantic Nuance…………………………………… … …… 116 3.2.2 Semantic Components of Synonymous Idioms…………… …… …… 118 3.2.2.1 Realization…………………………………………… … …… 118 3.2.2.2 Semantic Nuance……………………………………… …… 118 3.3 Formation of Semantic Components of Idioms…………………… …… 119 3.3.1 Formation Mechanism……………………………………….… …… 119 3.3.2 Main Factors Affecting the Formation of Semantic Components…… 124 3.3.2.1 Living Circumstance…………………………… …….……… 124 3.3.2.2 Historical Allusion………………………………… ……… 126 3.3.2.3 Religions and Beliefs……………………………… ………… 128 3.3.2.4 Traditions and Customs…………………………… … ……… 128 3.4 Semantic Components of English and Vietnamese Idioms Compared… 130 3.4.1 Similarities…………………………………………… ……………… 131 3.4.1.1 Canonical Semantic Components Found in both Languages… 131 3.4.1.2 Non-canonical Semantic Components Found in both Languages vi 132 3.4.1.3 Formation of semantic components found in both Languages 133 3.4.2 Differences…………………………………………………….….… … 134 3.4.2.1 Canonical Semantic Components Unique to English……….… 135 3.4.2.2 Canonical Semantic Components Unique to Vietnamese… 136 3.4.2.3 Differences between English and Vietnamese in Terms of Main Factors that Affect the Formation of Semantic Components… 136 3.5 Summary………………………………………………………………… … 141 PART C: CONCLUSION…………………………………………….………… 142 Recapitulation…………………………………………………… ….……… 142 Conclusions……………………………………………………… … ……… 146 Implications for Idiom Teaching and Translation…………… ……….… 149 Suggestions for Further Studies…………………………………… ……… 151 REFERENCES………………………………………………………… …… 153 APPENDIX 1………………………………………………………… ….…… I APPENDIX 2………………………………………………………… ….…… VII APPENDIX 3…………………………………………………….… ………… XII APPENDIX 4……………………………………………………… ………… XVI vii ABSTRACT An investigation of idioms in English and Vietnamese in terms of structural and semantic components is carried out in the present study Componential analysis, describing, comparing and contrasting are regarded as the main methods used in the present thesis The findings of the study are concerned with the similarities and differences between English and Vietnamese idioms in terms of (1) structural components, and (2) semantic components and their formation In order to collect the data, a hand search approach of the dictionaries in both languages has been conducted, which helps to establish a corpus of 4,134 idioms in English and 4,053 idioms in Vietnamese In the present study, a common theoretical framework on idioms is applied to both English and Vietnamese The canonical structural and semantic components involve three types of idioms existing in our data: symmetrical, similized, and non-symmetrical (Đức 1995; Hành 2008) The canonical structural components of each idiom type are realized, described and analyzed according to grammatical rules suggested by Quirk, Greenbaum, Leech, & Svartvik (1985) The non-canonical structural components involve two types of idioms: idiom variants and synonymous idioms The semantic components of each idiom type involve the motivation degrees (transparent, semi-transparent, semi-opaque, and opaque) (Fernando & Flavell 1981; Fernando 1996), the association between the literal readings and the idiomatic meanings (Langlotz 2006), and the semantic composition of component parts (Hành 2008) The findings of the current study also reveal that most of the idioms in both English and Vietnamese are analyzable and have meanings that are at least partly motivated (Geeraets 1995; Gibbs 1990, 1995; Kövecses & Szabo 1996; Nunberg et al 1994; Fernando 1996; Langlotz 2006; etc) The formation mechanism of the semantic components of idioms is motivated by external semantic cognition including