MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY TRAN DUC HOAN KINH BAC CULTURE – AESTHETIC AREA IN HOANG CAM’S POETRY Major: Vietnamese culture Code: 62.22.01.21 SUMMARY OF PHD DISSERTATION IN LITERATURE THAI NGUYEN - 2013 The work has been completed at: Thai Nguyen University of Education – Thai Nguyen University Scientific Supervisor: Ass Prof Dr Tran Thi Viet Trung Ass Prof Dr Nguyen Duy Bac Opponent 1: Opponent 2: Opponent 3: The dissertation will be defended at dissertation marking council at student level at Thai Nguyen University of Education – Thai Nguyen University At: clock , day month year 2013 Find out more about the dissertation at Center for school materials – Thai Nguyen University and the Library of Thai Nguyen University of Education LIST OF WORKS ANNOUNCED RESEARCH RESULT OF THE DISSERTATION Tran Duc Hoan, Tran Thi Viet Trung (2008), "Aesthetic signal in Hoang Cam‟s poetry ", Writer Magazine, No 8, Page 57 Tran Duc Hoan (2008), "A type of symbol in Hoang Cam‟s poetry", Vietnam Literature and Arts Forum Magazine, No 12, Page 43 Tran Duc Hoan, Nguyen Thu Huong (2009), "Kinh Bac festival space in Hoang Cam‟s poetry ", Writer Magazine, No 1, Page 31 Tran Duc Hoan (2009), "Cây Tam cúc giấc mơ xe hồng", Languages magazine, No 6, Page 38 Tran Duc Hoan (2009), "Image of Kinh Bac legend and historical characters in Hoang Cam‟s poetry", Vietnam Literature and Arts Forum Magazine, No 7, Page 39 Tran Duc Hoan (2010), "Love duet cultural space in Hoang Cam‟s poetry", Writer Magazine, No 2, Page 41 Tran Duc Hoan (2011), "In term of a symbol in Hoang Cam‟s poetry ", Languages magazine, No 3, Page 47 Tran Duc Hoan (2011), "Mother‟s image in Hoang Cam‟s poetry ", Vietnam Literature and Arts Forum Magazine, No 5, Page 35 Tran Duc Hoan, Nguyen Duc Hanh (2011), "Symbol of brassiere and coat in Vietnam poetry and Hoang Cam‟s poetry", Writer Magazine, No 6, Page 105 10 Tran Duc Hoan (2012), "Strange characteristics in art language of Hoang Cam‟s poetry", Vietnam Literature and Arts Forum Magazine, No 10, Page 26 PREPAFACE Justification Hoang Cam is one of typical poets of the poetry of modern Vietnam Accessing to Hoang Cam, we see profound effects of the regional culture - one important element that makes decisive contribution to creating poetic inspiration and art style of the poet Researching effects of the regional culture on Hoang Cam‟s poetry will contribute to decoding his poetry, indicating particular characteristics in Hoang Cam‟s poetry in the view of culture studies and aesthetic regional cultural icon Researching the dissertation titled “Kinh Bac culture aesthetic region in Hoang Cam’s poetry” contributes to clarifying the issue that aesthetic region has an important value in forming poetic inspiration, poetic characteristics, thoughts and art style of the poet Thereby, the topic affirms that: Kinh Bac culture - aesthetic region is an original aesthetic region for Hoang Cam to create his own rich, diversified and richly characteristic poetic inspiration Hoang Cam‟s poetry has revived the cultural characteristics of Kinh Bac region in the modern poetry life Simultaneously, Hoang Cam‟s poetry has contributed to interpreting, respecting and praising and brightening the cultural values of one land area which has longstanding cultural tradition, civilization This is the important contribution of Hoang Cam to the poetry of modern Vietnam, land area and people, beloved country of the poet Choosing the above topic is aimed to discover highlights on aesthetic cultural values in Hoang Cam‟s poetry from the frame of cultural reference to confirm once again the efficiency and contributions on many aspects of the poet in the great flow of the poetry of modern Vietnam This has a great meaning to researching, teaching and studying Literature at high school, college, university level, etc This is a topic which has both scientific, practical nature and practical contributions to getting to know and interpreting Hoang Cam‟s poetry Objectives of research The purpose of this Dissertation is to research Hoang Cam‟s poetry in the relationship with Kinh Bac cultural and aesthetic region in view of cultural icons and systems of languages Thereby, the author hopes to suggest and provide some operative foundations to understand Hoang Cam‟s poetry when accessing to the document of words, discovering Kinh Bac cultural traditions furthermore, contributing to researching, teaching and enjoying Hoang Cam‟s poetry more thoroughly Simultaneously, the author wants to affirm the original creations, typical and largely respectful contributions of Hoang Cam in Vietnamese poetry life Tasks of research The Dissertation clarifies opinion about aesthetic region, cultural region and Kinh Bac cultural region in relation to Hoang Cam‟s poetry The Dissertation analyzes and proves national nature, typical regional cultural characters crystallized in the art of Hoang Cam‟s poetry The Dissertation analyzes and interprets cultural icons and points out typical characteristics of art language of Hoang Cam‟s poetry in relation to Kinh Bac aesthetic cultural region Object, scope of research Research objective of the dissertation is Hoang Cam‟s poetry in its close relation to Kinh Bac cultural region – characteristic aesthetic region of Hoang Cam‟s poetry Aesthetic cultural characters and characteristics of Kinh Bac aesthetic culture in Hoang Cam‟s poetry are considered on basic aspects such as system of icons and languages in his poetry