V. Gap filling : Choose the word (A, B, C or D) that best fits the blank space. Passage 1: There are three separate sources of hazard in the (1) process of supplying energy by nuclear power. First, the (2) radioactive material must travel from its place of manufacture to the power station. Although the power stations themselves are solidly built, the containers used for the transport of the materials are (3) not. There are normally only two methods of transport (4) available namely road or rail. Unfortunately, both of these (5) involve close contact with the general public since the (6) routes are sure to pass near or even through, heavily (7) populated areas. Second, there is the problem of waste. All nuclear power stations produce wastes that in most cases will (8) remain radioactive for thousands of years. It is impossible to (9) make these wastes no radioactive, and so they must be (10) placed in one of the inconvenient ways that scientists have invented. For examples, they may be buried under the ground, or dropped into abandoned mines or sunk in the sea. However, these methods do not solve the problem, since an earthquake could easily (11) crack the containers open. Third, there is the problem of accidental (12) exposure due to a leak or an explosion at the power station. As with the other two, this is not very likely, so it does not provide a serious objection (13) against the nuclear program. Nevertheless, it can happen. Separately, these three types of risks are a great cause for (14) concern. Taken together, though, the (15) propability of disaster is extremely high. 1. A. procedure B. manner C. technique D. process 2. A. destructive B. radioactive C. explosive D. effective 3. A. not B. neither C. also D. too 4. A. possible B. acceptable C. favorable D. available 5. A. relate B. make C. involve D. require 6. A. streets B. routes C. roads D. ways 7. A. populated B. popular C. inhabited D. living 8. A. continue B. rest C. begin D. remain 9. A. cause B. do C. make D. produce 1 10. A. preserved B. protected C. placed D. stored 11. A. explore B. crack C. cause D. shake 12. A. exposure B. show C. display D. contact 13. A. for B. against C. to D. with 14. A. consideration B. investigation C. examination D. concern 15. A. probability B. ability C. capacity D. opportunity V. Gap filling : When I was sixteen I (1)left school and went to work in a butcher’s shop. The manager was a young man, only a few years older (2) than me, and he was very ambitious, also, he was a bit dishonest. When customers asked (3) for the best steak he would sell them poor-quality beef. He used to do this to young housewives, who if the meat (4) was tough, blamed themselves for not cooking it properly. Sometimes, he did not give the (5) correct change and the customers did not notice. One day, just before Christmas, we decided to close early because we (6) had sold all our meat, except for one small turkey. As I was (7) going to lock the door, a woman rushed in and said that she really had (8) to have a ten-pound turkey. The manager said he (9) would get another one and went to the back of the shop with the turkey. I knew we did not have (10) any more, so I followed him to see (11) what he was going to do. He pulled and stretched the turkey to (12) make it look bigger and then went back (13) and said, “ Here (14) we are, madam. Here is a bigger one.” “Yes, “she said, “ but not (15) much bigger. I’ll take both of them.” 1. A. leave B. had left C. left D. was leaving 2. A. then B. than C. more D. much 3. A. for B. in C. with D. on 4. A. was B. be C. are D. is 5. A. incorrect B. correct C. wrong D. corrected 6. A. having B. have C. had D. are 7. A. go B. on C. gone D. going 8. A. to B. in C. had D. with 9. A. will B. would C. won’t D. shouldn’t 10. A. some B. several C. much D. any 2 11. A. that B. what C. why D. which 12. A. have make B. had made C. make D. made 13. A. then B. and C. much D. but 14. A. they B. he C. we D. she 15. A. much B. more C. many D. several V. Gap filling : George Smith is 40 years old. He has worked is a factory (1) for 30 years. One day he is told that a new machine has been installed which does his job (2) automatically. He is no longer needed. So he has to leave his job – he is made (3) redundant. George has done his (4) best to look for a new job but he keeps