Practice Test 1 Grades 10–11 (3 hours) Practice Test 1 Advanced English Course Online by blogchuyenanh 2014 | Page 1 PAR T ONE. MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS I . PHONOLOGY Ch oose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others. 1 A finale B plagiarise C simultaneous D invasion 2 A comb B debt C doubt D absorb 3 A chorus B cherish C chaos D character 4 A island B aisle C conserve D debris 5 A supposedly B allegedly C confusedly D wickedly Ch oose the word whose main stressed syllable is placed differently from that of the others. 6 A picturesque B infamous C expertise D understand 7 A photographer B engineer C symbiotic D politician 8 A coincide B ascertain C recommend D solidify 9 A perpendicular B rehabilitate C regurgitate D popularity 10 A continent B industry C official D atmosphere I I. LEXICO-GRAMMAR 11 His strange behaviour aroused the _____ of police. A doubt B suspicion C disbelief D notice 12 Media reports on the outcome of military intervention often _____ the true facts. A divert B detract C depose D distort 13 The day their first child was born, the new parents were _____ with joy. A overthrown B overpowered C overtaken D overcome 14 We may win, we may lose – it’s just the luck of the _____. A chance B draw C odds D fate 15 They’re having serious problems. Their relationship is on the _____. A cliffs B rocks C stones D grass 16 I sold my shares in the company one week before it went bankrupt. That was a _____ shave! A thin B luck C close D narrow 17 The renewed interest in Elizabethan times is evident in the _____ of new Hollywood films set during that period. A spate B hypocrisy C transience D demise 18 The car was _____ speed. A gathering B collecting C consuming D firing 19 Lack of rain early in the season means that the field _____ a poor crop. A surrendered B yielded C generated D suffered 20 I hope you won’t take _____ if I tell the truth. A annoyance B resentment C offence D irritation 21 _____ knowledge about genetic diseases has increased is welcome news. A That scientific B It was scientific C Though scientific D Science 22 I’ll be kind to her _____ she decide to leave me. A in case B whereas C so as not D lest 23 _____ often serve as places of public entertainment and festivals, they can also be places where people can find peace and solitude. A Even though city parks B City parks C City parks that D There are city parks which 24 “I’m totally broke. Have you got any money on you?” “_____ at all.” A Not B None C Nothing D No 25 Professor Lockwood recommended that Michael _____ in chemistry. A not major B not to major C wouldn’t major D isn’t majoring 26 _____, one tin will last for at least six weeks. A Used economical B Using economical C Used economically D Using economically 27 A new generation of performers, _____ those who by now had become a household name, honed their skills before following the same path onto television. A no less talented than B along with talented as C together with talented as D having been more talented than 28 We all wished to be treated _____. A as equal B as equally C as equals D as equal as 29 _____ the US superiority at that time, it was probable that any threatened US response would have deterred the Soviet Union. A If B Given C Although D Since 30 She _____ fainted when she heard that her son had died. A rather than B nothing but C all but D near I II. PHRASAL VERBS & PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES 31 Half of Martha’s class has _____ influenza. A got down to B come up with C come down with D gone down with 32 The new record will appeal to older listeners, but I don’t think it will catch _____ among younger pop fans. A up B in C for D on 33 Please remember to keep a copy for yourself as we cannot return copies, _____ of whether or not they are published. A in view B irrespective C because D on account 34 Her success went _____ her expectation. A beyond B over C beneath D above 35 Our holiday plans fell _____ due to lack of money. A for B by C over D through 36 Do you mind if I _____ with my work while you are getting tea ready? A get through B turn to C carry out D carry on 37 At first the children enjoyed the game but quite soon _____ the novelty. A wore off B went off C died out D died down 38 When Helen and Andrew saw how ridiculous they looked _____ laughing. A came round B broke in C burst out D flowed over 39 She is always _____ her friends behind their backs. She won’t have any friends left. A falling out B breaking off C putting off D running down Practice Test 1 Advanced English Course Online by blogchuyenanh 2014 | Page 2 40 Rosa certainly _____ her mother in her devil-may-care approach to life. A complies with B calms down C takes after D cares for I V. READING COMPREHENSION Re ad the following passages and choose the best option (A, B, C or D) to answer the question. FIRST PASSAGE Even with his diverse experience as an elected official at the state level, Andrew Johnson was the first president of the United States ever to be impeached, primarily because of his violent temper and unyielding stubbornness. His career started in 1828 with his collection to the city council of Greenville, Tennessee, and after two years as an alderman, he took office as mayor. His advancements followed in rapid succession when he was elected to the Tennessee state senate, then as the state governor, and later to the US House of Representatives for five consecutive terms. In 1864, Johnson ran for the office of vice-president on the Lincoln-Johnson ticket and was inaugurated in 1865. After Lincoln’s assassination six weeks into his term, Johnson found himself president at a time when southern leaders were concerned about their forced alliance with the northern states and feared retaliation for their support of the secession. Instead, however, with the diplomatic skill he had learned from Lincoln, Johnson offered full pardon to almost all Confederates on the condition that they take an oath of allegiance. He further reorganised the former Confederate states and set up legislative elections. Congressional opposition to his peace-making policies resulted in gridlock between the House and Johnson, and the stalemate grew into an open conflict on the issue of the emancipation of slaves. While Johnson held the view that newly freed slaves lacked understanding and knowledge of civil liberties to vote intelligently, Congress overrode Johnson’s veto of the Civil Rights Bill, which awarded them citizenship and ratified the Fourteenth Amendment. In the years that followed, Congress passed bills depriving the president of the power to pa rdon political criminals, stripping away his status of commander-in-chief, and taking away Johnson’s right to dismiss civil and executive officers from their duties. Johnson vetoed each bill, and each veto was overridden. When Johnson dismissed the secretary of war, Edwin Stanton, Stanton refused to step down and was supported by the House of Representatives, which voted to impeach Johnson. At the trial, the Senate came one vote short of the two-thirds majority necessary to remove him from office. After Johnson’s term expired, he returned to his home state, but in 1875 he was elected senator and went back to Washington to take his seat. 41 What does the passage mainly discuss? A Andrew Johnson’s personal characteristics B Andrew Johnson’s career as a politician C Congressional decisions in the late 1800s D Congressional decisions and procedures in the late 1800s 42 The phrase “took office” is closest in meaning to _____. A moved into an office B became an official C began a government job D rearranged the office 43 What can be inferred from the first paragraph about Andrew Johnson’s work in Tennessee? A His personality precluded him from important positions. B His work became known to the governor. C He was elected to several important posts. D He was represented to the posts five times. 44 According to the passage, what led to Johnson’s downfall? A The state of the nation’s economy B His liberal position on slavery C His personal characteristics D His waffling and hesitation 45 The author of the passage implies that when Johnson became president he _____. A was a dedicated supporter of civil rights B was a soft-spoken and careful diplomat C had an extensive background in politics D had already experienced political turmoil 46 According to the passage, at the beginning of Johnson’s term as president southerners were _____. A expected to secede from the union B apprehensive about their future C singled out as scapegoats D afraid of his violent temper 47 According to the passage, Congress’s disapproval of Andrew Johnson’s policies was _____. A short-lived and groundless B detrimental to his presidency C directed at his civic duties D stopped as soon as it emerged 48 The word “pardon” is closest in meaning to _____. A parade B patronise C exonerate D extricate 49 The author of the passage implies that the Stanton affair proved the president’s _____. A lack of stamina B lack of electoral vote C loss of willpower D loss of authority 50 According to the passage, the attempt to impeach Andrew Johnson _____. A succeeded as expected by the House B failed by a minimal margin C put an end to his political career D overwhelmed his supporters in Tennessee SECOND PASSAGE Very few people, groups, or governments oppose globalisation in its entirety. Instead, critics of globalisation believe aspects of the way globalisation operates should be changed. The debate over globalisation is about what the best rules are for governing the global economy so that its advantages can grow while its problems can be solved. Practice Test 1 Advanced English Course Online by blogchuyenanh 2014 | Page 3 On one side of this debate are those who stress the benefits of removing barriers to international trade and investment, allowing capital to be allocated more efficiently and giving consumers greater freedom of choice. With free-market globalisation, investment funds can move unimpeded from the rich countries to the developing countries. Consumers can benefit from cheaper products because reduced taxes make goods produced at low cost from