Main references include Hoang Cam - Poetry works edited by Lai Nguyen An (Writers' Association Publishing House, Ha Noi 2003) Hoang Cam‟s series of poems: “Thuan Thanh Rain” (Cultural Publishing House, 1991); “Rhapsody Duong River” (Cultural Publishing House, 1993); “Floral Leaf” (Cultural Publishing House, 1993); “Back to Kinh Bac” (Cultural Publishing House, 1994); “99 love songs” (Cultural Publishing House, 1996) and series of poems “Indefectible ferment (Men đá vàng)” (Cultural Publishing House, 1995); separate poems printed on different newspapers, magazines and works of other categories such as prose, versified play, etc Scope of research includes surveying and referring to some typical poetry works about Kinh Bac in the national literature life; some poets in the same generation with Hoang Cam (to compare the original, distinct characters in Hoang Cam‟s poetry); books, newspapers and materials about Kinh Bac regional cultural characteristics in particular and regional cultural characteristics in general will be theoretical and practical foundations for implementing the topic Overview about the issue (issue history) 5.1 Research orientations on Hoang Cam’s poetry art Among modern Vietnamese poets, Hoang Cam is the one who is highly assessed thanks to his art valued contributions to the contemporary lyric poetry Researchers and critics such as Do Duc Hieu, Do Lai Thuy, Nguyen Dang Diep, Chu Van Son, Phan Huy Dung, Dang Tien, Nguyen Viet Chien, etc have paid their special attention to the aspect of tone in Hoang Cam‟s poetry; these tones are folk song and angry tones However, these researchers have just stopped at mentioning the issues other than researching them furthermore, interpreting specifically profound effects of Kinh Bac culture on poetic inspiration and tone of Hoang Cam‟s poetry Those findings are very precise and accurate and they will be scientific foundations for the dissertation to inherit and develop In respect of languages used in Hoang Cam‟s poetry, researchers and critics such as Tran Manh Hao, Ngo Van Phu, Chu Van Son, Dang Tien, Hoai Viet, etc have their different, even contrast comments and assessments However, all of these researchers and critics point out profound artistry values of Hoang Cam‟s poetry, especially achievements on language aspect That is clever combination between traditional and modern characteristics, lyric characteristics and scientific qualifications in languages of Hoang Cam‟s poetry These authors affirm that it is the language of new, young and queerly attractive poem Additionally, many critics and researchers such as Do Duc Hieu, Do Lai Thuy, Le Dat, Phan Huy Dung, etc highlight surrealistic impressions in Hoang Cam‟s poetry Articles, researches and opinions mentioned above agree to indicate that there are a virtual world, surrealistic poetry images, elements of subconscience, non-conscience, spirit, etc in Hoang Cam‟s poetry 5.2 Research orientations on effects of Kinh Bac culture on Hoang Cam’s poetry Some researchers such as Nguyen Dang Manh, Hoai Viet, Nguyen Xuan Lac, Nguyen Dang Diep, Ngo Thao, Nguyen Viet Chien, Nguyen Thi Minh Bac, etc affirm that the inspirations in Hoang Cam‟s poetry are all originated from Kinh Bac traditional cultural region The above authors have mentioned aesthetic region Kinh Bac in Hoang Cam‟s poetry but they have not analyzed or clarified this aesthetic region Thus, their researches have not systematized, surveyed comprehensively as well as not generalized this aesthetic region to be an issue of profound scientific characteristics to contribute to decoding Hoang Cam‟s poetry and pointing out characters, characteristics and original creations of this talent Kinh Bac poet Ideas, comments and assessments made by the researchers and critics suggest and open the way for us to continue researching and clarifying the issue that Kinh Bac culture is the original aesthetic region in Hoang Cam‟s poetry That original and profound aesthetic region has contributed significantly to creating poetic inspiration, artistic thoughts and style of Hoang Cam Kinh Bac was the special aesthetic region for Hoang Cam to weave his poetic inspiration rich in lyrical nature Thereby, he created his own style and poetry characters that cannot be mixed For the above reasons, choosing the topic “Kinh Bac culture aesthetic region in Hoang Cam’s poetry” is aimed to contribute decoding scientifically and relatively thoroughly Hoang Cam‟ poetry from the view of cultural studies, indicating clearly the relationship between Hoang Cam‟ poetry and Kinh Bac aesthetic cultural region Thereby, the topic affirms that Kinh Bac culture is the original aesthetic region in Hoang Cam’ poetry Methodology The dissertation combines the inter-sector methodology of Culture-Literature: By accessing literature from the view of culture studies, we can interpret more completely the artistic work using the system of culture codes contained in it Cultural and aesthetic elements relating to people, nature, geography, history, customs, practices, language, etc can be applied to interpret content and formality aspects of the work Simultaneously, this access method can contribute to interpreting creating psychology, readers‟ tastes and development path in general of culture Historical method: This method helps the author get to know how related social circumstances and individuals have affected the author‟s creating process Simultaneously, this method contributes to determining the