INTRODUCTION 1. Overview of the dissertation Since the Militia Act was enacted, construction activity of militia force under Military Region 1 on politics has been led and directed by the Command’s Party executive committee and the committees, the local authorities. Thus, the level of political enlightenment, ethics, lifestyle and capacity to implement the responsibilities and duties of the militia force are improved, contributing to strengthening the leadership of executive committee, effective management of the authorities, maintaining political stability, social security at local and grassroots levels. However, during the current period, there are many new issues affecting political consciousness of militia force under Military Region 1. Those are the transformations of social - class structure in our country, rich - poor gap, diverse & complex participants of militia force; and building self-defense force at enterprises which are not state-owned the enemies’ plot of "depoliticizing" the armed forces. Therefore, it’s necessary to research, summarize and draw experiences to improve the political quality of forces of militia force under Military Region 1 in recent years, study the new theoretical & practical issues, contributing to provide scientific basis to improve the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1 in the current period. The research "Improve the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1 in the current period" contributes to clarify the basic issues in theory and practice; propose basic solutions to improve the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1 in the current period. To perform this task, the dissertation author based on the theory of Marxism – Leninism, Ho Chi Minh ideology and the Party’s reformative views & policies; uses the research results of some works published in recent years related to the dissertation topic. At the same time, the dissertation author has conducted fieldwork on the actual situation of building militia force under Military Region 1 since the Militia Act was enacted to date. 2. Reasons for choosing the topic In building the people’s armed forces, building militia nationwide with high quality, meeting the requirements of the national construction and protection mission plays a particularly important positions and role. This is the succession to the tradition, experience of 1 organizing the armed forces in the history of national construction and defense of the nation; creatively applying and developing the Marxism - Leninism and Ho Chi Minh ideology in the new historical conditions of the country and the times. Building the people’s armed forces which are strong in politics as a basis to improve the overall quality and combating strength is the consistent view of the Communist Party of Vietnam. Therefore, improving the political quality of militia force is always the central & key issue in building militia force both in peacetime and when the country is at war. Currently, improving the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1 has many advantages, but it is facing tough difficulties and challenges. Developing the socialist-oriented market economy makes the social-class structure of militia force extremely diverse. Militia force not only is built in the state-owned enterprises, at all levels, sectors, localities & administrative units but also has to be built in the enterprises which are not state-owned. The negative side of the market economy has affected all areas of social life, making a part including militia force degraded in politics, ethics and lifestyle. Imperialism and the hostile forces are urgently implementing their conspiracy of "peaceful evolution" and overthrowing violence in order to remove the socialism in our country. To accomplish this goal, they find every trick to undermine the leadership of the Party, the State's management of the people's armed forces, undermining political thought, ethics and lifestyle of the armed forces in general and militia force in particular That fact requires more care in building and improving the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1. In recent years, grasping throughly the Party’s views and policies and the Militia Act, the development of militia force under Military Region 1 has had a positive change in leadership, direction and implementation. Thus, the political quality of militia force is basically maintained, synthetic quality is improved, contributing to strengthening the leadership of the executive committee, effective management of the government, political stability, social security and safety at the local & grassroots level. However, the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1, especially in the remote areas, ethnic minority areas and border areas has not met the mission’s requirements, with not high operational efficiency, especially when there are complex political and social situations at the local & grassroots level. 2 With a relatively long time working in the local military authorities of Military Region 1, the author chooses the research issue “Improve the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1 in the current period” as the doctoral dissertation topic in political science, major in building the Party and the State government. The topic does not overlap researches published in recent years and is in accordance with the code of the major in building the Party and the State government. 3. Research purpose of the dissertation topic On the basis of clarifying basic theoretical and practical issues in improving the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1, contributing to building the strong militia force under Military Region 1 completing all tasks. 