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b – bộ khếch tán; c – rãnh dẫn khí nén vào guồng tiếp theo; d – trục; 1&2 – cửa vào & ra của guồng động; 3&4 – cửa vào & ra của bộ khuếch tán Máy nén. .. được biểu diễn trên hình 2-3 p n=1 n=κ n→∞ n=0 O v Hình 2-3 Đồ thị p-v của quá trình đa biến n = 0 : quá trình đẳng áp 13 Khảo sát máy nén piston trên ôtô KaMaz 53212 & máy nén ly tâm trên động cơ D1146TI n = 1 : quá trình đẳng nhiệt n = k : quá trình đoạn nhiệt n → ∞ : quá trình đẳng tích 2.2.2.3 Khảo sát đặc điểm thủy lực của máy nén piston 1 cấp: 1 Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến máy nén piston: a Ảnh... và đệm kín và đĩa van ở đỉnh xilanh b Công suất của máy nén piston một cấp: b1 Công suất lý thuyết Nlt của máy nén: Khi trục khuỷu quay một vòng, piston thực hiện hai hành trình nhưng trong đó chỉ có một hành trình hút 21 Khảo sát máy nén piston trên ôtô KaMaz 53212 & máy nén ly tâm trên động cơ D1146TI Vậy, năng suất lý thuyết của máy nén được xác định: N lt = Glt llt = ρ1 Vh n llt , 60... a12tb Nhiệt này chính là nhiệt ma sát qms do công ma sát lms biến thành: 18 Khảo sát máy nén piston trên ôtô KaMaz 53212 & máy nén ly tâm trên động cơ D1146TI qms = lms = Dt.a12t b Dt a22t b = Dt a12t b + Dt 122t1 Từ hình 2-4 ta có: ∆l = lms + lqms > lms (2.24) Với: lqms = Dt.a12t 2 là công của nhiệt ma sát mà máy nén cần khắc phục Từ (2.24) ta thấy đối với máy nén cần đặc biệt lưu ý đến tính... biểu thức: ηoi = Trong đó: Lmn ,λ Lmn ,t Lmn,λ – công của máy nén khi kể đến các ảnh hưởng của lượng 17 Khảo sát máy nén piston trên ôtô KaMaz 53212 & máy nén ly tâm trên động cơ D1146TI khí nạp được xác định bằng công thức (2.22) Lmn,t – công của máy nén khi kể đến cả ảnh hưởng của sự không thuận nghịch trong máy nén Nếu coi quá trình nén là đoạn nhiệt, từ hình 2-4 , ta có 1 – 2 là quá trình... quay của trục máy, [vg / ph] z – số piston a2 Lưu lượng (năng suất) thực: Q = λ.Qlt = λ.F S n.z λ.Vh n  m3 s  =   60 60 (2.29) 20 Khảo sát máy nén piston trên ôtô KaMaz 53212 & máy nén ly tâm trên động cơ D1146TI Trong đó: Vh – thể tích hút của piston hay thể tích làm việc của piston trong 1 vòng quay λ – hệ số nạp đánh giá tổn thất thể tích trong quá trình làm việc của máy nén π D2 S z... và chiều rộng Các guồng động trong máy nén ly tâm có kích thước nhỏ dần theo chiều tăng của áp suất khí nén vì khi nén thể tích khí giảm Nguyên lý làm việc của máy nén ly tâm cũng tương tự như bơm ly tâm, điểm khác là do sự biến đổi áp suất của khí khi qua guồng động nên dẫn đến sự biến đổi 25 Khảo sát máy nén piston trên ôtô KaMaz 53212 & máy nén ly tâm trên động cơ D1146TI khối lượng riêng... Khảo sát máy nén piston trên ôtô KaMaz 53212 & máy nén ly tâm trên động cơ D1146TI giảm của hệ số nạp λ Khi đã xác định được ηi ,k hoặc ηi ,k ta có thể xác định được công của máy nén thực Lmn,t và trạng thái của khí khi ra khỏi máy nén (điểm 2t): Lmn ,t = Lmn ,λ ηi (2.26) Khi kể thêm tổn thất ma sát cơ học (ma sát giữa các chi tiết chuyển động, các ổ trục,…), công tại trục quay của máy nén gọi... trình đẳng nhiệt: Nếu quá trình nén là đẳng nhiệt (từ 1- 3) thì công nén là l T Khi ấy hệ số hiệu dụng đẳng nhiệt là ηT: Trong đó: ηT = lT C22 − C12 ltt − 2 (2.66) ltt – công nén thực tế, khác với lT 31 Khảo sát máy nén piston trên ôtô KaMaz 53212 & máy nén ly tâm trên động cơ D1146TI 3.3.3 Khảo sát đặc điểm thủy lực của máy nén ly tâm: Phương trình cơ bản của máy nén ly tâm ( cột áp): b 2.3.3.1 . +Q T2B-HIUO3<I0=V-+*CW,3 +**06)+*<=>!PI+)C-I 0*=CX=>YZ+H+JI[6Q*()* khảo sát máy nén piston trên ôtô KaMaz 53212, máy nén ly tâm trên động cơ D1146TI”I+:Q**POX*??O-. . 8-V3V0Z*P+*V32-2AB-H )0I/<-X*32-O-Ht/uUW-H -V0tP0IVdu=;M0I24 A*2A6*; 0> 3.2 Khảo sát máy nén piston:   >8)+,  *+)[-aOZ2ANW,0X/ -V:*d-V^+*+E>$<=/2ANW, D0Z+**/> >o/ $[(XW,W,. !"#$% " #$%&'(')*+&%,(')*-).( 3.1 Nhi+m v- máy nén . 8-V3V0Z*P+*V32-2AB-H )0I/<-X*32-O-Ht/uUW-H -V0tP0IVdu=;M0I24 A*2A6*;