[...]... Accordingly, in the 1 Strictly speaking, the distinction between inband and out-of-band distortion components only makes sense when the excitation has already a distinct bandpass nature, as in the RF parts of microwave and wireless systems In baseband subsystems, the various clusters of mixing products overlap, and they all perturb the expected linear output 1.3 Overview of Nonlinear Distortion Phenomena... significant difficulty in dealing with those aspects, as they are tied down by an insuperable incapability when struggling to overcome their basic knowledge deficiencies Although Intermodulation Distortion in Microwave and Wireless Circuits was primarily written for those engineers working in RF and microwave circuits design, it is also appropriate to researchers, academics, or graduate students In fact, its... the lines that constitute distortion sidebands In wireless systems, the former are known as Figure 1.9 The effect of bandpass filtering on the inband and out-of-band distortion (a) Timedomain waveforms of the wireless system’s PA input and filtered output signal amplitude envelopes (b) Close view of the actual modulated signals showing the detailed RF waveforms 16 Introduction cochannel distortion and. .. versions of the input They include newly generated lines that fall around the original spectrum, but also lines that share exactly the same position as the linear response, and thus are indistinguishable from it Contrary to the baseband or harmonic distortion, which are forms of out-of-band distortion, and thus could be simply discarded by bandpass filtering, some of these new inband distortion components... Maas for his encouragement in writing the book and his suggestions while reviewing it CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1.1 Signal Perturbation—General Concepts This book deals with the nonlinear distortion phenomena seen in microwave and wireless systems As its name indicates, nonlinear distortion is a form of signal perturbation originated in the system’s nonlinearities To understand this concept, let’s suppose... (1.27) includes two linear outputs proportional to the first-degree coefficient a 1 , and six more nonlinear components arranged in four different frequencies From these, the sideband components at 2␻ 1 − ␻ 2 and 2␻ 2 − ␻ 1 are usually known as the intermodulation distortion (IMD ) Strictly speaking, every mixing product can be denominated an intermodulation component since it results from intermodulating... nonlinearity, nonlinear analysis tools, and circuit design methods was intended to turn it into a valuable tool for a broad range of technical readers Hence, the only prerequisites assumed are the equivalent of a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering Nevertheless, the main purpose of the book is to present a broad and in- depth view of nonlinear distortion phenomena seen in microwave and wireless. .. linear and the nonlinear responses is the number of terms present in (1.12) and (1.13) While the linear response to a modulated sinusoid is a similar modulated sinusoid, the nonlinear response includes many other terms, usually named as spectral regrowth, beyond that linear component Actually, this is a consequence of one of the most important and distinguishing properties between linear and nonlinear... to briefly introduce the fundamental properties of systems from which we expect this form of distortion generation (i.e., nonlinear systems) As their name indicates, nonlinear 1.2 Linearity and Nonlinearity Figure 1.3 Example of linear distortion caused by the bandpass filter located at the PA output of the wireless system described in Figure 1.1 (a) Time-domain waveform and spectrum of the input signal... any linear operator that, naturally, must preserve the fundamental components Thus, they constitute the most important form of distortion in bandpass microwave and wireless subsystems.1 Actually, the impairment of nonlinear distortion in telecommunication systems is so high, when compared to linear distortion, that it is common use to reserve the name ‘ distortion ’ for nonlinear distortion Accordingly, . Intermodulation Distortion in Microwave and Wireless Circuits For a listing of recent titles in the Artech House Microwave Library, turn to the back of this book. Intermodulation Distortion in. Cataloguing in Publication Data Pedro, Jose ´ Carlos Intermodulation distortion in microwave and wireless circuits. — (Artech House microwave library) 1. Microwave circuits Design 2. Wireless. Jose ´ Carlos. Intermodulation distortion in microwave and wireless circuits / Jose ´ Carlos Pedro, Nuno Borges Carvalho. p. cm. — (Artech House microwave library) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN