ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KHOA HỌC TỰ NHIÊN o0o NGUYỄN VĂN THÁI STUDY ON COMPACT DEVICE FOR WASTE PROCESSING BASED ON MECHANICAL BIOLOBICAL TREATMENT IN DONG VAN TOWN, DUY TIEN DISTRICT, HA NAM PROVINCE, VIETNAM CHUYÊN NGÀNH: QUẢN LÝ CHẤT THẢI VÀ XỬ LÝ VÙNG Ơ NHIỄM (CHƯƠNG TRÌNH ĐÀO TẠO QUỐC TẾ) LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ CƠNG NGHỆ HĨA HỌC NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC: PGS TS NGUYỄN THỊ DIỄM TRANG HÀ NỘI- NĂM 2007 HANOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE DRESDEN UNVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY NGUYEN VAN THAI STUDY ON COMPACT DEVICE FOR WASTE PROCESSING BASED ON MECHANICAL BIOLOBICAL TREATMENT IN DONG VAN TOWN, DUY TIEN DISTRICT, HA NAM PROVINCE, VIETNAM MASTER THESIS Field: waste management and contaminated site treatment Supervisor: Assc Prof Dr Nguyen Thi Diem Trang HANOI, DECEMBER 2007 INTRODUCTION The rapid economic development has resulted in the difficult task of identifying way to manage the increasing waste generation, especially solid waste problem Solid waste is generated from production and life activities in all sectors such as households, industry, hospitals, commerce, and agriculture Vietnam, a developing country, is certainly facing with a big problem of rapid waste generation Therefore, finding out effective solutions of waste management and treatment has become an important issue in Vietnam Actually, the Vietnamese government has tried to carry out preliminary steps in order to control waste generation in recent years However, most of these steps just focus on available technologies in large-scale applications in industrial cities Whereas waste treatment technologies in small-scale applications has not been paid much attention The main reasons are due to high cost and skillful requirements of operation and management Moreover, there has not any effective waste management model for small capacity in townships where the population is not so big and amount of waste is 20 – 40 tons/day [Dong Van URENCO, 2006] If waste management does not implement well in these areas, risks from pollution will, as a result, be highly serious Therefore, finding out the best solutions to protect environment is a very necessary and urgent matter in townships Taking that serious problem into account, one of model companies named Hydraulic and Machine Company Ltd has completely manufactured an effective system, which was named Compact Device, for municipal solid waste treatment (so-called CD-Waste System) This system was designed based on mechanical biological treatment system which has been applied since long time before It has considered to be suitable in small-scale applications in townships Besides, another company named Dong Van Urban Environment Company Ltd has also been established in Dong Van town, Hanam province in order to respond to national policies of socialization in environmental protection The two companies have closely cooperated to implement a project named “Waste Collection and Treatment System Using CD-Waste Technology with Capacity 20-30 tons per day” in Dong Van town, Duy Tien district, Hanam Province Based on this project, I had carried out this study named “Study on Compact Device for Waste Processing based on Mechanical Biological Treatment in Dong Van town, Duy Tien district, Hanam province, Vietnam” This study aims at:  Completion of clearness about theoretical and practical issues from CD- Waste Technology applications  Assessment of CD-Waste Technology applicability in Dong Van town, Duy Tien District, Hanam Province  Cost planning and pre-calculation of waste treatment Plant in Dong Van Town, Duytien District, Hanam Province Chapter 1: OVERVIEW 1.1 Waste 1.1.1 Definitions and concepts The term waste is defined in the Vietnamese law on environmental protection of November 29 th, 2005 According to this definition “Waste means materials that take solid, liquid, gaseous, or other forms, are discharged from production, service, daily life or other activities [Environment law, 2005] Municipal solid waste (MSW) includes the solids discarded by the end of consumers, i.e private households, small business and public areas and typically collected by public authorities for disposal Normally, separated collected waste for recycling such as paper, metals, aluminum, glass etc is included in the MSW quantities given MSW refers specifically to that part of MSW which is sent to landfill, incineration, or other final treatment [Christian Ludwig et al., 1999] Waste management refers to all activities engaged with waste segregation, collection, transport, reduction, reuse, recycling, treatment and disposal [Environment law, 2005] 1.1.2 Waste generation in Vietnam Solid waste generation in Vietnam is approximately 15 million tons per year Among them, municipal waste generation is about 12.8 million tons (making up 80%), and industrial and agricultural waste generation normally contribute the rest 2.2 million tons per year (making up 20%) as shown in figure [VEM, 2004 ] 1.60% 17% municipal waste 1.40% hazardous healthcare waste industrial waste others 80% Figure 1: Different waste generated (by percent) in Vietnam, 2003 In Vietnam, big and industrial cities are major waste generation sources According to national statistical report in 2004, big cities and urban areas keep only 24 percent of the total nationwide population; however, they produce over million tons of municipal waste (making up 50% of nationwide municipal waste amount) This is due to an affluent lifestyle, larger quantities of trade and commercial activities, and more intense industrialization and urbanization Along with, these activities also increase high proportion of hazardous waste (such as batteries and chemical solvents) and non-degradable waste (such as plastic, metal, and glass) normally found in municipal solid waste In contrast, people living in rural areas make up 76% of the total nationwide population but produce just less than half of waste generation rate of those in urban areas As shown in waste generation rate is approximately 0.3 kg/cap/day in rural areas compared to 0.4 kg/cap/day in urban areas Table 1: Municipal solid waste generation at the glance [VEM, 2004] Municipal solid waste generation (tons/y) • National • Urban areas • Rural areas 12,800,000 6,400,000 6,400,000 Municipal waste generation (kg/per/day) • National 0.7 • Urban areas 0.4 • Rural areas Collection of waste (% of waste generated) 0.3 • Urban areas • Rural areas 71%