1 INTRODUCTION Overview of the research "Foster learning method for trainees at military university in accordance with Ho Chi Minh’s thought “take self-studying as essence” is a thesis topic that the fellow has been interested in researching since his training as teacher of Education at Academy of Politics Theoretical framework of the research issue is based on the clarification of values and soundness of arguments about learning that President Ho Chi Minh pointed out According to him, in the learning process, in order to achieve high performance, the learners must improve his learning methods, particularly pay attention to the role of self-studying, take self-studying as main activity in their cognitive process This argument was demonstrated by Ho Chi Minh through the practice of his patient and persistant self-studying with high will and determination Learning with its essence as self-studying will help the learners to be active, positive, creative and achieve high effectiveness in their learning process Trainees at military university should have learning method in accordance with Ho Chi Minh’s thought “take self-studying as essence” to apply to their learning and working process later The findings of the thesis are presented in 155 pages and 122 references has been used (112 Vietnamese documents, 10 English documents) Structure of the thesis includes: Introduction, overview of the research issue, chapters (8 periods), conclusion, recommendations, list of the author’s scientific works, reference list and appendix Reasons for choosing the thesis topic President Ho Chi Minh is a shining example of self-learning Through self-learning and by selflearning, he has equipped himself with the knowledge, methodology and methods of revolutionary activities In Ho Chi Minh’s opinion, to perceive, acquire extensive knowledge of mankind, learners have to learn how to recognize, perceive and acquire consistent with the cognition and ability of each person Thus, in his works "Amendment of working style" written in 1947, he pointed out: "Learning method: Must take selfstudying as essence Discussion and direction support supplementarily" [Ho Chi Minh Complete Works, Vol 6, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 2002 p.273] To grasp and manipulate Ho Chi Minh ideology in innovation and improving the quality of teaching and learning, our Party has always respected fostering active, positive and creative learning methods Documents of the Eleventh Party Congress pointed out, "Innovate program, content, methods of teaching and learning" [Document of the Eleventh Party Congress’s Resolution, p.216] Education Act of 2005, amended and supplemented in 2009 identified : "Educational methods to promote the positiveness, selfdiscipline, initiative, creative thinking of learners; foster learners with capacity of self-studying, practicing ability, passion for learning and the will to strive" [Education Law, p.34] Modern teaching theory indicated that the nature of teaching process at university is the cognitive process with researching nature of learners under the direction of teachers Self-studying has an important role in the process of acquiring knowledge and improving thinking ability, cognitive skills Through self-study, learners accumulate learning methods in their own way, forming their ways to self acquire knowledge Thus, to meet the requirements of dominating the large amount of information at present, learners not only study in the classroom or themselves look for information on the means of modern technology, but they have to actively improve capacity for selfstudying, even when listening to lectures in the active learning method, considering their learning activities as main activity in dominating knowledge, training skill, techniques Learning at university is learning method So, in teaching at university, it’s neccessary to focus on fostering the learning method for learners Located in the university system of the country, along with the trend of educational reform, the academies and schools of higher learning in the People's Army of Vietnam (hereinafter referred to as the military university) has been active in innovation, improving the quality of teaching and learning The school has implemented innovation in content, programs and methods of teaching, associated learning with scientific research and training professional skills for students to well perform the training target in the orientation of combining training in qualification with training in positions, to meet the requirement in training officer staff for the army However, the learning method of learners at military universities has not been innovated compared with learning method at high school level Most learners at military universities not have access to learning method military at university level, they gain knowledge mainly through retention and acquiring so the performance is low Students have not promoted the activeness through selfstudy to grasp knowledge and learning content The fostering of training methods has not been interested in and generalized into system consistently, and still individualized in each academy, school and individual student To overcome the above limitations, it’s neccessary to foster students in military university with proper learning method That learning method must promote the activeness, self-conscious, independence, creativity, endogenous development; helping to cheer and encourage learners The fostering of learning method in accordance with Ho Chi