i THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines LEVEL OF AUTONOMY ON THE MANAGEMENT OF VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS IN HANOI CITY, VIETNAM A RESEARCH PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE SCHOOL SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY LUCBAN, QUEZON, PHILIPPINES THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY S.R. VIETNAM IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE DOCTORS IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Phạm Quang Vinh (Stone) Thai Nguyen, 2013 ii APPROVAL SHEET In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor in Business Administration, this research study entitled LEVEL OF AUTONOMY ON THE MANAGEMENT OF VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS IN HANOI CITY, VIETNAM has been submitted by Phạm Quang Vinh (Stone) and is hereby recommended for oral examination. Prof Dr. Do Anh Tai Adviser Approved by the Oral Examination Committee, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor in Business Administration offered by Southern Luzon State University, Republic of the Philippines in collaboration with Thai Nguyen University, Socialist Republic of Vietnam. ………………………………………. ………………………………………. Member Member ………………………………………. Chairman Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor in Business Administration offered by Southern Luzon State University, Republic of the Philippines in collaboration with Thai Nguyen University, Socialist Republic of Vietnam. ____________ TERESITA V. DE LA CRUZ, Ed. D Date Dean, Graduate School iii ACKNOWLEDGMENT In grateful recognition and sincerest thanks for the encouragement, guidance and unselfish sharing of their knowledge, time, effort and skills, and for the untiring motivation that leads to the completion of this study, the researcher acknowledges the following: DR. CECILIA N. GASCON, Ph.D., President of the Southern Luzon State University in the Republic of the Philippines, for her untiring effort and belief that this collaboration is possible thus enabling us to pursue the DBA degree; DR. DANG XUAN BINH, Ph.D., Director of the International Training Center, Thai Nguyen University of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, for his enormous pursuit to provide the Vietnamese people an opportunity to grow through education; DR. DO ANH TAI , Ph.D., his adviser, for guidance and endless support for the improvement of this study. ITC STAFF, for providing the necessary research materials; MANAGERS and STAFF of Vocational Schools in Hanoi city, my Respondents, for their patience and cooperation in answering the questionnaire and for other data given; MY FAMILY and FRIENDS, for the love and support in one-way or the other; and TO ALL who have contributed to make this study a success. Phạm Quang Vinh (Stone) iv DEDICATION This research is healthfully dedicated To my family and to all my relatives, my colleagues, friends, classmates, administrators, staffs and employees for Vocational Schools In Hanoi city. Phạm Quang Vinh (Stone) v Table of Contents Title Page Page Approval Sheet ii Acknowledgment iii Dedication iv Table of Contents v List of Figures x List of Table xi Abstracts xv Abbreviations xvi Chapter I. Problem and Its Setting 1 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Background of the study 2 1.3. Objective of study 4 1.4. Statement of the Problem 5 1.5. Hypotheses 5 1.6. Significance of the study 5 1.7. Scope and Limitations 6 1.8. Definition of terms 6 Chapter II. Review of Related Literatures and Studies 8 2.1. Related Concepts and Review of School Autonomy 8 2.1.1. Concept on Education and Vocational school 8 2.1.1.1. Education 8 2.1.1.2. Education as National and as Social 8 2.1.1.3. Vocational education 13 vi Title Page Page 2.1.2. The problems of autonomy and autonomy schools 19 2.1.2.1. Autonomy 19 2.1.2.2. Effective autonomy 20 2.1.2.3. School autonomy 21 2.1.3. Overview on status of education system and school autonomy in Vietnam 34 2.1.3.1. Structure of Vietnam education system and its actives 34 2.1.3.2. Occupational Education Institutions 37 2.1.3.3. School Autonomy in Vietnam 38 2.1.4. The Factors related to school autonomy 40 2.2. Related Literatures and Studies 42 2.3. Conceptual Framework 45 Chapter III. Methodology 46 3.1. Research design 46 3.2. Determination of sample size 46 3.3. Sampling design and techniques 47 3.4. Subject of the study 47 3.5. Research instrument 47 3.6. Validation of the instrument 48 3.7. Data gathering procedure 48 3.8. Data processing method 49 3.9. Statistical treatment 49 Chapter IV. Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data 50 4.1. Profile of respondents 50 vii Title Page Page 4.2. Assessment of the respondents on the existing level of autonomy on management of Vocational schools in Hanoi city, Vietnam with regard to Identifying of Organizational autonomy, financial autonomy, Staffing autonomy, and Academic autonomy 52 4.2.1. Organizational autonomy in public and private vocational schools in Hanoi city 53 4.2.1.1. Organizational autonomy in public vocational schools 53 4.2.1.2. Organizational autonomy in private vocational schools 57 4.2.1.3. Comparing of Organizational autonomy in public and private vocational schools in Hanoi city 61 4.2.2. Finacial autonomy in public and private vocational schools in Hanoi 66 4.2.2.1. Finacial autonomy in public vocational schools 66 4.2.2.2. Finacial autonomy in private vocational schools 69 4.2.2.3. Compare Finacial autonomy in public and private vocational schools in Hanoi 72 4.2.3. Staffing autonomy in public and private vocational schools in Hanoi 76 4.2.3.1. Staffing autonomy in public vocational schools 76 4.2.3.2. Staffing autonomy in private vocational schools 79 4.2.3.3. Compare Staffing autonomy in public and private vocational schools in Hanoi 82 4.2.4. Academy autonomy in public and private vocational schools in Hanoi 86 4.2.4.1. Academy autonomy in public vocational schools 86 4.2.4.2. Academy autonomy in private vocational schools 89 4.2.4.3. Compare Academy autonomy in public and private vocational schools in Hanoi 92 4.3. The autonomy factors were enjoined much or least of the vocational 96 viii Title Page Page schools as perceived by respondents 4.3.1. Determining importance of Organization autonomy in vocational schools 96 4.3.2. Determining importance of Financial autonomy in vocational schools 98 4.3.3. Determining importance of Staffing autonomy in vocational schools 100 4.3.4. Determining importance of Academy autonomy in vocational schools 102 4.3.5. Sum up of importance of autonomy factors in vocational schools 104 4.4. Factors should be the extent of autonomy on the given indicators that may be spelled out by Private and Public vocational schools. 106 4.5. Testing a significant differences between profile of respondents and their perception on the level of autonomy on management of Vocational schools in Hanoi city, Vietnam 108 Chapter 5. Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations 121 5.1. Summary 121 5.2. Findings 121 5.2.1. Demography 121 5.2.2. The existing level of autonomy on management of vocational schools in Hanoi city 122 5.2.3. The autonomy factors were enjoined much or least of the vocational schools as perceived by respondents 123 5.2.4. Items should be extent of autonomy on the given indicators that may be spelled out by Private and Public vocational schools 124 5.2.5. Testing null hypothesis 124 5.3. Conclusions 125 5.4. Recommendations 126 5.4.1. Solutions to improve the management autonomy in vocational schools 126 ix Title Page Page in Hanoi 5.4.2. Other solutions 128 5.2.3. Planning to support the autonomy to develop the vocational schools 128 Bibliography 130 Appendix A: Questionaire Checklist 136 Appendix B: Raw Data 150 Appendix C: ANOVA Tables 151 Curriculum Vitae 161 x List of Figures Figures Title Page 2.1 Ability to keep a surplus 26 2.2 Ability to sell school-owned real Estate 27 2.3 Overall student numbers 32 2.4 The education system in Vietnam 35 2.5 Research model for assessment of level of autonomy on the management of vocational schools in Hanoi, Vietnam 45 [...]