metaphors, metonymies and conventional knowledge (Gibbs 1990, 1995) It is a natural process implicitly affected by several different factors such as living circumstance (geographical environment, climate), historical allusion (historical events, fables and mythologies, literary works), religions and beliefs, and traditions and customs (food and cooking, animals) This leads to a fact that the component parts forming idioms in the two viii vợ chồng sam 115 116 thô bags 117 tham lam cat 118 119 chó, gấu wolf thay đổi 120 fortune fortun thời tiết water 121 trung thành steel stal’ chó 122 vơ cảm nail, sticks sukhap’ băng, ngói 123 vui grip tết 124 lark mở hội 125 cricket mở cờ bụng 126 punch 127 sand boy 128 vững 129 130 rock skala fencing kiềng ba chân fish ryba/ rybka hến 131 mouse mush’ thóc 132 grave mogila ngậm hột thị 133 lamb nấm mồ 134 oyster bưng 135 lời bàn thạch dở 136 137 bandicoot bed-bug hay quên a sieve resheto bã đậu 138 nước đổ khoai 139 củ chuối 140 ngu 141 donkey probka owl bị tót lợn 142 chó 143 thơng thái owl sova 144 giàu có Crousus Krez 145 nghèo church tserkovnaja mouse krysa rat mysh’ 146 V nhà hiền triết (cây) vờ nhộng 147 job/ job’s turkey 148 bandicoot 149 fowl 150 lov wood rớt mồng tơi tổ đỉa VI APPENDIX CLASSIFICATION OF ENGLISH IDIOMS (Cowie, Mackin & McCaig 1993) (1) Clause patterns [V + Comp] verb + complement pattern subject (aux +) verb complement adjective phrase/ noun phrase Your measurements must be dead right A friend would be good for her You would get high on this stuff The oil market has gone berserk The suspects should come clean about themselves Bill would get even with the gang was a dab hand at carpentry gone native Peter Their greatest had explorer [V + O] verb + direct object patterns subject (aux +) verb direct object The police have cleared all our characters An article caught his attention The state should foot the bill The minister can’t blink the fact any longer You led a cat and dog life They play a tiresome cat-and-mouse game Fred must have dished the dirt George had spilled the beans [V + O + Comp] verb + direct object + complement pattern subject (aux +) verb direct object complement The children drive their mother mad I took Martin unawares VII David counts himself fortunate The Chancellor made his strategy plain The boss caught Steve napping His demands have bled the family white The crew had painted the town red John has made his colleagues a laughing-stock The matron made their lives a misery [V + IO + O] verb + indirect object + direct object pattern subject (aux +) verb indirect object direct object This exhibition doesn't the artist credit I bore Bolshow little ill-will You had better blow daddy a kiss The film has sold you a real pup You must show these guys who’s boss The old chap paid you a great compliment Mary sets us all a good example The salesman spun me a terrific yarn [V + O + A] verb + direct object + adjunct pattern subject (aux +) verb direct object adjunct adjective/ adverb The neighbours Janet A doctor You had taken our suggestion amiss took everything too hard has to put his patients first have cast your net wide The explanation blows the myth sky-high The writer sells his characters short The newspapers play it straight won’t (2) Possessive clause patterns VIII [possess] possessive clause pattern (1) subject (aux +) verb direct object get The leaders got a taste of their own medicine Everybody gets a fair share of the cake That club is getting a bad name The customer was getting cold feet The economy a quick shot in the arm got [possess] possessive clause pattern (2) subject (aux +) verb indirect direct object object give