4. Research subject and scope * Research subject of the dissertation topic: Improve the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1. * Research scope: Tập trung đi sâu nghiên cứu chất lượng chính trị và hoạt động nâng cao chất lượng chính trị của lực lượng DQTV ở một số địa phương trên địa bàn Quân khu 1 kể từ khi có Luật Dân quân tự vệ đến nay. Focus on deeply researching the political quality and activities to improve the political quality of militia force in some localities under the area of Military Region 1 since the Militia Act so far. 5. Scientific and practical meaning of the dissertation topic * New scientific contribution of the dissertation topic: - Interprete and present view on the political quality and improving the political quality of militia force. - Draw experiences in improving the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1. - Propose basic solutions to improve the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1 to meet the requirements of the national defense mission in the current period. * Practical significance of the dissertation topic: The research results of the dissertation contribute to providing a scientific basis for the Party, the State and directly the party committee, the Command of Military Region 1, the executive committee, the authorities of provinces & cities in the area of Military Region 1 to determine policies and solutions to improve the political quality of militia force at local and grassroots levels. The dissertation can serve as reference 3 material in researching and teaching subjects including the Party’s works, political works and national defense education at military schools. OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH ISSUE 1. Research situation related to the dissertation topic 1.1. Foreign researches related to the dissertation topic In the Soviet Union there are some researches on the guerilla force during the war to protect the country from 1941 to 1945. The work on Marxism - Leninism theory about the war and the Army of the Soviet Ministry of National Defense, translated and issued by the People's Army Publishing House in 1975 generalizes and analysizes the leadership activities of the Soviet Communist Party and State in the leadership, direction, building the organization and operation of the militia in the war to defend the socialism. This issue stems from the theoretical point of Marxism - Leninism on the nature of justice and the role of the masses in the war of national defense; waging the people's war to protect the socialist Fatherland, deriving from the experience and traditions of Russian people. However, the works of the Soviet Union only refer to the need to organize the building of guerrilla force when the war to protect the socialist Fatherland happens and do not mention the need to organize the building of this force at peace. This is the difference between the construction and use of militia force of the Soviet Union and that of Vietnam. In China, there is the Civil force. Article 36 of the Law on Military Service of China defines Civil force as the organization of the armed mass who still keep production, the assistant and the reserve force of People's Liberation Army of China. The Civil force is developed not only at war, but also in peacetime to protect the revolutionary achievements, and prepare to wage the people’s war to protect the Fatherland. Mentioning the functions and duties of the Civil force, this work clarifies that the Civil force has the responsibility to protect, respect and support the revolutionary government, follow the Constitution and laws of the State, defend peaceful life of the people, and impact the productive & labor front. The political work in building the Civil force needs to educate each militia aware of their own functions and duties. In Cuba there is the territorial troops militia. Article 50 of the Law on National Defense of Cuba stipulates that territorial troops militia is a part of the revolutionary armed forces and is one of the organization 4 forms of the Cuban people to conduct armed struggle and perform other duties on national defense. This law also specifies the responsibility of the Ministry of the Revolutionary Armed Forces, local authorities at all levels and enterprises in building, managing and using the territorial troops militia. In conclusion, in the light of Marxist - Leninist theory on defense of the socialist Fatherland, the organization for building the revolutionary armed forces, the names and the methods of organizing and using militia force in the Soviet Union, China and Cuba are different in different historical times and circumstances, but they all assure the position and role of the militia force; stating the missions & principles in leadership, management and use of this force. This is documentation with theoretical and methodological values in studying the political quality and improving the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1 in the current period. 1.2. Relevant domestic researches Grasping the viewpoints of the Party, President Ho Chi Minh and the Militia Act, many agencies and scientists research the organization and activities of militia force in the revolutionary periods. The domestic research works related to the dissertation include two groups: the group of researches on the organization for building and operation of militia force in the areas of the whole country; the group of researches on the organization for building and operation of militia force under Military Region 1 with different contents and scopes. * Researches on the organization for building and operation of the country's militia force in the revolutionary periods. In 1970, Comrade Le Duan [40], the former General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam composed the work Under the glorious flag of the Party for the independence, freedom and socialism towards gaining new victories. General Vo Nguyen Giap, the Minister of National Defense wrote the work Master the policy on people's war, defeat the destructive war of American imperialism, the People's Army