... Composite of Mean Distribution of Responses on the existing level of 4.2.6 autonomy on management of Vocational schools in Hanoi city in terms 73 of to Identifying of Financial autonomy Mean Distribution of Responses on the existing level of autonomy on 4.2.7 management of Public Vocational schools in Hanoi city in terms of to 76 Identifying of Staffing autonomy Mean Distribution of Responses on the existing... existing level of autonomy on 4.2.8 management of Private Vocational schools in Hanoi city in terms of to 79 Identifying of Staffing autonomy Composite of Mean Distribution of Responses on the existing level of 4.2.9 autonomy on management of Vocational schools in Hanoi city in terms 82 of to Identifying of Staffing autonomy Mean Distribution of Responses on the existing level of autonomy on 4.2.10 management. .. terms of to 53 Identifying of Organizational autonomy Mean Distribution of Responses on the existing level of autonomy on 4.2.2 management of Private Vocational schools in Hanoi city in terms of to 57 Identifying of Organizational autonomy Composite of Mean Distribution of Responses on the existing level of 4.2.3 autonomy on management of Vocational schools in Hanoi city in terms 61 of to Identifying of. .. Organizational autonomy Mean Distribution of Responses on the existing level of autonomy on 4.2.4 management of Public Vocational schools in Hanoi city in terms of to Identifying of Financial autonomy 66 xii Table Title Page Mean Distribution of Responses on the existing level of autonomy on 4.2.5 management of Private Vocational schools in Hanoi city in terms of to 69 Identifying of Financial autonomy. .. management of Public Vocational schools in Hanoi city in terms of to 86 Identifying of Academic Mean Distribution of Responses on the existing level of autonomy on 4.2.11 management of Private Vocational schools in Hanoi city in terms of to 89 Identifying of Academic Composite of Mean Distribution of Responses on the existing level of 4.2.12 autonomy on management of Vocational schools in Hanoi city in terms... diversify the training programs, levels of training, and the links among the training programs and levels of training Beside, being lack of the financial resources is one of the main reasons that cause the limitations of the autonomy of the occupational education institutions, especially the autonomy and self - responsibilities for the training quality In addition, the effectiveness of the financial investments... Perception 4.5.4b on the level of autonomy on management of Private Vocational schools in 115 Hanoi city, Vietnam Significant Difference between the Respondent’s Experience and their 4.5.5a Perception on the level of autonomy on management of Public Vocational 116 schools in Hanoi city, Vietnam Significant Difference between the Respondent’s Experience and their 4.5.5b Perception on the level of autonomy on. .. respondent’s working division and their perception on school autonomy in item of Hanoi city Mean Distribution of Responses on the importance of Staffing 4.3.3 autonomy in public vocational schools in Public Vocational schools in 101 Hanoi city Mean Distribution of Responses on the importance of Academic 4.3.4 autonomy in public vocational schools in Public Vocational schools in 103 Hanoi city Composite off Mean... on management of Private Vocational 117 schools in Hanoi city, Vietnam Significant Difference between the Respondent’s working division and their 4.5.6a Perception on the level of autonomy on management of Public Vocational 118 schools in Hanoi city, Vietnam Significant Difference between the Respondent’s working division and their 4.5.6b Perception on the level of autonomy on management of Private Vocational. .. Vocational 110 schools in Hanoi city, Vietnam Significant Difference between the Respondent’s age bracket and their 4.5.2b Perception on the level of autonomy on management of Private Vocational 111 schools in Hanoi city, Vietnam Significant Difference between the Respondent’s Education and their 4.5.3a Perception on the level of autonomy on management of Public Vocational schools in Hanoi city, Vietnam 112 . respondents on the existing level of autonomy on management of Vocational schools in Hanoi city, Vietnam with regard to Identifying of Organizational autonomy, financial autonomy, Staffing autonomy, . Distribution of Responses on the existing level of autonomy on management of Vocational schools in Hanoi city in terms of to Identifying of Financial autonomy 73 4.2.7 Mean Distribution of Responses. existing level of autonomy on management of Vocational schools in Hanoi city in terms of to Identifying of Staffing autonomy 82 4.2.10 Mean Distribution of Responses on the existing level of