position of that author in the national poetry process Systematical and analytical method: This method helps surveying and getting to know repeated details and images This has an important meaning in determining original artistic icons in Hoang Cam‟s poetry, thereby, analyzing, commenting, assessing, systematizing and generalizing each represented issue Comparative method: This method is used to compare synchrony and chronology based on historical views to see the acceptance and inheritance in Hoang Cam‟s poetry Some methods of prosody studies are used to access to the system of methods representing by artistic images of culture, based on aesthetic opinion about the world of art to clarify the issue Kinh Bac culture aesthetic region in Hoang Cam’ poetry Contributions of the dissertation The dissertation contributes to clarifying opinion about aesthetic region, cultural region and relation between aesthetic region, cultural region and cultural works Thereby, the dissertation helps see more clearly the relationship between aesthetic cultural environment and cultural works The dissertation surveys, systematizes and analyzes system of Kinh Bac cultural images in Hoang Cam‟s poetry Moreover, the dissertation indicates clearly some artistic language characteristics in Hoang Cam‟s poetry in the relationship with Kinh Bac aesthetic cultural region The dissertation affirms distinct characters in contents and new original artistic creations in Hoang Cam‟s poetry from the view of culture studies, contributing to getting accessed to his poetry The dissertation affirms important contributions of the poet in the flow of the poetry of modern Vietnam and contributes partly to understanding poems, cognizing, teaching and enjoying Hoang Cam‟s poetry more profoundly Structure of the dissertation Apart from Preface and Conclusion, this dissertation is divided into three chapters: Chapter 1: Some theoretical issues on aesthetic region, cultural region and Kinh Bac cultural region Chapter 2: World of aesthetic icons in Hoang Cam’s poetry Chapter 3: Aesthetic region in Hoang Cam’s poetry from the view of language The final part is References Chapter SOME THEORETICAL ISSUES ON AESTHETIC REGION, CULTURAL REGION AND KINH BAC CULTURAL REGION 1.1 Opinion about aesthetic region in cultural works In artistic works, of which, cultural ones, authors often have a certain “region of creation” to take poetry materials and topics for their inspirations Each author has his/her own familiar and favorable system of topics which can be called “region of aesthetic objects” (Nguyen Dang Manh) That aesthetic region bolds impressions of the creator to create special poetry style and private artistic thoughts for the poet When mentioning the aesthetic region in cultural works, country should be mentioned in the first position The country is the place where there are nature, culture and people with spectacular impressions, unique and unmixed beauty that cannot be mixed with that of the other region Rivers and mountains of the country not only create beauties but also tap the supernatural atmosphere of land Over thousands of generations, land and people are tangled, fight against the nature violently to create incessant changing life The country has cultural resource and invaluable humanity Many generations and life have devoted sweat, bone and blood to maintain, protect and develop the country to continue people‟s life Nevertheless, not all of authors have their own aesthetic regions Value of the aesthetic region is only developed when the author combines his/her blood and meat with the country or has a distinct aesthetic emotion to write his/her characteristic works When the work appears, it must indicate poetry topics that are both familiar and new based on the poetry materials available in that country such as images, scenes, events, phenomena, people and relations with basic and crucial cultural elements that have been existing in that country Thereby, these materials contribute to creating the world of rich, diversified and lively artistic images in the work Since then, 10 with hundreds of occupations and food culture traditions rich in lofty civilization and humanitarian values 1.3.2 Kinh Bac culture in Kinh Bac’s poetry Kinh Bac is the homeland of legends, myths and folk songs of the traditional village of smiling - national cultural foundations Thus, folk literature of Kinh Bac region occupies an important position in not only Kinh Bac culturedevelopment progress but also in Vietnam culture and literature By taking a comprehensive view, we can see that in one thousand of Middle-age literature, there were many poets They considered Kinh Bac land region with thousand years of civilization as poetry materials and topics for their works Following and inheriting the traditional poetry from the previous centuries to the beginning of XXth century, among typical poets and writers before the August Revolution of 1945, there were many artists and poets of Kinh Bac country In the nine years of war against France and more than twenty years of war against America and since 1945, poetry of Kinh Bac people has created distinct appearance for Kinh Bac poetry movement in the general flow of the national literature We can mention authors of this period such as Anh Vu, Duy Phi, Tran Ninh Ho, etc Kinh Bac poetry and literature in the XXth century were an important landmark to affirm the literature that has had long-standing tradition, making an important