The voters gave the leaders a The film gives everybody medicine Drug pushers are giving that club a fair share of the cake The excess tariff was giving the customer a bad name The Chancellor the economy gave taste of their own cold feet a quick shot in the arm (3) Phrase patterns [NP] noun phrase determiner adjective noun a blue fit his blue-eyed boy the common touch easy terms either way false alarm a a the prepositional phrase/ clause feather good in one’s cap things in life IX [AdjP] adjective phrase adverb determiner adjective prepositional phrase/ infinitive/ clause all right by me all too brief for me as big as saucers as happy as the day is long absolutely mad about football fast asleep far too full of his own importance not fit to wash his feet [PrepP] prepositional phrase preposition object of preposition determiner adjective noun above one’s at one’s in somebody’s in the ordinary way in the same way of good standing under his under your station own discretion opinion nose steam own [AdvP] adverbial phrase adv modifier adverb all too briefly as fast far afield full none too prepositional phrase/ clause as his legs could carry him in the face soon (4) Noun phrase patterns with repeated element [n + n] noun + noun pattern body and soul (the) deaf and dump X day and night head to tail death or glory airs and graces [adj + adj] adjective + adjective pattern bright and early free and easy fair and square (all) hot and bothered slow but sure XI APPENDIX 100 PAIRS OF ENGLISH IDIOMS HAVING THE SAME CONTENTS I: Idiom variants S: Synonymous idioms Pairs of English idioms I/S to wrap someone around one’s little finger/to have someone at one’s beck S and call to face the music/to wake up and smell the coffee S take it into one’s mind/take it into one’s head I dead and buried/dead and gone S with a high hand/in a high handed fashion S to fall short of one’s hopes/to fall short of one’s expectations I to lay it on thick/to pile it on thick I to disappear into thin air/to vanish into thin air I to get out of line/to step out of line I 10 to follow the line of least resistance/to choose the line of least resistance S 11 to come the point/to reach the point I 12 to teach someone a thing or two/to show someone a thing or two I 13 to give it to someone/to hand it to someone I 14 a leap in the dark/a shot in the dark S 15 money for jam/money for old rope S 16 not to turn a hair/without turning a hair S 17 a clean slate/a clean sheet S 18 a tight spot/a tight corner S 19 now and again/now and then S 20 on and off/off and on I 21 scrimp and save/scrimp and scrape S 22 against all/against the odds S 23 at a pinch/at a push S 24 by fits and starts/in fits and starts S 25 by leaps and bounds/in leaps and bounds S 26 in a fine pickle/in a pretty pickle I 27 in a fix/in a scrape S XII 28 to ask for trouble/to look for trouble S 29 to bend over backwards/to lean over backwards I 30 to break fresh ground/to break new ground I 31 to cost a bomb/to cost the earth S 32 to wonders with something/to miracles with something I 33 not to entertain the idea/not to entertain the suggestion I 34 to fall short of something/to come short of something S 35 to get cracking/to get weaving S 36 to get a grip one oneself/to get a hold on oneself I 37 to give the game away/to give the show away S 38 to hit the roof/to hit the ceiling I 39 to have designs on someone/ something/to have designs upon someone/ S something 40 to have everything going for me/to have a lot going for me I 41 to know something inside out/to know something backwards S 42 to know one’s onions/to know one’s stuff S 43 to know the ropes/to learn the ropes I 44 to