Publishing House, 1975. General Van Tien Dung, the former Minister of National Defense wrote his work The power of national defense of Vietnamese people in 1979. The General department of politics: The Party & political work in the construction and operation of militia. Political Academy: The curriculum on the party and political work in the local military work. 5 Department of Militia: The State writing system on the militia works and national defense education (2011). Academy of National Defense (2002): Curriculum on the Party and political work in the local military work and national defense. Ho Chi Minh National Political Academy (2004): Curriculum on national defense, security and foreign affairs. Follow the directive of the Party's Central Military Commission, currently the Central Military Commission, the units & localities summated 6 years (2002- 2008) of implementing Directive 16 - CT / TW dated 5 October 2002 of the Secretariat on strengthening the Party’s leadership over militia force and the reserve force in the new situation, from communes, wards and towns to the centre; summarizing 12 years of implementing the Ordinance on militia force held from communal level to the military region, the central ministry and sector. Along with the works of academies, schools, research and directing institutions, since the twelfth National Assembly passed the Militia Act, many scientific staff and leaders have managed, researched and grasped thoroughly the views of the Party and the laws of the State on building militia force at all levels, sectors, local grassroots. Some typical works are as follows: Colonel Hoang Van Thanh (2009), “Militia in Quang Tri Province- the key force in preventing and overcoming natural disasters at the grassroots”, Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No. 26 (70), p.42-43. Colonel Nguyen Chien Truong (2009), "Build the strong reserve force and militia in the border area of Gia Lai Province", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No. 26 (70), p. 44-46. Colonel Le Minh Quang (2009), "Build the marine militia force of Ba Ria - Vung Tau Province, the initial results and experience", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No. 26 (70), p. 47-50. Lieutenant Colonel Nguyen Minh Trieu (2009), “The localities in the area of Military Region 9 successfully implement the regime and policies of the militia force”, Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No. 26 (70), p.51 -53. Trinh Van Nuoi (2011), "The Water Supply Company in Tra Vinh Province building strong militia platoon equipped with 12.7 mm air-defense machine guns", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No. 40 (84), p.20- 21. Lieutenant Colonel Nguyen Van Truong (2011), "Some solutions to build marine militia force in the area of Military Region 5". Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No. 40 (84), p.33-34. Ngoc Thang (2011), "The construction of militia force in Thanh Hoa Province", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No. 40 (84), p.41-43. Colonel Bui Xuan Nghia (2011), "The local troops and militia in Quang Binh Province in the early years of the war against the destruction of American imperialism", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No. 40 (84), p.44-48. Major. Tran 6 Thi Huong (2011), "Guerrilla in Tuyen Quang Province in the war against the French invasion," Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No.40 (84), p.52-55. Colonel Ho Xuan Thuc (2011), "The Ministries, sectors and localities focus on directing the building of militia force in 2011 under the provisions of the Militia Act", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No. 41 (85), p.3-6. Colonel Nguyen Duc Vang (2011), "The localities concentrate on directing the education, fostering & training officers and training militia in 2011", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No. 41 (85 ), p.7-9. Colonel Luu Cong Trieu (2011), "Widely register and manage militia is a content in building the strong and widespread militia force", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No. 43 (87), p.6-7. Colonel, Assoc. Prof, Dr. Le Duy Chuong (2010), "Raising the political skill and spirit for militia officers in mountainous border area in the current period", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No.39 (83), p.23-25. Nguyen Tien Dung (2011), "Some experience in developing the Party’s members of militia force in the localities of the Central Highlands area", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No.40 (84), p.23-25. Tran Dinh Trong (2011), "Military Party Committee of Quang Binh district, Ha Giang Province well does the advising work to develop the Party’s members of militia and reserve forces", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No. 44 (88), p.55-56. Nguyen Minh Trieu (2011), "Actual situation and solutions in training basic military officers on the area of Military Region 9", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No. 44 (88), p.22-24. In 2011, the Institute of social sciences and military humanities had a topic on improving the political quality of militia force today. Researching the actual implementation of the scheme on building the typical model in organization, training, operation and measures for managing militia according to the Government’s decision No. 1902/QD- TTg dated 15 October 2010, Lieutenant General Hoang Chau Son, Bureau Chief of militia wrote the work: Replication of the typical model in militia force, Journal on National Defence, No. 2 in 2013. * Researches on the organization of building and operation of militia force under Military Region 1 in the revolutionary periods related to the dissertation topic. Discussing the role of the guerilla militia force at war, there are writing works of Lieutenant General Hoang Chau Son (2010), "The role of local armed forces in the Battle of Route Coloniale 4 in 