contribution to the national literature in general and poetry in particular We can list some authors such as Tuong Pho, Bang Ba Lan, Nguyen Hong, Anh Tho, Hoang Cam, Bang Si Nguyen, Ngo Dat, Anh Vu, Duy Phi, etc All of these authors had great contributions to the development progress of Kinh Bac literature That was a continuous and undisrupted flow over periods, which created distinct cultural impressions for this country of civilization 11 1.3.3 Kinh Bac culture - origin of the aesthetic region in Hoang Cam’s poetry Kinh Bac aesthetic cultural region had impacts on works of many writers and poets in our country However, it is said that the core spirit of Kinh Bac only crystallizes, bears fruits and sublimates in the poetry works of Hoang Cam The author placed distinct impressions on the path of poetry writing about Kinh Bac in the modern age from selecting words to express his own “affection”, “spirit” through nature, culture, customs and people in Kinh Bac land The author ever talked “More than seventy years are over, on remembering that biosphere, my soul revive a restoring of life …Thus, these emotions have entered my poetry out of my conscience” Writing about Kinh Bac, the poet created a distinct cultural space with typical features of this country such as customs culture, river water culture, shining of Kinh Bac atmosphere, mountains and hills, folk paints, world of leaves, grass, fruit, etc All of these features created a colorful picture which was pinned in Hoang Cam country station - Kinh Bac country station in his poetry, as the poet said: "all cleverly reconciled from the national dawn, disseminated sparkling poetry particles into a passionate, perceptive, amorous and multi-circonspection soul that innocent Kinh Bac boy who was sometimes foolish, pure and was weak for many times raised his little, natural hands to catch and devote his all life to writing these poetry lines, bouncing scripts that knew how to dance, fly and desired to fly further and more highly" All of aforesaid things created a powerful source of inspiration in Hoang Cam‟s poetry Thereby, the author created a system of lively images, diversified artistic icons rich in expressive, denotative and humanitarian values through his system of distinct languages and tones 12 Chapter WORLD OF AESTHETIC ICONS IN HOANG CAM’S POETRY 2.1 Opinion about icons and aesthetic icons 2.1.1 Opinion about icons Icons are sentimental images on the objective reality and contain a brief symbolic meaning including two aspects, denoting thing and denoted thing Cultural icons are some object, phenomenon used for many times in cultural activities and gradually upgraded to symbolic image to indicate the spiritual meaning apart from the material meaning Cultural icons contain the depth of emotion, nation and age nature 2.1.2 Opinion about aesthetic icons Aesthetic icons are a means of plasticizing and expressing that has suggestiveness, association, polysemantics and contains high artistic value Icons are specific images - in literature - icons are a poetry material used and repeated for many times by the poet In particular, aesthetic intention always exceed expressed value Icon or symbol is a transfer of meaning based on rhetorical metaphors and metonymies that are used for so many times that they become familiar to people to the extent that at any time when these metaphors, metonymies are mentioned, all of people understand and agree with their expressed contents 2.2 Kinh Bac natural icons 2.2.1 Icon of rivers The images of Kinh Bac country‟s rivers were represented clearly on Hoang Cam‟s poetry in the depth of cultural consciousness with highly precise aesthetic emotions, suggesting many original artistic ideas Inspirations about of river (Thuong River, Cau River, Duong River, Tieu Luong River, etc.) were originated from internal emotion about Kinh Bac region Despite unfavorable weather conditions, ups and downs, these rivers still flew pleasantly There 13 was a national poet named Hoang Cam who loved the country deeply and countryside tenderly There was also a Hoang Cam - poet of a couple's love full of devotion and dream, mixed resentments that were unable to be decoded clearly Kinh Bac rivers was represented in turn in Hoang Cam‟ poetry page with impressions of culture, history and people that were both supernatural and indulged in the rivers‟ flowing shape along with the length of the national history It can be said that Kinh Bac system of rivers created a world of productive alluvium to support special cultural and historical values of this country of civilization to make it develop, interfere and resonance Simultaneously, this system fixed its name and age in the general flow of the national culture, creating a distinct impression that cannot be mixed of Kinh Bac river water culture 2.2.2 Icon of mountains, hills Although Kinh Bac mountains and hills were limited, Lim hill and Thien Thai mountain were the two outstanding icons in Hoang Cam‟s poetry when writing about the nature, culture, love and sediment between people of Kinh Bac country Especially, these mountains and hills were closely associated with sacred space of pagodas, shrines, temples, etc It seemed to be that no communal houses and pagodas of Kinh Bac country was separated from rivers and mountains, hills such as Dau, But Thap, Phap Mon, Phat Tich Pagoda, Temple of eight Kings of Ly Dynasty, Co Loa, Hai Co, Lim, Dinh Bang Temple, etc The system of mountains and hills here created