Minh’s thought “take self-studying as essence” for students at military university can meet those requirements Starting from the above rationale, we selected issue "Foster learning method for trainees at military university in accordance with Ho Chi Minh’s thought “take self-studying as essence” as research topic of the thesis Research purpose of the thesis topic Foster learning method for trainees at military university in accordance with Ho Chi Minh’s thought “take self-studying as essence” to help trainees at military university have active, positive learning method of high performance ; contribute to the direction and enhance the quality of education and training of military universities; build military officer staff to meet the requirements of building the Arrmy in the new period Research object, subject and scope * Research object: Teaching process at military universities * Research subject: Activity of fostering learning method for trainees at military university in accordance with Ho Chi Minh’s thought “take self-studying as essence” * Research scope - Scope of content: The thesis limits its research scope as learning activities, in which it goes deep in researching learning methods of undergraduate students at section level today; research the nature and value of Ho Chi Minh's thought “take self-studying as essence” to foster learning methods for students in military university in accordance with Ho Chi Minh's thought “take self-studying as essence” - Scope of survey: The thesis focuses on surveys, seminars, and discussion with students at military academies and schools for training officers at section level in universities, typically academies and schools training every type of officers: Infantry officers no.1, Infantry officers no.2, Political officers, Logistics Academy, Military medical Academy Pedagogical experiment at schools: Infantry officers no.1 and Political officers - Scope of the time: Survey and summary data in the thesis from 2007 to present Scientific and practical meanings of the topic * New contributions of the thesis - Contribute to clarify the nature and practical value of President Ho Chi Minh’s viewpoint “take self-studying as essence” in the process of fostering learning methods for students in military university today - Clarify theoretical and practical issues in fostering learning methods for students at military university in accordance with Ho Chi Minh’s thought “take self-studying as essence” - Propose measures to foster learning methods for students at military university in accordance with Ho Chi Minh’s thought “take self-studying as essence” * Theoretical and practical meanings of the thesis - Theoretically: The thesis argues the scientific basis for fostering the learning method “take self-studying as essence” of students at military university, contributes to improve the quality of teaching process in the military Especially, build the process of fostering the learning method “take self-studying as essence” for students at military university today; at the same time, contribute to more complete theories on self-study and learning methods in teaching environment at military university - Practically: The thesis may serve as references in researching, teaching and learning at military academies and schools today, especially in fostering learning methods, self-learning & self-researching ability to promote the activeness and creativity of learners in the learning process at schools OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH ISSUE The research situation related to the topic 1.1 The thoughts and typical researches on learning method and fostering learning method by foreign authors Typically for the thoughts on learning method and fostering learning method for students in both the East and the West is: Confucius (551-479 BC); Xocorat (469-339 BC); Rabole (1490 - 1553); Monteno (1576 - 1636); The researches on learning method and fostering learning method for students typically are: "Great teaching method" of Jan Amos Komensky ; "The mission of Youth Union" by VI Lenin ; the works by LX Vugotxki; "Education in Practice" by Macarenco ; "Organization of the self-study of university students" of A.A Gorokopxki and M.I Lubixona; "Education for the 21st Century: Prospects of Asia - Pacific" by Raija Roysingh ; "Self-learning to teach" by Patrice Pelpel; "Mind Mapping at work" by Tony Buzan; "Language skills - skills to improve learning efficiency" of Luu Kim Tinh The thoughts and researches of learning methods and fostering learning method by foreign authors are considered as the very important rationale, needs to be studied, inherited and developed in the process of building the dissertation 1.2 The researches on methods of learning and fostering learning methods of local authors Typical of the researches on methods of learning and fostering learning methods for university students is: "On the issue of education - training" of the former Prime Minister Pham Van Dong; "Method of learning – researching of students at colleges and universities" by Pham Trung Thanh ; "Traditional teaching methods and innovations" of Thai Duy Tuyen; the works of Le Khanh Bang, Ha Thi Duc, Tran Ba Hoanh; "Learning and teaching how to learn" by authors Nguyen Canh Toan, Nguyen Ky, Le Khanh Bang, Vu Van Tao; "Logics and methods of learning & scientific research" by the authors of Doan Van Khai, Nguyen Anh Tuan and Du Dinh Phuc In the military, the works on learning method and fostering learning method for students at military