1950", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No.39 (83), p.39-41. Colonel Tran Huu Hoan (2010), "The armed forces of Cao Bang 7 Province in the Battle of Route Coloniale 4 in 1950", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No.39 (83), p.42-44. Lieutenant Colonel Nguyen Duc Thuc (2011), "Militia force of Tu Son district in Bac Ninh Province - 76 years of construction, combating and growth", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No. 42 (86), p.38-41 . Colonel Nguyen Thang (2010), "The armed forces of Cao Bang province - 60 years of construction and growth", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No. 34 (78), p.45-48. Vu Duc Tho (2010), "Self- defense force of Thai Nguyen Steel and Cast Iron Joint stock company - over 50 years of construction, combating and growth", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No.32 (76), p.40-43. Nguyen Duc Hanh (2010), "The new in training militants in Binh Long commune of Vo Nhai district", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No. 38 (82), p.40-41. Nguyen Van Lan (2010), "Training militia of Bac Ninh Province in 2010 - Results and experience", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No. 34 (78), p.18-20. Tran Dinh Dich (2010), "Thai Nguyen Province, one of the bright spots in implementing the education on national defense - security", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No. 34 (78), p.31-32. Ho Sy The (2011), "Foster the national defense and security at military school in Lang Son Province - Results and experience" Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No.42 (86), p.18-20. Hoang Cong Ham (2011), "The results and some experience in organization for building militia force of Lang Son province", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No.43 (87), p.8-11. Nguyen Ngoc Sang (2010), "Education on politics - law and military training for militia force of Bac Ninh province in 2009 – Some raised issues", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No. 32 (76), p.32-34. Le Dac Phuong (2011), "Some experiences in implementing the education on national defense and security of Bac Kan Province", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No. 47 (91), p.20-21. Nguyen Xuan Binh (2011), "Looking back at the results of one year training military officers at communal level with college level of basic military major in the Military School of Military Region 1", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No. 48 (92 ), p.13-16. Nguyen Kim Thai (2010), "Huu Lung District of Lang Son Province with fostering knowledge of national defense - security", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No.32 (76), p.11-13. Doan Van Quan (2011), "Innovate the teaching 8 methods and improve the quality of education - training of military school in Bac Ninh Province", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No. 45 (89), p.36-38. Mac Vuong Long (2011), "Improve the effectiveness of the party and political works in building, training and operation of militia and reserve force of Son Dong district", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No. 46 (90), p.29-31. Tran Cong Duong (2011), "Lang Son City successfully organized the contest on legal awareness of militia", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No. 45 (89), p.17-18. In a general view, foreign works as well as domestic researches on militia force are all based on Marxist – Leninist theory to interprete the political nature, functions, duties, construction and operation principles of militia force. Particularly the works of the collective and individual leaders, commanders, managers and scientists in the country in general and at the localities in the area of Military Region 1 have relatively insightful and comprehensive analysis on the Party's perspective and Ho Chi Minh thought about the position, role, functions and duties of militia. 2. Raised issues for the dissertation continues to resolve Due to different goals, tasks and contents of each aforesaid research, there is yet no research to basically study the political quality; provide opinion and matters of principle, as well as solutions to improve the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1. Thus, research on improving the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1 in the current period is a new issue which does not overlap the scientific works related to this issue that were published in recent years. First, there is no work to basically interprete the view and matters of principle to improve the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1 in the current period. Second, there is no work to study and evaluate fully the actual situation of political quality and experience in improving the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1 since the Militia Act to date. Third, there is no work to study the impacting factors, identify requirements and propose basic & feasible solutions to improve the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1 in the current period. 3. Objective of the dissertation topic 9 Interprete to clarify the basic theoretical and practical issues to improve the political quality of militia force and propose basic solutions to improve the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1 in the current period. 4. Research content of the dissertation topic - Research the perspective on political quality and improving the political quality and issues of principle to improve the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1. - Properly assess the actual situation & causes; draw experience to improve the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1. - Study the impacting factors, requirements and basic solutions to improve the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1 in the current period. 