erotic, charming beauties for an indulged country of folk songs, etc According to statistics, there were about more than 40 times the poet mentioned the images of Kinh Bac mountains and hills Accessing to the natural world of Kinh Bac mountains and hills in Hoang Cam‟s poetry, we realized that any system of mountains and hills here were beautiful, romantic, charming, associated with the folk legend, legend, historic legend and 14 longstanding cultural history of the country such as Neo mountain, Dam mountain, Tieu mountain, Che mountain, Phuong Hoang mountain, Co Tien Mountain, Thien Thai mountain, etc All of these became the stage of poetry and songs and entered the world of Hoang Cam‟s poetry like attractive old stories rich in the color of historical legend but poetry Especially, Thien Thai mountain and Lim hill were considered as the cultural icons of Kinh Bac mountains and hills Simultaneously, these mountains and hills created inspirations for the artists and poets of Kinh Bac country This was a great aesthetic region for Hoang Cam poet to express his own emotions 2.2.3 Icon of leaves, glass, fruits It can be said that Hoang Cam is the poet who created many artistic signals, first of all, distinct and symbolic aesthetic signals for one love in himself: love for the countryside and country was always bitter and a couple‟s love with many love tumours but were anxious and deeply resent in heart The way of expressing love in himself was not similar to that of any other modern Vietnamese poets Hoang Cam seemed to create a strange, marvelous and mysterious world of love from Floral Leaf, Lan Dao Leaf, Bong Thi Glass, Truong Sinh Leaf, Thien Dong Glass, Dai Bi Leaf, Be Bang Leaf, etc Those are aesthetic signals, multi-layered artistic icons that integrated into his poetry inspiration, first of all, icon of beauty to lead the poet into a highly mysterious, supernatural, illogical poetry world with images that could not be easily captured by normal logical thoughts but it was required to place that world in its relation with distinct and new aesthetic cultural environment in decoding art 2.3 Icon of Kinh Bac people 2.3.1 Icon of people in legend and history In view of legend, unreality and mystery, the images of legend characters, Kinh Bac‟s history put by Hoang Cam into his poetry 15 were alive, attractive and speciallly charming These characters became the images carrying eternal beauty, having everlasting, unresting life These characters included: An Duong Vuong, Thanh Giong, My Chau, My Nuong, Truong Chi, Tu Thuc, Giang Tien, Hai Ba Trung, Y Lan, Chieu Hoang, Hoang Hoa Tham, etc All of these characters originated or ever cared establishing the long-term cause with the people in Kinh Bac land Hoang Cam revitalized the cultural and spiritual space of the legend and historical characters in Kinh Bac land, making them feel as if they were taking to the present people It can be said that the poet must have had a special emotion for the people and homeland to be able to describe these characters Indeed, the love devoted to the homeland was the love for the country in himself This love soaked into his blood since his childhood and then became dense fields of poetry, with green shores Kinh Bac was like a cultural river running in himself and then things depositing in those layers of alluvium were poetry pages and text pages which contained artistic values waiting for being discoveried and decoded by readers 2.3.2 Icon of mother Based on our survey results, in Hoang Cam‟s main series of poems, the crucial one - Back to Kinh Bac (1959- 1960), there were 34 times per 48 poems, the author directly mentioned the image of mother This was the series of poems for the author to Thurify mother’s oul in the mood of the child desiring to back to the homeland Mother was represented at many different emotional levels with simple words Looking at mother, Hoang Cam had a historical, chronoligical view - a kind of interminable, nursed, created and deposited time to take the shapes in Vietnamese excellences from Au Co age 16 With its nature as a literary image, mother image in Hoang Cam„s poet appeared many different emotional levels was represented by a variety of emotional feelings In general, Hoang Cam‟s poetry about mother meant writing about a cultural character a Model one which was affected, interferred and transferred from a native cultural faith Countryside culture, Mother culture was like raindrops falling upon Hoang Cam‟s poet to make up a sweet taste like the folk song rymes of his countryside That was also the enzyme to create a distinct voice in the poet of Kinh Bac culture 2.4 Icon of Kinh Bac culture and customs 2.4.1 Icon of festivales In Hoang Cam‟s poetry, almost all of original festivals of Kinh Bac region appeared such as Wrestling Festival, Rice vermicelli competition (Thi sợi bún), Nga Hoang Festival, Giong Festival, Long Kham Festival, Van Ha Festival, etc In series of poems Back to Kinh Bac, the poet left a rymne (rymne - Diem Trang) to mention Kinh Bac‟s festivales and any festivale became icon of people and culture herein That created an attractive and typical world and space of art in his poetry Kinh Bac festivals always convergeg the cultural beauties of a civilized country This was a kind of typical folklore and considered the precious stone in Vietnam's storage of culture Experienceing many ups and downs of the society and changes of the countryside and nation, Kinh Bac festivals weren‟t not only