make a mess of something/to make a hash of something I 45 to pick a quarrel/to pick a fight S 46 to get one’s blood up/to have one’s blood up I 47 to sugar the pill/to sweeten the pill I 48 to sweep something under the carpet/to brush something under the carpet I 49 to watch one’s step/to mind one’s step S 50 an old bird/an old fish S 51 to rain cats and dogs/to pour cats and dogs I 52 not to harm a fly/not to hurt a fly S 53 to horse about/to horse around S 54 a blue film/a blue movie I 55 to disappear into thin air/to disappear into the blue S 56 to scream blue murder/to cry blue murder I 57 as white as a sheet/as white as a ghost S 58 one in a thousand/one in a million I 59 two bites of the cherry/two bites at the cherry S XIII 60 two a penny/ten a penny I 61 a hundred and one/a thousand and one I 62 to stand out a mile/to stick out a mile I 63 to keep someone at arm’s length/to hold someone at arm’s length I 64 to have one’s back to the wall/to have one’s back against the wall S 65 like getting blood from a stone/like getting blood out of a stone S 67 to hold one’s cards close to one’s chest/to keep one’s cards close to one’s I chest 68 under someone’s eye/before someone’s eye S 69 to put a bold face on it/to put a brave face on it S 70 to lay one’s finger on something/to put one’s finger on something I 71 to put a foot wrong/to set a foot wrong I 72 to fall one one’s feet/ to land one one’s feet I 73 to pull the carpet from under someone’s feet/to pull the rug from under I someone’s feet 74 to make someone’s hair curl/to make someone’s hair stand on end S 75 to give someone a hand/to lend someone a hand I 76 to have a hand in something/to take a hand in something I 77 to show one’s hand/to reveal one’s hand I 78 above someone’s head/over someone’s head I 79 to tread someone’s toes/to step on someone’s toe I 80 to win the day /to carry the day S 81 to time/to serve time S 82 to keep up with the times/to move with the times S 83 as black as coal/as black as soot S 84 as drunk as a lord/as drunk as a newt S 85 as easy as ABC/ as easy as pie S 86 as happy as a king/as happy as a lark S 87 as mad as hatter/as mad as a March hare S 88 as sharp as a needle/as sharp as a razor S 89 as tough as leather/as tough as odd boots S 90 as weak as a baby/as weak as a kitten S 91 as white as a sheet/as white as a chalk S XIV 92 to run like a hare/to run like a deer S 93 to shake like a leaf/to tremble like a leaf I 94 to sing like a bird/to sing like a lark I 95 as true as I’m standing here/as true as I’m sitting here I 96 as quick as lightning/as quick as a flash S 97 to die a dog’s death/to die like a dog S 98 to have a great mind to/to have a good mind to I 99 to escape by the skin of one’s teeth/to escape with the skin of one’s teeth S 100 to welcome with open arms/to greet with open arms XV I APPENDIX 100 PAIRS OF VIETNAMESE IDIOMS HAVING THE SAME CONTENTS I: Idiom variants S: Synonymous idioms Pairs of Vietnamese idioms I/S chôn cắt rốn/chôn rau cắt rốn I bày binh bố trận/bài binh bố trận I buồn trấu cắn/buồn chấu cắn I ân sâu nghĩa nặng/ơn sâu nghĩa nặng I bắt mũi chưa sạch/vắt mũi chưa I năm châu bốn biển/năm châu bốn bể I chậm rùa/chậm sên S nhanh ăn cướp/nhanh cắt S đen cột nhà cháy/đen củ súng S 10 vắt cổ chày nước/rán sành mỡ S 11 nước đổ đầu vịt/nước đổ khoai S 12 chuột gặm chân mèo/vuốt râu hùm S 13 đắp tai gài chốc/mũ ni che tai S 14 dưỡng hổ di hoạ/nuôi ong tay áo S 15 nếm mật nằm gai/nằm gai nếm mật I 16 da mồi tóc bạc/tóc bạc da mồi I 17 góc bể chân trời/chân trời góc bể I 18 dãi nắng dầm mưa/dầm mưa dãi nắng I 19 cày sâu cuốc bẫm/cuốc bẫm cày sâu I 20 cá chậu chim lồng/chim lồng cá chậu I 21 