5. Research methods of the dissertation topic Applying the methodology of Marxism – Leninism, Ho Chi Minh thought and the Party's perspective, the dissertation uses the research methods of the specialized science and interdisciplinary science, which focuses on the systematic – structural method, analyzing, synthesizing and summarizing the practice, logical - historical, comparative, statistical, field survey, sociological survey and expert methods to research and interprete the scientific content of the dissertation topic. Chapter 1 THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ISSUES IN IMPROVING THE POLITICAL QUALITY OF MILITIA FORCE UNDER MILITARY REGION 1 1.1. Militia and the political quality of the militia force under Military Region 1 1.1.1. Perspective and characteristics of militia under Military Region 1 * Perspective on militia Article 3 of the Militia Act defines that " Militia is the mass armed force which does not escape from production and work; the composition of the armed forces of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam; the force to protect the Party, authorities, the lives and property of the people & the State, serving as the core together with the whole people fight against the enemy at the grassroots localities at war. This force which is organized in communes, wards and towns is called militia while the one organized in state agencies, 10 [...]... Region 1 today Chapter 3 REQUIREMENTS AND BASIC SOLUTIONS IN IMPROVING THE POLITICAL QUALITY OF MILITIA FORCE UNDER MILITARY REGION 1 IN THE CURRENT PERIOD 3 .1 Impacting factors and requirements in improving the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1 in the current period 3 .1. 1 Factors impacting the improvement of political quality of militia force under Military Region 1 in the... under Military Region 1 17 2 .1. 1 The advantages of improving the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1 First, the subjects respect and pay attention to leading and directing the practical policies & measures to improve the political quality of militia force Second, the quality of military training and political education for the militia under Military Region 1 is improved Third,... the militia force under Military Region 1 - Political quality of the militia force is an important factor contributing to building the militia unit under Military Region 1 that is politically strong and completes all assigned tasks 1. 2 The conception, criteria and issues of principle in improving the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1 1.2 .1 The conception in improving the political... Military Region 1 1.2.2 Evaluation criteria of improving the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1 First, evaluate the awareness on responsibility and capacity of subjects in improving the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1 Second, evaluate the content, form and measures to improve the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1 Third, evaluate... Region 1 The political quality of militia force under Military Region 1 includes the following components: First, the level of awareness, political enlightenment and political qualification of militia officers and soldiers under Military Region 1 Second, the political skill and capability of the militia force under Military Region 1 Third, the clearness, cleaness and the norm in the political 13 relationships... quality of militia force under Military Region 1, it’s a must to master the subject’s characteristics, deeply go into each ethnic, religion and geographical areas for appropriate content, form and measures to conduct 1. 1.2 Politics and political quality of the militia force under Military Region 1 * Politics of the militia force under Military Region 1 For a scientific conception on political quality,... completing tasks by militia individuals and units under Military Region 1 1.2.3 The issues of principle in improving the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1 The issues of principle are a system of theoretical points for orienting and directing all activities to improve the quality of militia under Military Region 1 First, maintain and strengthen the leadership of the Party committee... improve the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1 Second, promote the synergy in improving the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1 Third, attach improving the political quality of militia force with 16 building the strong locality, agencies and organizations in the area of Military Region 1 Fourth, closely combine building the political qualification, ethics,... defining solutions to improve the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1 today Chapter 2 ACTUAL SITUATION, CAUSES AND EXPERIENCE IN IMPROVING POLITICAL QUALITY OF MILITIA FORCE UNDER MILITARY REGION 1 2 .1 Actual situation of improving the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1 Based on the conception of political quality and evaluation criteria, the dissertation.. .11 political organizations, political-social organizations, professional units and economic organizations is called self-defense" Based on the Militia Act and the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, militia force under Military Region 1 is the mass armed force that does not escape from production, a component of the armed forces under Military Region 1 The Armed Forces . Region 1. * Research scope: Tập trung đi sâu nghiên cứu chất lượng chính trị và hoạt động nâng cao chất lượng chính trị của lực lượng DQTV ở một số địa phương trên địa bàn Quân khu 1 kể từ. Thang (2 011 ), "The construction of militia force in Thanh Hoa Province", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No. 40 (84), p. 41- 43. Colonel Bui Xuan Nghia (2 011 ), "The. trị của lực lượng DQTV ở một số địa phương trên địa bàn Quân khu 1 kể từ khi có Luật Dân quân tự vệ đến nay. Focus on deeply researching the political quality and activities to improve the