lost but also developed more abudantly, beautifully and radiantly along with the countryside traditions, representing the abudant, powerful vitality and non-stop flow of Kinh Bac culture One another great cultural meaning of the festivals in Hoang Cam‟s poetry was education although there was not any teaching instruction or lesson made into writing Space of festivals highlighted the cultural soul of Kinh Bac in his poetry Thereby, it confirmed that Kinh Bac was always the great cultural, aesthetic region in Hoang Cam‟s poetry 17 2.4.2 Folk song - an original cultural, aesthetic icon Although the author did not directly describe singing voice, he mentioned the soul of folk song culture Those are rhymes “ứ hự”, “hừ la” full of chokes by tears, resentment - a distinct language that only exist in folk songs and poetry: Ứ hự tình ơi/Đố lấp Ngân hà/ Để em lấp lời ca đêm trường (Chân trời tua tủa mảnh trai), Ứ hự hi / U ời ới a (Chân dung tự thú) Folk song culture was a part of the characteristical cultural space that affected the poetry life of Hoang Cam Since then, he had swallets of materials in consistence with his poetic emotion That artistic value was a abundant source of poetry inspirations and materials for the poet to write the poems rich in folk song voices Hoang Cam was born and grown up in the land of folk songs Thus, he understood and felt passionate about folk songs That love was syntonized with his soul to form the folk song art ego in his poetry Therefore, folk song culture space in Hoang Cam‟s poetry always has an independent value in all of his heritages By getting to know the art of building some images and symbols as above, we see clearly the efficiency, creativity and spiritual beauty of the author That is also the vitality of the poetry pages rich in aesthetic values, profound cultural values! Hoang Cam confirmed his name in the lyrical poetry line of modern Vietnam Especially, while the poet did not stop with what he had obtained, he still made an unusual effort with all pains of his personal tragedy to devote beautiful verses to life Writing poetry meant continuing writing the text of life; heart still bit and life still had much of joyfulness and happiness Poetries were written by all blood of one life silkworm silking spit, swiftlet blooding to create nest Moreover, poetries were written by courageous pen, living capital and conscientious and spiritual feelings nurturing heart rich of humanity and love for their homeland and country! That was the style of Hoang Cam 18 Chapter AESTHETIC REGION IN HOANG CAM’S POETRY FROM THE VIEW OF LANGUAGE 3.1 Opinion about language and artistic language in literature 3.1.1 Opinion about languge Language is a system of symbols, a means of communication and a tool of thinking Language is formed in the process of operating and exchaning with others of each individual in society Language brings social, historical and grading nature Language is a means of preserving and communicating information; language is one of means of adjusting human behavior Language exists in oral form (word, language; speech, voice) and written form (letter, text, etc.) 3.1.2 Opinion about artistic language in literature Artistic language is the one that is used mainly in literature works Artistic language not only has function of informing but also has function of satisfying the aesthetic needs of humans Artistic language is the language that is organized, arranged, selected, refined from ordinary language and achieves artistic value of the aesthetic social nature Artistic language in literature works is the national one that has been formalized Language has been formed, selected, polished, etc Especially, that language must bring aesthetic emotions and feelings that are identified through emotional vibrations to readers Those feelings are different from that of science - pure vibrations through reasoning and proving 3.2 Characteristics of Kinh Bac aesthetic cultural region in artistic language in Hoang Cam’s poetry 3.2.1 Combination of many channels of language Language in Hoang Cam‟s poetry was the one of Kinh Bac folk His poetry attracted many different generations of readers This was because apart from the researches on innovation of art, Hoang Cam still preserved for himself a source of languages and original 19 and excellent characteristic images of Kinh Bac The poetic nature of Hoang Cam‟s poetry languages was also the extension of New poetry language Thinking of language in Hoang Cam‟s poetry was the folk type - public thinking, in combination with modern thinking personal thinking But, Hoang Cam‟s poetry was not extended fold poetry but based on that foundation of public thinking The poet made his own breakthroughs in the romantic poetry progress by personal creation to both retained the common folk resource and still recognized his own resource - a face of Hoang Cam‟s poetry - that could not be mixed Nevertheless, in spite of being marked by folk thinking of language in the way of viewing the world, Hoang Cam was a modern poet Visionary thinking of folk language in combination with modern surreal view created a magical and surreal, traditional and modern Hoang Cam Surreal thinking that was like a step of modern artistic thinking based on the philosophical foundation, Bergson's theory of intuition and psychological foundation, Freud‟s psychoanalytic theory brought a new and more accurate look on fact That fact was a combination between reality and dream, between