university typically are: "The orientations for organizing self-study by students at military university" and "Self-study method" of Trinh Quang Tu; "The fundamental solutions for fostering self-learning method for students training officers at Military University" by Mai Van Hoa; "The basic directions of the positive perceptions of learners in the process of studying the social sciences" of Dang Duc Thang; "Improving the quality and efficiency of lectures on social sciences and humanities at military university" by Tran Dinh Tuan; "On the construction of active learning methods in the academies and military schools" by Nguyen Chinh Trung; "Applying cooperative teaching in teaching social sciences and humanity at military university" by Phan Van Ty In general, the authors of the military have focused on researching innovation of teaching methods, organizing self-learning activities outside of the classroom, fostering self-study methods However, the authors of the military only focus more on researching the process of innovating teaching methods and self-study process, equipped with self-learning method for students of military universities in general, there is no works pertaining to study methods and fostering the methods of learning in accordance with the thought “take self-studying as essence” for students in military university 1.3 Researches on Ho Chi Minh’s ideology of self-study For self-study thought of Ho Chi Minh there are some authors inside and outside the military have focus on researching and clarifying ideas & practice of Ho Chi Minh’s self-study Typical are the works: "Method and Ho Chi Minh style" of Dang Xuan Ky; "Learn the method of Ho Chi Minh" by Hoang Chi Bao; "Grasp Ho Chi Minh’s thought in management, education and rehabilitation of prisoners" by Pham Duc Chan; "The first step to understand the viewpoint of Ho Chi Minh on teaching" by Phan Trong Luan; "The first step to understand the viewpoint of Ho Chi Minh on teaching and learning" by Bui Minh Hien and Le Xuan Phan; "Ho Chi Minh with the issue of self- study" of Dang Quoc Bao; the researches on Ho Chi Minh’s thought in self-study by Nguyen Hoang Yen ; Ho Chi Minh – a shining pedagogical mirror"of Pham Khac Chuong; "Ho Chi Minh’s thought in self-study and measures to improve the self-learning for students at Pedagogical University" of Vu Van Nam In the military, typically are the works: "Ho Chi Minh with the military education" by Nguyen Ngoc Phu; "Ho Chi Minh’s thought on education in the military field" of the General Political Department; "The mirror of self-study of Ho Chi Minh - human values between studying and practicing for all party members" of Dang Nam Dien; "Applying the thought "Training must aim at the needs" of Nguyen Van Chung; " Ho Chi Minh’s thought on education" by Tran Dinh Tuan In addition, there are many master thesis, scientific papers on various aspects of self-learning, active learning methods, Ho Chi Minh’s thought on learning and self-study and so on The works have confirmed that Ho Chi Minh’s thought on self-study has practical value as evidenced by the vivid example of self-study of his endurance Self-study has a crucial role in the process of occupying knowledge and working process on the position of each person In order for the process to work effectively, it requires officials to self-stufy and improve self-study guide However, the works focus on researching that self-study is a form of overtime learning, they have not considered self-learning as a mainstream method in the system of learning methods of students Raised issues for the thesis to continue to resolve Through an overview of the domestic and overseas researches about learning method and Ho Chi Minh’s ideology of self-study, in general the works have focused on aspects of the viewpoint of modern teaching is to teach the studying way However, for the learning methods and fostering learning methods with respect to selfstudy, the following issues need to be further researched: First, on researching the thoughts of Ho Chi Minh The study of the view "take self-study as essence" deeply and apply in fostering the learners with learning method which considers self-study as the key, there is no author exploiting, researching, especially for students at military university Second, regarding the learning method in general, independent learning method in particular in the world’s history of education Through researching the argument points, pedagogical ideas, it’s posible to see that teachers always have a desire to teach his learners the practical knowledge The fostering of learning method, selfstudy in general have not been interested in deep research Third, the issue of fostering learning method, self-learning for university students in general and students in military university The issues of how (way, measures) to foster the learning method in which the learners take self-study as essence for students has not received the attention to research from authors, while practices needs such research So, fostering learning method in accordance with the thought “take self-study as essence” for learners requires to become a clear and consistent pedagogical ideology, an objective and teaching tasks to achieve, not only is a measure to improve the effectiveness of teaching at military university Research objective of the thesis topic To clarify the scientific basis and nature of Ho Chi Minh’s thought “take self-study as essence” ; launch the conception and significance of fostering learning method