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5. Các đại từ bất định (Indefinite pronouns) khá rắc rối. Những đại từ như: either, neither, each, every, one, các đại từ có one, body hoặc thing (anyone, no one, someone, anybody, nobody, somebody, anything, everything...) đòi hỏi động từ ở hình thức số ít. One of my closest f riends in the class comes from Singapore. Trong lớp, một trong những người bạn thân nhất của tôi đến từ Singapore. Each of us studies hard. Mỗi một chúng tôi đều học hành chăm chỉ. Cả khi những đại từ này kết hợp với nhau cũng dùng động từ số ít. Anybody and everybody is welcome. Mọi người đều được chào đón. Lưu ý: Khi each theo sau chủ ngữ, thì each không còn ảnh hưởng gì đến động từ nữa. Chẳng hạn, nếu
Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG - KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP Prefixes Prefixes are added to the beginning of an existing word in order to create a new word with a different meaning. For example: word prefix new word happy un- unhappy cultural multi- multicultural work over- overwork space cyber- cyberspace market super- supermarket Suffixes Suffixes are added to the end of an existing word. For example: word suffix new word child -ish childish work -er worker taste -less tasteless idol -ize/-ise idolize/idolise like -able likeable Các tiền tố thường gặp: Tiền tố Ý nghĩa Ví dụ Anti- Chống lại Anti-war, antisocial Auto- Tự động Auto-pilot, autography Bi- Hai, hai lần Bicycle, bilingual Ex- Trước đây Ex-wife, ex- smoker Micro- Nhỏ bé Microwave, microscopic Mis- Tồi tệ, sai Misunderstand, misinform Mono- Một, đơn lẻ Monotone, monologue Multi- Nhiều Multi-national, multi- purpose Over- Nhiều, quá mức Overdo, overtired, overeat Post- Sau Postwar, postgraduate Pre- Trước Pre-war, pre-judge QUY TẮC CẤU TẠO TÍNH TỪ Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG - KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP Pro- Tán thành, ủng hộ Pro-government, pro- revolutionary Pseudo- Già Pseudo- scientific Re- Lần nữa, trở lại Retype, reread, rewind Semi- Phân nửa Semi-final, semicircular Sub- Bên dưới Subway, subdivision Under- Thiếu, không đủ Underworked, undercooked Tiền tố phủ định Ví dụ Im- (đứng trước tính từ bắt đầu m hoặc p) Immature, impatient Ir- (đứng trước tính từ bắt đầu r) Irreplaceable. irregular Il- (đứng trước tính từ bắt đầu l) Illegal, illegible, illiterate In- Inconvenient, inedible Dis- Disloyal, dissimilar Un- Uncomfortable, unsuccessful Bài tập chữa trong video: Ex1: A. Form the adjective and its antonym by adding appropriate prefixes attention attract comfort competence formality health offend predict reason rely B Now use the negative adjectives to fill the blanks. 1 My watch is very ____________, so I'm not sure of the correct time. 2 if that chair is______________, try this one over here. 3 The atmosphere was very _______________ and everyone was on first-name terms. 4 He was so ______________ that he sent everybody the wrong information. 5 Was it _________________ of me to expect them to do so much homework? 6 That terrible make-up makes her look most __________________ 7 He was a very ____________________ pupil and seemed to spend most of the time looking out of the window. Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG - KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP 8 He keeps saying that eating all this fast food is _______________ , especially if you don't get much exercise. 9 He's very _______________ . You never know what he's going to do next. 10 I thought It was an __________________ remark but apparently she was deeply insulted. Ex2: A Put one of the prefixes dis-, mis-, en- or un- in front of each of the words in the list below to form verbs. agree load appear lock approve judge behave obey danger sure inform understand large wrap B Now use the verbs you have formed to complete the sentences. Use each verb once only in its correct form. 1 I'm afraid you've been ___________. We never give discounts. 2 By _______________ the photo, we were able to read the words on the note. 3 The porter ____________the door and let me in. 4 If those children _____________ once more, they'll go straight to bed! 5 Unfortunately, my father ___________ of my new girlfriend. 6 The money can't just have ____________ ! Somebody has stolen it! 7 After they've ___________ the furniture from the lorry, I'll make them a nice cup of tea. 8 I spoke very slowly and clearly so that nobody would ______________ what I was saying. 9 The soldier was put in prison for a week for ______________ orders. 10 We all gathered round to watch as she _______________ the parcel. 11 I _____________ the width of the stream and fell into the water. 12 You must always ________________ that the car's brakes are on properly before you start working on the engine. 13 We must not use chemicals that will ________________ the environment and maybe ruin it for future generations. 14 Mandy and I completely ______________ about where to go on holiday. She wants to go somewhere warm by the sea - and I want to go skiing! . phủ định Ví dụ Im- (đứng trước tính từ bắt đầu m hoặc p) Immature, impatient Ir- (đứng trước tính từ bắt đầu r) Irreplaceable. irregular Il- (đứng trước tính từ bắt đầu l) Illegal, illegible,. overeat Post- Sau Postwar, postgraduate Pre- Trước Pre-war, pre-judge QUY TẮC CẤU TẠO TÍNH TỪ Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG - KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP Pro- Tán thành, ủng hộ Pro-government, pro- revolutionary. Inconvenient, inedible Dis- Disloyal, dissimilar Un- Uncomfortable, unsuccessful Bài tập chữa trong video: Ex1: A. Form the adjective and its antonym by adding appropriate prefixes attention