unconsciousness and consciousness It is possible to find in Hoang Cam‟s poetry the impression of this legend way of thinking language when the poet created a world mixing reality and imagination Imagination was mixed with reality like an obvious existence: Ao mưa dằng dịt trường sinh or picking vườn ổi, crossing cầu bà Sấm, bến cô Mưa, similar grass, leave cradling competition But, grass and leaf here were Bong Thi grass, floral leaf Time was also formalized with Lieu Trai afternoons (chiều liêu trai), night sof mythical fox turned human (đêm hồ tinh), Kinh Bac gold nights (đêm vàng Kinh Bắc),etc That was the view of the legend and folk The world was a unity of usual and fabulous thing Thuy Khue called “Hoang Cam desert was sparkling between reality and dream” for that reason 20 In Hoang Cam, there was also a combination between folk language, romantic poetry language and language of symbolic poetry - surreal in poetry These languages were mixed in a flexible poetry structure That was the structure shaped in folk culture challenging structure, especially folk stories, folk songs, etc Hoang Cam was the leader in reforming poetry by suppressing words, depending little on events He was “chief leader” (Nguyen Viet Chien) of the aestheticistic school in contemporary Vietnamese poetry Thus, when reading Hoang Cam‟s poetry, please feel firstly, then interpret In the traditional way of thinking, he modernized the poetry thinking in a random manner 3.2.2 Language full of symbolic nature and rich of music nature It can be said that Hoang Cam‟s poetry was a poetry lyrics full of symbolic and musical nature with high expressive nature That was a passionate combination between sound and word, between rhyme of life and creative inspiration of the poet Language creating musical nature for poetry sentence still resounded forever It seemed to be that the poet was lost in the maze of letters in "Labyrinthine road " He was attached to that road like Quan ho lovers Kinh Bac aesthetic cultural region was stick to him and purchased him to arise buds The symbolic nature in Hoang Cam‟s poetry was actually viewed from the angle “strange” in the structure of sentences and poetry idea Hoang Cam was very precise in using verbs Each verb created the soul of the sentence and poem Thereby, the verb oriented readers towards other wider fields of meaning than the inherent one to create a new aspect of meaning with strange nature in the thinking way For example, Giếng ngọc ễnh ương quát đêm tiền sử (Đêm hoả), Trăng lên chém đầu gió (Đêm hoả), Tiếng trống chèo vuốt ngực Châu Long (Luân hồi), Gió mát chồi xuân đay nghiến luỹ tre làng (Đêm mộc), etc Those were verbs expressing the world of mood, organoleptics of the poet about life, culture and living 21 psychology of the people in Kinh Bac countryside that had been deflected into his poetry Moreover, the symbolic nature in Hoang Cam‟s poetry was sense effects of new prosody with the nature of cutting pasting, highlighting popular and sublime, light and dark thing to a suitable space of text to "connect" icon - aesthetic characteristics of the postmodernism This characteristics in his poetry was interesting in the point that it created way of combining grammar and traditional prosody until combining “planted spy” words that were specially reselected to form a new symbol Hoang Cam used inherent material of folk languages to create an artistic whole in flickering symbols between logo and material However, the traditional material when being used by the poet like a platform to execute his reading on it did not retain the original familiar aesthetic color anymore - it was strange like on Bertolt Brecht's stage because the author placed and overlapped other cultural icons over the old cultural icons with the fundamental and material nature like this This was obviously a great language creation of the poet It can be said that thanks to his achievements in reforming his own artistic languages, Hoang Cam took a further step on representing his own artistic courage with strangeness, origin, innovation, classic and popularity than ever CONCLUSION Culture and literature always have reciprocal and close relationship Culture forms artistic ideology, sense of aesthetics of the artist In contrast, through culture, artist will enrich and enhance the national culture In the transformation of the national cultural life as now when there is exposure and interference with many schools of literary in the world, rebuilding and preserving the regional and 22 national cultural characters in Hoang Cam‟s poetry is an activity of high respect and is waiting for empathy, exploration of multiple dimensions Moreover, cognizing on theoretical aspect, the nature of the relationship between literature and cultural helps researching Hoang Cam‟s poetry solve some entanglements, disagreements left by the old approach; simultaneously, having theoretical foundation to develop a new approach: Accessing literature from the view of culture This approach initially has some advantages to promote discovering cultural icons in Hoang Cam‟s poetry in the relationship with Kinh Bac aesthetic region Hoang Cam was a well-known modern poet with a distinct and original poetry style, unique poetic verse On the path of his own art, he always sought and expressed new artistic ego But the cultural origin of the countryside was still the place where he came back and considered this origin as his main inspiration That origin was the place for him