for students in military university in accordance with Ho Chi Minh’s thought “take self-study as essence”; survey and assess the status to propose requirements, measures to foster learning methods in accordance with Ho Chi Minh’s thought “take selfstudy as essence” for students in military university to improve their academic performance, to meet the requirements of modern teaching and thereby contribute to improving the quality of training military officers in the new situation Research content of the thesis 10 - Analyze, interpret, clarify the nature of the thoughts “take self-study as essence” by Ho Chi Minh and the theoretical issues on learning methods and fostering learning methods for students in military university in accordance with Ho Chi Minh’s thought “take self-study as essence” - Assess the situation and draw the issues in applying Ho Chi Minh’s thought “take self-study as essence” in fostering learning methods for students in military university - Define requirements and propose measures to foster learning methods for students in military university in accordance with Ho Chi Minh’s thought “take self-study as essence” today Research methodology of the thesis * Basis of methodology: The thesis topic is based on research methodology of dialectical materialism of Marxism - Leninism; thoroughly grasp Ho Chi Minh thoughts and opinions of the Communist Party on education - training, especially policy to reform teaching and learning methods in the industrialization and modernization of the country During the research, the author approaches the issue according to the viewpoint system - structure, complex views: activity - values – dignity; historical - logical perspectives; practical perspective to analyze historical context, conditions for forming and applying Ho Chi Minh’s thought “take self-study as essence” in the history of teaching and self-study in military university; clarify the scientific basis and nature of the thought “take self-study as essence” * The research methods: The thesis topic uses synthetically methods of scientific education and other supporting methods, including theoretical research methods, practical research methods and other supporting research methods * Scientific hypothesis: 13 Learning method in accordance with the thought “take self-studying as essence” is the way and measures that learners themselves find and discover learning content in an active, creative way under the guidance and help of teachers, the cooperation of students in learning 1.2.1.4 Fostering learning method in accordance with the thought “take self-studying as essence” for learners at military university Fostering learning method for learners at military university in accordance with the thought “take selfstudying as essence” is a combination of pedagogical impact to consolidate, strengthen and develop the learning ways and measures of students on the basis of taking initiative self-learning activities as essence From that conception, fostering learning method in accordance with the thought “take self-studying as essence” for learners at military university on some following specific issues: Fostering objectives; fostering subjects; fostering impact; fostering content; fostering forms; fostering conditions; criteria for evaluating fostering outcomes: 1.2.2 Pedagogical value of fostering learning method for learners at military university in accordance with the thought “take self-studying as essence” We have generalized fostering learning method in accordance with the thought “take self-studying as essence” for learners at military university in compliance with the trend of university education today; meet requirements for training military official staff in the new period; contribute to improving the quality of education and training in general, the quality of teaching and learning in the current military university in particular; meet the needs of self-learning to lifelong of learner team at military university Conclusion of chapter 14 Ho Chi Minh’s learning method “take self-studying as essence” not only help each person improve their understanding of themselves, to understand other people, to understand the world but also develop in the learners themselves their lifelong learning ability With the explosion of scientific knowledge and technology, the development of the knowledge economy at present, studying associated with self-study have become a basic way for each person to enrich their own potential To this, education must focus on "teaching how to learn" and "learn to learn" to equip individuals with "creative self-study way" - a sharp instrument for lifelong learning Only in this way, the learners can continue to receive and process information provided by the life of his life by taking selflearning as a key activity in the process of acquiring knowledge To have military officer staff meeting the requirements of building the army in the new period, military universities need to put into policy the thought “take self-studying as essence” for learners, help learners at military universities have good methods for self-learning to the lifelong to meet the development of military career and social & military practices Chapter PRACTICAL ISSUES ON FOSTERING TRAINING METHOD FOR STUDENTS AT MILITARY UNIVERSITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH HO CHI MINH”S THOUGHT "TAKE SELF-STUDYING AS ESSENCE" 2.1 The process of applying Ho Chi Minh's thought’s “taking self-studying as essence” in teaching and self-study in the military