getting the same answer – “ No (5) vacancies”. There are no jobs suitable (6) with him within reasonable traveling distance of his home. At his local Job centre he is given a piece of paper to (7) take to the Unemployment Benefit Office. There he is given a card which tells him the day and time each fortnight he must “sign on”. This means he signs a register stating that he is (8) unemployed. His unemployment benefit is sent to him by post every week that he signs on. He (9) cashes the cheque at a post office or bank. If his unemployment benefit is not enough to live (10) on , George can go to the Social Security Office: he may be able to get extra help from there. (11) After some weeks of unemployment, the Job centre tells George about a possible vacancy. The only problem is that if George gets the job, he will have to move to another part of Britain. He is writing to (12) move house but first he has to go for (13) an interview with his prospective employer. It costs money to travel and to move house. George sees some pamphlets in his Job centre. They give him information about help with interview expenses. He also reads about grants and allowances (14) available if he does have to move to another part of the country. George is (15) offered the job at the interview, but he may not be able to take it because the cost of housing in the area is too high. 1. A. in B. for C. by D. on 2. A. automatically B. mechanically C. systematically D. methodically 3. A. unsatisfactory B. inconvenient C. disqualified D. redundant 4. A. ability B. best C. capacity D. most 3 5. A. places B. need C. work D. vacancies 6. A. for B. to C. with D. by 7. A. carry B. take C. bring D. hold 8. A. broke B. poor C. unemployed D. homeless 9. A. cashes B. sends C. receives D. exchanges 10. A. with B. in C. for D. on 11. A. In B. Within C. For D. After 12. A. change B. move C. leave D. sell 13. A. a meeting B. an interview C. a discussion D. a conference 14. A. available B. ready C. free D. essay 15. A. presented B. offered C. donated D. granted V. Gap filling : London has a (1) population of about 6,770,000. It lies on the River Thames, where the Romans landed nearly 2,000 years (2) before. From about 1800 until World War Two, London was the (3) biggest city in the world, but now there are (4) many cities which are much (5) bigger. London is famous (6) for many things. Tourists (7) come from all over the world to visit its historic buildings, such as St. Paul’s Cathedral, (8) which has a huge dome, and the Houses of Parliament, (9) where you can see and hear the famous clock – Big Ben – they also come to visit its theatres, its museums, and its many shops (10) such as Harrods, where you can buy anything. (11) Like many big cities, London has (12) problems with traffic and pollution. Over 1,000,000 people a day use the London Underground but there are still too many cars (13) on the streets. The air isn’t clean, but it is (14) cleaner than it was 100 years ago. Until the Clean Air Act in 1965, London has been famous for its fog or “smog” which is a (15) mixture of smoke and fog. 1. A. proportion B. population C. pollution D. number 2. A. after B. before C. next D. ago 3. A. bigger B. the bigger C. biggest D. the biggest 4. A. many B. a lot C. much D. little 5. A. bigger B. bigger than C. biggest D. the biggest 4 6. A. with B. for C. to D. in spite of 7. A. go B. leave C. come D. travel 8. A. what B. that C. who D. which 9. A. why B. where C. when D. which 10. A. so as B. as follows C. the following D. such as 11. A. Like B. Similar C. The same D. Likely 12. A. advantages B. problems C. good points D. features 13. A. at B. during C. on D. into 14. A. cleaner B. clean C. cleanest D. as clean 15. A. link B connection C. stir D. mixture V. Gap filling : All living things, plant or animal, (1) need vitamins for health, growth, and reproduction. Yet vitamins are not a source of calories and do not (2) contribute significantly to body mass. The plant or animal (3) uses vitamins as tools in processes (4) that regulate chemical activities in the organism and that use basic food elements – carbohydrates, fats, and proteins – to form tissues (5) and to produce energy. Vitamins can be (6) used over and over, and only tiny amounts are needed to replace (7) those that are lost. (8)Unfortunately, most