faraway places cheaper to buy. Producers of goods gain by selling to a wider market. More competition keens sellers on their toes and allows ideas and new technology to spread and benefit others. On the other side of the debate are critics who see neo- liberal policies as producing greater poverty, inequality, social conflict, cultural destruction, and environmental damage. They say that the most developed nations – the United States, Germany, and Japan – succeeded not because of free trade but because of protectionism and subsidies. They argue that the more recently successful economies of South Korea, Taiwan, and China all had strong state-led development strategies that did not follow neo-liberalism. These critics think that government encouragement of “infant industries” – that is, industries that are just beginning to develop – enables a country to become internationally competitive. Furthermore, those who criticise the Washington Consensus suggest that the inflow and outflow of money from speculative investors must be limited to prevent bubbles. These bubbles are characterised by the rapid inflow of foreign funds that bid up domestic stock markets and property values. When the economy cannot sustain such expectations, the bubbles burst as investors panic and pull their money out of the country. Protests by what is called the anti-globalisation movement are seldom directed against globalisation itself but rather against abuses that harm the rights of workers and the environment. The question raised by nongovernmental organisations and protesters at WTO and IMF gatherings is whether globalisation will result in a rise of living standards or a race to the bottom as competition takes the form of lowering living standards and un dermining environmental regulations. One of the key problems of the 21 st century will be determining to what extent markets should be regulated to promote fair competition, honest dealing, and fair distribution of public goods on a global scale. 51 It is stated in the passage that _____. A critics of globalisation say that the successful economies are all in Asia B the protests of globalisation are directed against globalisation itself C supporters of globalisation stress the benefits of removing trade barriers D the United States, Germany, and Japan succeeded in helping infant 52 Supporters of free-market globalisation point out that ___. A investment will be allocated only to rich countries B taxes that are paid on goods will be increased C there will be less competition among producers D consumers can benefit from cheaper products 53 The word “allocated” in the passage mostly means _____. A distributed B solved C removed D offered 54 The phrase “keens sellers on their toes” in the passage mostly means _____. A prevents sellers from selling new products B forces sellers to go bare-footed C makes sellers responsive to any changes D allows sellers to stand on their own feet 55 According to critics of globalisation, several developed countries have become rich because of _____. A their help to developing countries B their neo-liberal policies C their protectionism and subsidies D their prevention of bubbles 56 The word “undermining” in the passage mostly means ___. A obeying B making less effective C observing D making more effective 57 Infant industries mentioned in the passage are _____. A young companies B development strategies C young industries D successful economies 58 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? A Critics believe the way globalisation operates should be changed. B The anti-globalisation movement was set up to end globalisation. C Hardly anyone disapproves of globalisation in its entirety. D Some Asian countries had strong state-led economic strategies. 59 The debate over globalisation is about how _____. A to spread ideas and strategies for globalisation B to govern the global economy for the benefit of the community C to use neo-liberal policies for the benefit of the rich countries D to terminate globalisation in its entirety 60 The author seems to be _____ globalisation that helps promote economy and raise living standards globally. A supportive of B pessimistic about C indifferent to D opposed to V. GUIDED CLOZE TEST Re ad the following passages and choose the option (A, B, C or D) that best completes the blanks. FIRST PASSAGE In 1830, there were under 100 miles of public railway in Britain. Yet within 20 years, this figure had grown to more than 5000 miles. By the end of the century, almost enough rail track to (6 1) _____ the world covered this small island, (62) _____ the nature of travel for ever and contributing to the industrial revolution that changed the (63) _____ of history in many parts of the world. Practice Test 1 Advanced English Course Online by blogchuyenanh 2014 | Page 4 Wherever railways were introduced, economic and social progress quickly (6 4) _____. In a single day, rail passengers could travel hundreds of miles, (65) _____ previous journey times by huge margins and bringing rapid travel within the (6 6) _____ of ordinary people. Previously, many people had never ventured beyond the outskirts of their town and villages. The railway brought them greater freedom and enlightenment. In the 19 th century, the railway in Britain (6 7) _____ something more than just the business of carrying goods and passengers. Trains were associated with romance, adventure and, frequently, (6 8) _____ luxury. But the railways did more than revolutionise travel; they also (6 9) _____ a distinctive and permanent mark on the British landscape. Whole towns and industrial centres (7 0) _____ up around major rail junctions, monumental bridges and viaducts crossed rivers and valleys and the railway stations themselves became desirable places to spend time between journeys. 