academies and schools By studying the documentary on educational, training practices at military academies and schools from its establishment until now, we have generalized fostering learning method for students in the history of teaching of military schools 15 2.2 Status of learning method, self-study and fostering learning method for learners at military university today 2.2.1 Features of training at military university First, training target at military university is combining training according to learning level with academic training according to positions Second, learning activities of students at military university are cognitive activities with the nature of research Third, learning activities of students take place in the conditions that military environment has close organization 2.2.2 Status of learning method and fostering learning method for learners at military university 2.2.2.1 An overview of the status survey * Survey purpose * Survey content * Survey subject, location and time * Method of status survey 2.2.2.2 Results of the status survey First, the status of learning methods, self-study of learners at military university: - Regarding wareness, capturing learning methods - Handle and use ways of learning - Learning outcomes Second, the status of fostering learning method for learners at military university: - Regarding leadership and direction; 16 - Regarding the fostering content; - Regarding fostering forms and methods; * The cause of the limitations First, conditions of infrastructure, technical equipment, materials and curricula for the educational training mission have many difficulties, have not met the requirements in both quantity and quality; Second, academies and military schools were interested in directing to implement the views of teaching knowledge in conjunction with teaching methods Third, students have not really respected their learning way to approach the learning content for professional work in the future Fourth, officer and lecturer staff at academy and military schools are generally lacking quantity Fifth, the testing and evaluation are still following a trail, have not created a motivation for students to have faith, to strengthen and develop their learning methods 2.2.3 Practical issues posed for fostering learning method in accordance with the thought “taking self-studying as essence” through survey First, ensure quality of the input Second, specify training objectives for each training subject Third, standardize, modernize teaching programs, content Fourth, innovate teaching and learning methods Conclusion of chapter Research the process of applying Ho Chi Minh's thought “taking self-studying as essence” in the process of training officer staff at military schools since the early days of formation has indicated that although in the difficult conditions of war, along with universities nationwide, military schools have self- 17 reliance, autonomy in staff training, focus on fostering learners the learning ways of autonomy, efforts and positiveness Status of fostering learning method in accordance with Ho Chi Minh's thought “take self-studying as essence” for students at military university today has created important factual basis to propose measures accurately, timely and effectively, contributing to improving the quality of education and training of the army, improve the quality of officer staff in the new situation, contribute to building the revolutionary, formal, elite and gradually modernized army to meet the requirements of the national defense industry in the new situation Chapter METHODS OF FOSTERING TRAINING METHOD FOR STUDENTS AT MILITARY UNIVERSITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH HO CHI MINH”S THOUGHT "TAKE SELFSTUDYING AS ESSENCE" 3.1 Requirements for developing methods of fostering learning method for learners at military university in accordance with Ho Chi Minh’s thought “take self-studying as essence” From the issues drawn by the practice of fostering learning method, self-study for students of military universities, to foster learning methods for students, military universities need to well implement requirements when building fostering methods as follows: - Closely combine the fostering learning methods in accordance with the thought “take self-studying as essence” for students with innovating teaching methods of teachers; - The fostering of learning methods in accordance with the thought “take self-studying as essence” for students is conducted simultaneously with the process of acquiring knowledge, training study skills of students; 18 - The fostering of learning methods in accordance with the thought “take self-studying as essence” for students must ensure the practical nature to meet objectives of training and practicing learning habits of military officer in the future 3.2 Measures to foster learning method for learners at military university in accordance with Ho Chi Minh’s thought “take self-studying as essence” 3.2.1 Education and development of learning motivation, attitude for students The education to develop learning motivation, attitude for students at military university can be carried out according to the different contents and ways, which needs to focus on some following requirements for content: - For managing officers: Need to thoroughly grasp training objectives, requirements and associated the achievement of those goals & requirements with satisfying the needs of the learners During the training at school, leaders and commanders at all levels