to express emotions to create distinct characters for his poetry This consistency made his poetry become unique while building the artistic icons about Kinh Bac cultural region The world of art in Hoang Cam‟s poetry was diverse, multiple-meaningful symbols bringing profound values about the cultural element of Kinh Bac region In Vietnamese poetry, Hoang Cam was a great poet, both in terms of talent and personality It is often said that every born human is a product of his/her own hometown And, Hoang Cam is "special product" Kinh Bac land! In his poetry, there is a clear appearance of a personality, soul and countryside of folk songs The life and poetry career of Hoang Cam are a typical case for one of the "secrets" of success in modern Vietnam literature world It is hesitance "in the middle" Hesitance is between the poet and the warrior (national and democratic) Hoang Cam is ideal model for one proportion of intellectuals, writers and artists; failures in the struggling life cover halo in his poetry career Hesitance is between the traditional and 23 modern way of creation Hesitance is between folk culture cradle rich in collective consciousness and a horizon of personal freedom absorbing from the Western civilization, between telling story and talking, between reality and dream, between exposure and hide, images and icons, legend and fact, literature and world affairs to create a Hoang Cam‟s prosody Hoang Cam‟s poetry had its own way to spread easily but it was not popular Simultaneously, his poetry still satisfied enjoying psychology of Vietnamese middle class in a relatively special social context when literature and art were changing vigorously from the political tool back to itself His life was the one of regreting what had been lost (Đứng bên sơng nhớ tiếc/ xót xa rụng bàn tay) that he hoped to retain by poetry: Retaining green spring, retaining a virtual love, retaining a period of spicy but red betel, retaining the national colour brightened on rice paper, etc Maybe, Hoang Cam‟s poet retain our heart for that reason Poet Hoang Cam has had great contributions of high respect to modern Vietnam literature His poems have graced Kinh Bac land region, national poetry, especially in cultural icons and system of artistic languages, tones Hoang Cam has obtained a worthy, solid position and became one of the great poetry names in the history of the national literary If there had not had sacred and excellent land region, generous Kinh Bac cultural-aesthetic region full of life, there would not have had the child of Sơng Đuống trơi đi/ Một dịng lấp lánh and vice versa Hoang Cam was the person who conserved and revived the culture that was pure and warm of the countryside taste and could not be mixed It can be said that redisplaying and confirming the cultural values of the previous generations by the cultural icons into the work was an intentional doing of Hoang Cam in the process of reflecting the reality of life Hoang Cam‟s works conveyed the unique cultural values of the previous generations to readers by a sense of a "real life" This can be considered as the aesthetic tendency in artistic 24 creativity of this poet - tendence on blowing into the work qualifications and cultural values of the nation, the homeland (specifically, cultural beauties in Kinh Bac region - cultural cradle of the nation) This also contributes to explaining why Hoang Cam's works in general are always been warmly welcomed by the majority of readers Hoang Cam‟s success affirms once again his bravery when choosing his own direction, that is: not to "follow the crowd" not to follow the trend "of industrialization and modernization” in both way of thinking and way of life (sometimes very trivial and "standard deviated ") but many writers at the same generation considered this direction as "fashion” when they created works Thus, Hoang Cam's works hid many shimmering, shining and strangely beautiful gems reflecting truthfully the traditional nature - Vietnamese soul over thousands of lives The pages of Hoang Cam is a book to introduce readers more about the people and land region bolding the impressions of Kinh Bac culture - root of Vietnamese culture Hoang Cam‟s works represent clearly the portrait of a great poet with the works imbued with love of the country, the magnanimous history of building and protecting the country with the depths of pure, warm and brightening rooted culture Despite failures in his life, his poetry did not have any resentment, pessimism The nature of Kinh Bac culture was imbued in the rich world of his poetry In turn, his works brought fame to love of the people, love of the countryside and country of Quan Ho region Studying the poetry career of Hoang Cam will certainly discover many new issues in language, tones, poetry prosody and cultural expressions that are still waiting for interpretations of many readers./ ... difficult to separate them clearly 1.3 Kinh Bac culture in Kinh Bac and Hoang Cam’s poetry 1.3.1 Characteristics of Kinh Bac cultural region Basic characteristics of Kinh Bac culture can be generalized... and humanitarian values 1.3.2 Kinh Bac culture in Kinh Bac’s poetry Kinh Bac is the homeland of legends, myths and folk songs of the traditional village of smiling - national cultural foundations... subconscience, non-conscience, spirit, etc in Hoang Cam‟s poetry 5.2 Research orientations on effects of Kinh Bac culture on Hoang Cam’s poetry Some researchers such as Nguyen Dang Manh, Hoai Viet,