vitamins are essential in the diet because the body does not produce (9) enough of them or, in many cases, does not produce them at all. Thirteen (10) different vitamins have been identified by nutritionists: A, eight B-complex vitamins, C, D, E, and K. (11) Some substances, such as carnitine and choline, behave like vitamins but are made in adequate (12) amounts in the human body. (13) Vitamins were originally placed in categories based on (14) their function in the body and were given letter names. Later, (15) as their chemical structures were revealed, they were also given chemicals names. Today, both naming conventions are used. 1. A. need B. needed C. ask for D. needs 2. A. provide B. have C. contribute D. make 3. A. destroy B. uses C. damage D. make use 4. A. that B. whose C. what D. where 5. A. but B. nor C. thus D. and 6. A. used to B. got used to C. used D. are used 5 7. A. the B. those C. the one D. which 8. A. Unfortunately B. Anyway C. Moreover D. Nevertheless 9. A. any B. enough C. most D. almost 10. A. different B. another C. other D. similar 11. A. Some B. Any C. a lot D. None 12. A. accounts B. qualities C. subjects D. amounts 13. A. Vitamin B. A vitamin C. Vitamins D. People 14. A. their B. its C. our D. the vitamin’s 15. A. before B. as C. because D. although V. Gap filling : (1) Nearly three fourths of the Earth’s surface is covered (2) with water. Perhaps the most important liquid in the world, water is usually easy to get (3) from rain, springs, wells, streams, rivers, ponds, and lakes. It (4) fills the vast ocean beds. (5) As vapor, water is also present in the air, (6) where it often condenses into clouds. The bodies of most living (7) things contain a large proportion of water. For example, water (8) comprises about 60 percent of the weight of the human body. Water is (9) necessary for life. Millions of years ago the first (10) forms of life on earth grew in the sea. Although today many plants and animals are (11) able to live on land, they still need water. This life-sustaining makes up (12) most of the animal blood or plant sap (13) that nourishes living tissues. Used (14) but never used up, water constantly circulates throughout the world. A person taking a drink of (15) water today may be drinking the same water that gave refreshment to a Stone Age man. 1. A.most B. nearly C. more D. each 2. A. with B. in C. on D. without 3. A. for B. rather than C. from D. by 4. A. fills with B. is full of C. fills D. is filled 5. A. As B. Unlike C. Onto D. In 6. A. which B. where C. who D. whose 7. A. plants B. animals C. things D. items 8. A. includes B. consists of C. accounts D. comprises 6 9. A. useless B. urgent C. going D. necessary 10. A. forms B. pictures C. images D. shadows 11. A. can B. able C. about D. happy 12. A. nearly B. all C. most D. almost 13. A. what B. who C. that is D. that 14. A. however B. but C. nor D. except 15. A. water B. the air C. beer D. wine V. Gap filling : THE BURGLARS' FRIEND It was three o’clock in the morning when (36) four-year-old Russell Brown woke up to go to the bathroom. His parents were (37) well asleep in bed. But when he heard a noise in the living room and saw a light was (38) on , he went downstairs. There he (39) found two men. They asked him his name and (40) found him they were friends of the family. Unfortunately, Russell believed them. They asked him where the VCR and TV were. Russell (41) showed them and said they had a stereo and CD player, too. The two men carried these to the kitchen. Russell also told them that his mother (42) kept her wallet in a drawer in the kitchen, so they took that. Russell even (43) gave them his pocket money - 50 cents. They finally left at 4 A.M. They said, “Will you open the back door while we (44) move these things to the car, because we don't want (45) to wake Mommy and Daddy, OK?" So Russell held the door (46) open for them. He then went back to bed. His parents didn't know about the (47) burglary until they got up the next day. His father said, "I couldn't be angry (48) with Russell because he thought he was (49) doing the right thing. " Fortunately, the police (50) trapped the two burglars last week. 36. a) four-years-oldb) four-year-old c) four-old-year d) four-old-years 37. a) slow b) well c) hard d) fast 38. a) in b) at c) on d) up 39. a) found b) watched