should orient learners on responsibilities and rights Need to make a commitment between the interests of the learners and requiring implementation of goals, training requirements will have the effect of encouraging learners to be more active in the learning and training activities Gradually more and better meet the needs and aspirations of students Learning motivation of students is strengthened, developed by the teaching activities in schools Well implementing the campaigns of education industry, the campaign "Study and follow the moral example of Ho Chi Minh" * For lectures Faculties and subject departments should focus on changing the entire perception for lecturer staff Make every lecturer, every collective faculty to have profound awareness about fostering learning methods for students in the learning process at school Lecturer staff should carefully & thoroughly grasp the training objectives and requirements, education and training regulations to guide students ; through the lecture should 19 integrate educational content, making students profoundly aware of training objectives, requirements, targets to be achieved, striving criteria and so on *For learners: Students must always have self-consciousness to transform the university’s training target & requirements into the individual’s learning target & requirements Only by this, learners can promote the positiveness, self-consciousness in learning and self-seeking a learning method good for them 3.2.2 Fostering learning method for learners at military university in accordance with Ho Chi Minh’s thought “take self-studying as essence”through the organizational form of teaching Through lecture form: Lecturers at military university have to respect the requirements and processes of the lecture, design the contents to indoctrinate students to ensure requirements for fostering learning methods Through the form of seminars: - Prepare seminar: Guide skills of self-researching, teamwork, self-questioning, self-figure out to answer - Conducting seminars : Orient ways of teamwork, how to discuss according to the contents assigned - End of seminar : Instruct ways of notes, conclusions, research orientation Through other forms of teaching: - Thông qua thực hành thực tập - Through practice - Thông qua hoạt động ngoại khóa - Through extracurricular activities 20 3.2.3 Develop the processes of fostering learning method “take self-studying as essence” for learners at military university Develop the processes of fostering learning method in accordance with the thought “take self-studying as essence” for learners at military university includes a system of the following steps: Step 1: Sort out and determine the target of fostering learning method accroding to each content and form of organizing teaching Step : Fostering the learning ways for students Need to focus on design some fostering ways for students in several ways: Focus on attention; positive observation, analysis, synthesis, regularly review: Step 3: Fostering learning skills towards "take self-studying as essence" for students in military university Approach according to the theory of modern teaching, learning skills will help learners to imagine and grasp the ways of independent, autonomy, exploring and creativity learning Therefore, teachers need to focus on a number of skills: Step 4: Guide students to apply academic skills to the reality of learning process - Activities in the classroom: Students should closely combine listening to lecture and takeing notes - Activities outside the classroom: Students should carefully study discussion guide; review the prepared content carefully, discuss with their comrades to identify solutions Step 5: Verify the results of fostering learning method for students First, research findings, treatment of learning content Second, result of grasping and expressing learning content 21 Third, the complete results has quality of preparing learning tasks The learner must check and adjust themselves 3.2.4 Enhance group activities to foster and self-foster learning method in accordance with the thought “take self-studying as essence” for learners at military university * Train the learning skills in group for students Skills included: Prepare plan of group activities; build the group’s regulations; assign tasks; share responsibilities; active, positive listening; share information; resolve conflicts * Create a good learning environment to foster the method “take self-studying as essence” for students * Organize for students to actively participate in scientific research * Orient for students to be self-conscious on fostering the method “take self-studying as essence” Conclusion of chpater Measures to foster learning method in accordance with the thought "take self-study as essence" is implemented by fostering subjects: Leaders, commanders, administrators, lecturers and students at military universities Those measures must be derived from the requirements of higher education and the training goals, requirements of military academies & schools and psychological characteristics, perceptions of the learners By studying the actual situation and the issues of learning methods and self-learning of students at military universities, we have proposed five basic measures of the most general nature, instructing ways of fostering and improving learning method for students according to the direction of taking self-study as key activity Each measures with different positions and roles but has close relation, affecting each other to