61 A revolve B enclose C encircle D orbit 62 A altering B amending C adapting D adjusting 63 A route B way C line D course 64 A pursued B followed C succeeded D chased 65 A cancelling B subtracting C cutting D abolishing 66 A reach B capacity C facility D hold 67 A served B functioned C represented D performed 68 A considerable B generous C plentiful D sizeable 69 A laid B set C settled D left 70 A jumped B stood C burst D sprang SECOND PASSAGE Greenhouse gases arise from a wide range of sources and their increasing concentration is largely related to the compound effects of increased population, improved living standards and changes in lifestyle. From a current base of 5 billion, the United Nations predicts that the global population may stabilise in the twenty-first century between 8 and 14 billion, with more than 90 per cent of the (71) _____ increase taking place in the world’s developing nations. The (7 2) _____ activities to support that growth, particularly to produce the required energy and food, will cause further increases in greenhouse gas emissions. The challenge, therefore, is to attain a (7 3) _____ balance between population, economic growth and the environment. The major greenhouse gas emissions from human activities are carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane and nitrous oxide. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are the only major (7 4) _____ to the greenhouse effect that does not occur naturally, coming from such sources as refrigeration, plastics and manufacture. Coal’s total contribution to greenhouse gas emissions is thought to be about 18 per cent, with about half of this coming from (7 5) _____ generation. The worldwide coal industry allocates extensive resources to researching and developing new technologies and ways of capturing greenhouse gases. (76) _____________ are likely to be improved dramatically, and hence CO 2 emissions reduced, through combustion and gasification techniques which are now at (77) _____ and demonstration stages. Clean coal is another avenue for improving fuel conversion efficiency. Investigations are under (7 8) _____ into super-clean coal (35 per cent ash) and ultraclean coal (less than 1 per cent ash). Super-clean coal has the potential to enhance the combustion efficiency of conventional stabilised fuel power plants. Ultraclean coal will enable coal to be used in (7 9) _____ power systems such as coal-fired gas turbines which, when (8 0) _____ in combined cycle, have the potential to achieve much greater efficiencies. 71 A intended B projected C wanted D calculated 72 A remarkable B major C associated D mutual 73 A reachable B sustainable C eligible D visual 74 A substance B contributor C chemical D emission 75 A electronic B electric C electrical D electricity 76 A Influences B Results C Efficiencies D Consequences 77 A pilot B launch C experiment D beginning 78 A experiment B development C way D progress 79 A electrified B developed C advanced D controlled 80 A involved B operated C managed D made PART TWO. WRITTEN QUESTIONS I . OPEN CLOZE TEST Fi ll in each blank in the following passages with one suitable word to make meaningful ones. FIRST PASSAGE Advances such as sewers and antibiotics have helped the developed world win the battle (1 ) __________ many of the most deadly diseases, but it’s a victory that appears to (2 ) __________ had an unintended consequence – it’s (3) __________ some of us depressed. The simpler lives of our predecessors meant they were exposed to (4 ) __________ more bacteria and viruses than we are. And while some of these bugs caused disease, some were benign, simply passing through the body. There’s increasing evidence that these so-called ‘old friends’ trained our immune system. Today, without (5 ) __________ training, our bodies overreact to factors like dust and even stress, producing an immune response known as inflammation and (6 ) __________ in condition like asthma and eczema. Scientists at Emory University in Atlanta. Georgia, are investigating the (7 ) __________ of this inflammation on the brain. Charles Raison, an assistant professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, and (8) __________ colleagues studied a group of patients taking interferon alpha to treat hepatitis C – a drug known to cause inflammation. “We found an increase in the chemicals (9) __________ as impair dopamine action,” says Raison. Practice Test 1 Advanced English Course Online by blogchuyenanh 2014 | Page 5 Dopamine is a neurotransmitter and is linked with feelings of enjoyment. Among other changes, inflammation also indirectly cuts the production of serotonin, (10) __________ ‘happy’ neurotransmitter. The researchers believe immune systems in the developed world are no (1 1) __________ being trained by old friends, leading to excess inflammation and mental illness. The suggestion is backed by statistics. A 2004 World Health Organisation study (1 2) __________ nearly 10 per cent of the US population suffers some kind of depression. In less- developed Nigeria, the (1 3) __________ is lower than one per cent. Raison and his team are investigating whether a drug called infliximab, an anti-inflammatory (1 4) __________ to treat conditions like arthritis, can also treat depression. But the neuroscientist says a bigger (1 5) __________ would be to see whether some kind of re-introduction to old friends could fight depression – perhaps in the form of an allergy shot through a pill or an injection. SECOND PASSAGE Since the world became industrialised, the number of animal species that have (1 6) __________ became extinct or have (17) __________ extinction has increased. Bengal tigers, for instance, which once roamed the jungles in vast numbers, now number only about 2,300. By the year 2025, it is estimated that they will become extinct. (1 8) __________ is alarming about the case of the Bengal tiger is that this extinction will have been caused almost entirely by poachers (1 9) __________, according to some sources, are not always interested in material (2 0) __________ but in personal gratification. This is an example of the insensitivity that is (2 1) __________ to the problem of extinction. Animals such as the Bengal tiger, as (2 2) __________ as other endangered species, are valuable parts of the world’s ecosystem. International laws protecting these animals must be (2 3) __________ to ensure their survival – and the survival of our planet. Countries around the world have begun to deal with the problem in various (2 4) __________. Some countries, in an (25) __________ to circumvent the problem, have set (26) __________ large amounts of land to animal reserves. They then (2 7) __________ admission prices to help defray the costs of maintaining the parks, and they often must also depend on world organisations (2 8) __________ support. This money enables them to invest in equipment and patrols to protect the animals. (2 9) __________ response to the increase in animal extinction is an international boycott of products made from endangered species. This has had some effect, but by (3 0) __________ it will not prevent animals from being hunted and killed. I I. WORD FORMATION A. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the word given in parentheses. 1 She offered cordial __________ to the family over his so unexpected premature death. (MISER Y) 2 To control your first time __________ anxiety, just breathe deeply and take it easy. (PRESENT ) 3 He must have __________ my original intention of moving him to Alaska. (STR UCTURE) 4 The furious old lady demanded an immediate apology for his __________ behaviour. (PUT ) 5 After many times of failing to find sufficient evidence to accuse the organization of fraudulence, we decided to send a special __________ agent to it. (COVER ) 6 It’s a common believe that __________ chickens taste better than those raised in factory farms. (RA NGE) 7 It was the __________ proof founded by the police that he couldn’t do anything but to confess. (CONTR OVERT) 8 Even excellent students may find themselves a little __________ with unreasonably difficult tests at first but I’m quite sure they will all do well. (NERVE ) 9 It’s one of the most meaningful __________ programs I’ve ever worked for. (FUND ) 10 We spent a lovely evening reminiscing our vibrant __________ days at university. (GO ) B. Complete the following passage with the word taken from t he box. You have to change the form of the word. ACCESS ADAPT COMMUNE DEFINE GRATEFUL HUMBLE LOCATE PEACE PECULIAR SIGNIFY Of the myriad of Japanese ceremonies introduced to the West, the Japanese tea ceremony would have to be the least (1 1) __________. Like many other aspects of Japanese culture, the practice of drinking tea was brought down from China well over a thousand years ago. In Japan, green tea developed its own character, and the Japanese tea ceremony has evolved into a (12) __________ Japanese phenomenon. The modern tea ceremony can be traced back to the 17 th century when it developed alongside another singular Japanese (1 3) __________ of Chinese culture: the philosophy of Zen. The tea ceremony eventually became established as a recognised form of high art, where it was practised in diverse (1 4) __________, from a Zen temple to an ordinary home. Even today, the simplest and most secular tea ceremony still embraces the Zen aesthetics of simplicity, austerity and devotion. During the ceremony strictly prescribed words of invitation and (1 5) __________ are murmured quietly; tea maker and guests play their roles with (1 6) __________ and respect. A brief moment of profound tranquillity has been (1 7) __________ created and shared. It is simultaneously and aesthetic, social and spiritual moment. (1 8) __________ it is a Japanese moment, fleeting and poignant with its own (1 9) __________ where the noise and confusion of the everyday world is temporarily suspended as a vague, (2 0) __________ sense of the eternal pervades. I II. ERROR CORRECTION Identify 10 errors in the passage and correct them. Practice Test 1 Advanced English Course Online by blogchuyenanh 2014 | Page 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Skiing is one of the most popular sports in the world. According to recent estimation, about one hundred millions of people ski regularly or occasionally. Sliding across the snow on skis is also one of the most ancient methods of transport known to the man. It has demonstrated that men were already traveling across the snow by means of primitive skis before the invention of the wheel. In the Asiatic region of Altai and in Scandinavia, for example, the remains of skis have been found which dated back to 4,000 BC. Further evidence is supplied by ancient cave paintings which depict people skiing, and a Norway saga which tells the story of an invasion of its territory 8,000 years ago by a tribe of skiers who came from the north. Nowadays, skiing, apart from a sport, has become a big industry and a notable feature of leisure culture. Ski resorts and all the activity that they generate is the main source of wealth in many mountain regions, which were previously remote and accessible. And far from its once elitist image, skiing is now enjoyed by an increasingly broader spectra of society. I V. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION Re write the sentences with the given words or beginning in such a way that their meanings remain unchanged. 1 It’s possible that we may have to introduce pay cuts. (RU LED) We have pay cuts. 2 The man has finally successful in solving the problem. (GO) The man finally 3 Mr. Brown has been a gardener for years so let’s consult his opinion first. (BRAINS ) Let’s of experience as a gardener. 4 He worked very hard but he was unable to earn enough for his living. (ENDS ) Hard-working 5 I was bitterly disappointed they didn’t give me a part in the school play. (PASSED ) Very much 6 Julie always listens to my complaints about work, which is very kind of her. (EAR ) Julie is so 7 All that stood between John and the gold medal was Jim’s greater speed. But for 8 It’s highly likely I’ll be late if the situation doesn’t change. (EVER Y) Should I’ll be late. 9 The car was redesigned and, as a result, sales rose rapidly. (RESUL TED) Rapid rise of the car. 10 We should leave about six; otherwise we might not get there in time for the meeting. (SET) If punctually. THE END OF THE TEST blogchuyenanh for personal use only no commercial use all free downloads Answer Key – Practice Test 1 Advanced English Course Online by blogchuyenanh 2014 A nswer Key PAR T ONE 1 A 2 D 3 B 4 C 5 C 6 B 7 A 8 D 9 C 10 C 11 B 12 D 13 A 14 B 15 B 16 C 17 A 18 A 19 B 20 C 21 A 22 D 23 A 2 4 B 25 A 26 C 27 A 28 C 29 B 30 C 31 D 32 D 33 B 34 A 35 D 36 D 37 A 38 C 39 D 40 C 41 B 42 C 43 C 44 C 45 C 46 B 47 B 48 C 49 D 50 B 51 C 52 D 53 A 54 C 55 C 56 B 57 C 58 B 59 B 60 A 61 C 62 A 6 3 D 64 B 65 C 66 A 67 C 68 A 69 D 70 D 71 B 72 C 73 B 74 B 75 D 76 C 77 A 78 C 79 C 80 B PAR T TWO I . 1 against 2 have 3 made 4 many 5 such 6 resulting 7 effect 8 his/her 9 known 10 another 11 longer 12 showed 13 rate 14 used 15 goal 16 either 17 neared 18 What 19 who 20 gain 21 contributing 22 well 23 enacted / passed 24 ways 25 attempt / effort 26 aside 27 charge 28 for 29 In 30 itself I I. 1 commiseration 2 pre-presentation 3 misconstrued 4 off-putting 5 undercover 6 free-range 7 incontrovertible 8 unnerved 9 fund-raising 10 bygone 11 accessible 12 peculiarly 13 adaptation 14 locations 15 gratitude 16 humility 17 communally 18 significantly 19 peacefulness 20 indefinable III. Line Mistake Correction 1 2 estimation estimates 2 3 millions of million 3 5 the man man 4 5 has has been 5 9 dated date 6 11 Norway Norwegian 7 15 a sport being a sport 8 17 is are 9 19 accessible inaccessible 10 20 spectra spectrum IV. 1 We have not ruled out the possibility of introducing pay cuts. 2 The man finally managed to make a go of solving the problem. 3 Let’s pick up Mr. Brown’s brains because of his wealth of experience as a gardener. 4 Hard-working as he was, he was unable to make ends meet. 5 Very much to my disappointment, I was passed over for a part in the school play. 6 Julie is so kind as to always lend an ear to my complaints about work. 7 But for Jim’s greater speed, John would have won the gold medal. 8 Should the situation not change, there is every likelihood (that) I’ll be late. 9 Rapid rise in sales resulted from the successful redesigning of the car. 10 If we don’t set out/off about six, we might not get there for the meeting punctually.