c) noticed d) recognized 40. a) told b) said c) talked d) asked 41. a) told b) gave c) showed d) offered 7 42. a) put b) placed c) set d) kept 43. a) sent b) sold c) gave d) bought 44. a) take b) keep c) send d) move 45. a) wake b) waking c) to wake d) woke 46. a) closed b) open c) opened d) shut 47. a) theft b) robbery c) shop – lifting d) burglary 48. a) on b) in c) with d) about 49. a) doing b) working c) acting d) getting 50. a) trapped b) took c) killed d) caught V. Gap filling : “ Wasting time is like wasting money” This is the slogan of (36) Time Management Systems. “Most people” says Sam Flowers of TMS, “waste too much (37) time on doing trivial things like finding telephone numbers, looking for (38) pieces of paper on (39) their desks, and walking from one part of a building to another. These can waste hours of your (40) day. Then you haven’t got time for (41) the important things. This applies to both (42) your professional and your personal lives 43) ”. The first step towards managing your time better (44) is keeping a time log. In a time log you record everything (45) that you do during the day. Then you calculate how much .(46) time you spent on (47) each thing -traveling, telephoning, eating, chatting, washing, writing (48) letters, etc .”When they do a time log”, says Sam Flower. Most people are amazed (49) at how (50) much time they waste. (36). A.in B. of C. on D. with (37). A. much B. many C. some D. any (38). A. in B. at C. for D. into (39). A. in B. on C. under D. of (40). A. your B. my C. her D. his (41). A. in B. on C. for D. about (42). A. two B. both C. second D. twice (43). A. lives B. work C. career D. life (44). A. better B. good C. best D. gooder (45). A. somethings B. anything C. everything D. thing 8 (46). A. much B. many C .some D. any (47). A. in B. of C. with D. on (48). A. writes B. writing C. to write D. write (49). A. amaze B. amazed C. to amaze D. amazing (50). A. what B. which C. how D.that V. Gap filling : When I was sixteen I (36)_________school and went to work in a butcher’s shop. The manager was a young man, only a few years older (37)_________me, and he was very ambitious, also, he was a bit dishonest. When customers asked (38)________the best steak he would sell them poor-quality beef. He used to do this to young housewives, who if the meat (39)________ tough, blamed themselves for not cooking it properly. Sometimes, he did not give the (40)________change and the customers did not notice. One day, just before Christmas, we decided to close early because we (41)________ sold all our meat, except for one small turkey. As I was (42)_________to lock the door, a woman rushed in and said that she really had (43)_________have a ten-pound turkey. The manager said he (44)________get another one and went to the back of the shop with the turkey. I knew we did not have (45)__________ more, so I followed him to see (46)_____________he was going to do. He pulled and stretched the turkey to (47)___________ it look bigger and then went back (48)____________said, “ Here (49)_____________ are, madam. Here is a bigger one.” “Yes, “she said, “ but not (50)___________bigger. I’ll take both of them.” 36. A. leave B. had left C. left D. was leaving 37. A. then B. than C. more D. much 38. A. for B. in C. with D. on 39. A. was B. be C. are D. is 40. A. incorrect B. correct C. wrong D. corrected 41. A. having B. have C. had D. are 42. A. go B. on C. gone D. going 43. A. to B. in C. had D. with 44. A. will B. would C. won’t D. shouldn’t 45. A. some B. several C. much D. any 9 46. A. that B. what C. why D. which 47. A. have make B. had made C. make D. made 48. A. then B. and C. much D. but 49. A. they B. he C. we D. she 50. A. much B. more C. many D. several 10 . caught V. Gap filling : “ Wasting time is like wasting money” This is the slogan of (36) Time Management Systems. “Most people” says Sam Flowers of TMS, “waste too much (37) time on doing trivial things. work C. career D. life (44). A. better B. good C. best D. gooder (45). A. somethings B. anything C. everything D. thing 8 (46). A. much B. many C .some D. any (47). A. in B. of C. with D. on (48) things. This applies to both (42) your professional and your personal lives 43) ”. The first step towards managing your time better (44) is keeping a time log. In a time log you record everything