create a positive system impacting on fostering learning methods for students This measure is the basis, the premise impacting the other measure, in the absence of a measure, it will not be impossible to implement the fostering of learning method So, in order to foster learning methods in accordance with the thought "take 22 self-study as essence" for students to achieve results, military universities need to study, thoroughly grasp, supplement, complete and perform synchronically & uniformly the measures mentioned above Chapter PEDAGOGICAL EXPERIMENT 4.1 The common issues of experimentation 4.1.1 Experimental purpose and hypotheses * Experimental purpose * Experimental hypotheses 4.1.2 Experimental scope, foundation and subjects * Experimental scope * Experimental foundation Pedagogical experiment was conducted in units : - Unit 1: School of Political Officers - Unit 2: Infantry officers training college no These are the two big military universities of Ministry of National Defense specialized in training commanding officers of Combined Arrms and political commissar of the section level * Experimental subject - Experimental unit 1: Students at second year (Battalion 3) training at School of Political Officers - Experimental unit 2: Students trained as commanding officers of Combined Arrms at third year (Battalion 13) training at Infantry officers training college no 4.1.3 Experimental force and time * Experimental force * Experimental time Experimental duration is from 22 February 2011 to 22 October 2011, divided into periods : 23 - Conduct experiments at the unit 1, from 22 February to 20 June 2011 - Conduct experiments at the unit 2, from June 23 June 2011to 22 October 2011 4.1.4 Experimental content, methods and measurements, evaluation of experimental results * Experimental content In each experimental unit, the thesis author and collaborators conducted the class, seminars, self-study hours toward fostering learning method in accordance with the thought "take self-study as essence" in the content of the subject military education under the programme of training officers at section level We focus on experiment the innovation of lecturer’s teaching method towards fostering learning method in accordance with the thought "take self-study as essence" for students in the form of lectures (Measure 3.2.2) and fostering academic skills "take self-study as essence" (Measure 3.2.3) * Experimental methods The experiment was conducted by the method of controlled experiment On the first experimental unit, we give lecture of one credit (4 topics, 16 periods) according to the program training undergraduate political instructors On the second experimental unit, we give lecture of one credit (4 topics, periods) according to the program training officers at section level- university level which was arranged with the same coaching plan and teaching conditions in both the control and experimental group The control classess are still conducted like the past, experimental class are conducted towards fostering learning method in accordance with the thought "take self-study as essence" Finishing each round of experiments, we examined, summarized, analyzed, compared the results of progress on the qualification and learning methods in accordance with the thought "take self-study as essence" and the advancement of learning outcomes of students between experimental and control classes in the same unit of time 4.2 Process and analysis of experimental results 4.2.1 Experimental process 4.2.1.1 Experimental Preparation 24 Step 1: Survey, select and understand the quality of the classes before conducting experiments * Survey, select experimental and control classes * Understand the quality of the class before conducting experiments Step 2: Foster and guide the experimental collaborators Step 3: Analyze the program, compile documents 4.2.1.2 Conduct experiments We conducted experiments in both units during the identified period During the experiments, we have carried out the following tasks: - Give experimental lecturer in the class - Conduct seminars for times 4.2.1.3 End of experiment - Check, finish experiment: After finishing experiments, we conducted a test of self-styled discussion, with duration for 90 minutes - Process, analyze experimental results: The experimental results were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively according to criteria were identified - Conclusion of experiment 4.2.2 Analysis of experimental results 4.2.2.1 Analysis of experimental results quantitatively 4.2.2.2 Analysis of experimental results qualitatively - Qualitative analysis of the progress in the method of learning in accordance with the thought “take self-study as essence” of students through experiments - Qualitative analysis on the progress of the learning outcomes of students through experiments Conclusion of chapter The experimental results confirmed the positive effects of measures fostering learning methods in accordance with Ho Chi Minh City’s thought “take self-study as essence” for students at military university 25 today These measures have helped students at military university have clearer and fuller perceptions on the purpose of fostering learning methods in accordance with the thought “take self-study as essence”, then foster positive emotion, attitudes toward learning , effective learning skills , help students accomplish learning tasks and future authorities We conduct experiment on the measures proposed in the subject of military education in two