hùm/dữ cọp I 22 cắn hạt cơm không vỡ/cắn hạt cơm không bể I 23 hội thuyền/đồng hội đồng thuyền I 24 binh hùng tướng mạnh/quân hùng tướng mạnh I 25 giả mù giả điếc/giả đui giả điếc I 26 vẽ đường cho hươu chạy/vạch đường cho hươu chay I 27 cơm dẻo canh ngọt/cơm ngon canh I 28 chúi mũi chúi tai/chúi đầu chúi tai S XVI 29 dãi gió dầm mưa/dãi gió dầm sương S 30 dạn dày sương gió/dạn dày gió sương I 31 ngồi bụt mọc/ngồi tượng S 32 rối canh hẹ/rối gà mắc tóc S 33 gầy mắm/gầy que củi S 34 dở trăng dở đèn/dở dở đèn I 35 dở trăng dở đèn/nửa nạc nửa mỡ S 36 dốt có chi/dốt bò S 37 kẻ tám lạng người nửa cân/một chin mười S 38 khóc mưa/nước mắt mưa S 39 nhát cáy/dát cáy I 40 biến hố thần thơng/thần thơng biến hố I 41 bia đá bảng vàng/bảng vàng bia đá I 42 bén tiếng quen hơi/quen bén tiếng I 43 chén thù chén tạc/chén tạc chén thù I 44 chia phượng rẽ loan/chia loan rẽ phượng I 45 chức trọng quyền cao/quyền cao chức trọng I 46 chạy ngược chạy xuôi/chạy xuôi chạy ngực I 47 chung gối chung chăn/chung chăn chung gối I 48 trời cuối đất/cuối đất trời I 49 chim trời cá bể/cá bể chim trời I 50 chuyển đất long trời/long trời chuyển đất I 51 cơm no áo ấm/áo ấm cơm no I 52 cửa Khổng sân Trình/sân Trình cửa Khổng I 53 bể bạc rừng vàng/rừng vàng bể bạc I 54 ăn thừa nói thiếu/ăn gian nói dối S 55 ăn đơm nói đặt/ăn khơng nói có S 56 đầu đũa/có đầu có S 57 gần đất xa trời/gần kề miệng lỗ S 58 nhắm mắt bước bước qua/nhắm mắt làm ngơ S 59 nói hành nói tỏi/nói tỏi nói hành I 60 nở mặt nở mày/nở mày nở mặt I 61 chịu khó chịu thương/chịu thương chịu khó I XVII 62 góp gió thành bão/tích tiểu thành đại S 63 tay hịm chìa khố/quyền thu quyền bổ S 64 sống mái/một S 65 quê cha đất tổ/quê hương quán S 67 quân hội vô phèng/quân hồi vô lệnh S 68 binh địa ba đào/đất sóng S 69 thệ hải minh sơn/chỉ non thề biển S 70 quốc sắc thiên hương/sắc nước hương trời S 71 uý tử tham sinh/tham sống sợ chết S 72 kinh thiên động địa/long trời lở đất S 73 bất cơng đại thiên/khơng đội trời chung S 74 mát lịng mát dạ/mắt lòng mát ruột I 75 miệng hùm gan thỏ/miệng cọp gan thỏ I 76 thèm nhỏ dãi/thèm chảy nước miếng S 77 trẻ không tha già không thương/trẻ chẳng tha già chẳng thương I 78 ăn nói thật/ăn nói thẳng I 79 mặt ủ mày chau/mặt ủ mày ê I 80 hét lửa/thét lửa I 81 đường đứt gánh/nửa đường đứt gánh I 82 dây máu ăn phần/vây máu ăn phần I 83 rắn đầu/như rắn không đầu I 84 lạy tế sao/van tế I 85 đất lành chim đậu/đất lành cị đậu S 86 mặt cắt khơng hột máu/mặt tái ga cắt tiết S 87 bạn nối khố/bạn chấy cắn đôi S 88 ruột nóng lửa/ruột nóng cào S 89 lúng túng cú vào xiếc/lúng túng cú vào rọ S 90 áo rách quần manh/khố rách áo ôm S 91 lật đật ma vật ông vải/lật đật quai xa vật vải S 92 xuôi chèo mát mái/thuận buồm xi gió S 93 hình với bong/như cá với nước S 94 lọt sàng xuống nia/xảy vai xuống cánh tay S 95 ghi xương khắc cốt/sống để bụng chết mang S XVIII 96 ruột để da/bụng để da I 97 trời đánh thánh vật/trời đánh thánh đâm S 98 cứu nhân độ thế/cứu dân độ I 99 chiêm khê mùa thối/chiêm khê mùa úng S 100 giật đầu cá vá đầu tôm/giật gấu vá vai XIX S ... TYPICAL ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE IDIOMS (Nghiên cứu thành tố cấu trúc ngữ ngh? ?a số thành ngữ cố định (đặc ngữ) điển hình tiếng Anh tiếng Việt) Major: English Linguistics Code: 62 22 15 01 A Thesis... 2: Structural Components of English and Vietnamese Idioms, and chapter 3: Semantic Components of English and Vietnamese Idioms The last part is conclusion which includes the recapitulation of. .. organized structurally and semantically in English and Vietnamese; - to establish the similarities and differences between English and Vietnamese idioms in terms of structural and semantic components;