experimental units The measures for fostering learning method for students at military university in accordance with the thought “take self-study as essence” implemented in the form of lecture at classroom are suitable with students at School of Political Officers ( with programs, training content of 55.0 % politics, 45.0 % military ) and students at Infantry Officer Training College No ( with programs, training content of 45.0 % politics, 55.0 % military) The experimental classes have moderate number of students, it favours teachers to use the lecture toward fostering learning methods in accordance with the thought of taking self-study as essence During the experimental process, we also encountered difficulties, but we had expected them and prepared remedies, so the experiment has obtained good results Impacting outcomes of the measures proposed for the form of teaching at classroom with the subject of military education are fairly stable in both experiments have confirmed the feasibility, effiency, correctness of the measures to foster learning methods for students in military university in accordance with Ho Chi Minh City’s thought “take self-study as essence” CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Learning method is an important content in the learning process of students The knowledge volume taught at university is extremely large, teaching methods and learning environment are different far from general education Therefore, students should have proper learning methods to be able to absorb all that massive body of knowledge In order to learn better and achieve higher results, it’s necessary for students to have a rational learning method in the main hall and mostly in their ways of self-learning Entering university, lots of students are still at fault as regards new teaching and learning way Because students are considered as matured people, learning and teaching at universities emphasize self-awareness and self- 26 responsibility for the studying results of each individual, therefore, learning method at university always revolves around the issue: how to self- effort with the highest learning outcomes Fostering learning methods for students in accordance with Ho Chi Minh City’s thought “take selfstudy as essence” is the pedagogical process aimed at helping students with the independent, creative learning method, mostly based on their own self-study The process of fostering is a holistic unity of measures and processes which are strict, scientific with nature of enabling academics, universities apply depending on the characteristics and training objectives in order to improve the quality of education and training, contributing to train military officers to meet the current practical situation The process of fostering learning method in accordance with the thought “take self-study as essence” for students depends on many factors, but primarily depends on cognitive abilities and capacities of learners Therefore, the fostering subjects need to clearly see pedagogical impacts and conditions to conduct fostering of quality The fostering should be implemented in a uniform and close procedure in all military universities depending on typical characterisitcs of the university’s type of training officers However, the research of the issue of fostering learning methods for students in accordance with the thought “take self-study as essence” has posed issues requiring further research as independent issues such as: the technique of the method or manipulation of the methods, pedagogical effectiveness of the learning method, fostering learning method through organizational teaching forms Based on the findings of the studying methods in accordance with the thought “take self-study as essence” for students in military university , we propose a number of recommendations to the leaders and commanders of military universities as follow: First, innovate curriculum content in accordance with the requirements of practice and teaching profession of students, teaching content should be highly generalized and integrated Develop training programs, it’s neccessary to spend more time for the specialized subjects Second, strengthen the innovation of teaching methods, of actively use teaching methods towards making learner’s perception positive to enhance the autonomy and creative thinking for students 27 Third, build and develop a team of teachers, administrators of learners with high professional qualification, pedagogical proficiency, a sense of responsibility, dedication to the profession, exemplary in life, education and training as an example for to students to follow Fourth, improve, invest in modern teaching facilities; build a modern library serving for the needs of self-learning, self- study of students Supplement the textbooks, curriculum and reference materials Increase self-study period, activities following lectures, well done the evaluation of students ... Trung Thanh ; "Traditional teaching methods and innovations" of Thai Duy Tuyen; the works of Le Khanh Bang, Ha Thi Duc, Tran Ba Hoanh; "Learning and teaching how to learn" by authors Nguyen Canh... practice of Ho Chi Minh? ??s self-study Typical are the works: "Method and Ho Chi Minh style" of Dang Xuan Ky; "Learn the method of Ho Chi Minh" by Hoang Chi Bao; "Grasp Ho Chi Minh? ??s thought in... viewpoint of Ho Chi Minh on teaching" by Phan Trong Luan; "The first step to understand the viewpoint of Ho Chi Minh on teaching and learning" by Bui Minh Hien and Le Xuan Phan; "Ho Chi Minh with the