recognition 256 reduce admit something that has gone wrong or is bad ć I recognise that we should have acted earlier. 3. to approve of some- thing or someone officially ć The lan- guage school has been recognised by the Ministry of Education. ć She is rec- ognised as an expert in the field of ge- netics. 4. to express praise for some- thing which has been done ć They rec- ognised her years of service. recognition recognition /rekə  nʃ(ə)n/ noun praise expressed for something that someone has done ć In recognition of his services he was given a watch. recommend recommend /rekə  mend/ verb 1. to tell someone that it would be good to do something ć I would recommend that you talk to the bank manager. ć This restaurant was recommended by a friend. 2. to praise something or some- one ć She was highly recommended by her boss. ć I certainly would not recom- mend Miss Smith for the job. ć Can you recommend a good hotel in Amsterdam? record record 1 /rekɔd/ noun 1. a success in sport which is better than any other per- formance ć She holds the world record for the 100 metres. ć He broke the world record or he set up a new world record at the last Olympics. ć The college team is trying to set a new record for eating tins of beans. 2. written evidence of something which has happened ć We have no record of the sale. 3. a flat round piece of usually black plastic on which sound is stored ć She bought me an old Elvis Presley record for Christ- mas. ć Burglars broke into his flat and stole his record collection. ȣ off the record in private and not to be made public ć She spoke off the record about her marriage. record record 2 /r  kɔd/ verb 1. to report some- thing or to make a note of something ć First, I have to record the sales, then I’ll post the parcels. 2. to put sounds or im- ages onto something such as a film, tape or disc ć The police recorded the whole conversation on a hidden tape-recorder. ć This song has been badly recorded. recorder recorder /r  kɔdə/ noun 1. an instru- ment which records sound ć My tape re- corder doesn’t work, so I can’t record the concert. 2. a musical instrument that you play by blowing ć Like most chil- dren, I learnt to play the recorder at school. recording recording /r  kɔdŋ/ noun 1. the action of putting sounds or images onto some- thing such as a film, tape or disc ć the recording of a video ć The recording session starts at 3pm. 2. music or speech which has been recorded ć Did you know there was a new recording of the concerto? recover recover /r  kvə/ verb 1. to feel healthy again after being ill ć Has she recovered from her operation? 2. to get back something which has been lost or stolen ć You must work much harder if you want to recover the money you invested in your business. ć She’s trying to re- cover damages from the driver of the car. recovery recovery /r  kv(ə)ri/ noun 1. the proc- ess of becoming healthy again after be- ing ill ć She made a quick recovery and is now back at work. 2. the act of getting back something which has been lost or stolen ć The TV programme led to the recovery of all the stolen goods. ć We are aiming for the complete recovery of the money invested. recreation recreation /rekri  eʃ(ə)n/ noun enjoy- able activities that people do for fun ć The park is used for sport and recrea- tion. rectangle rectangle /rektŋəl/ noun a shape with four sides and right angles at the corners, with two long sides and two short sides recycle recycle /ri  sak(ə)l/ verb to process waste material so that it can be used again red red /red/ adjective coloured like the col- our of blood ć She turned bright red when we asked her what had happened to the money. ć Don’t start yet – the traffic lights are still red. í noun a col- our like the colour of blood ć I would like a darker red for the door. ć Don’t start yet – the traffic lights are still on red. reduce reduce /r  djus/ verb to make some- thing smaller or less ć The police are Basic.fm Page 256 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com reduction 257 regard fighting to reduce traffic accidents. ć Prices have been reduced by 15 per cent. ć I’d like to reduce the size of the photograph so that we can use it as a Christmas card. reduction reduction /r  dkʃən/ noun the act of making something smaller in size or number ć Price reductions start on 1st August. ć The company was forced to make job reductions. reef reef /rif/ noun a long line of rocks just above or below the surface of the sea ć The yacht hit a reef and sank. refer refer /r  f/ verb 1. to be about some- thing or someone ć Do you think he was referring to me when he said some staff would have to leave? 2. to look into something for information ć He re- ferred to his diary to see if he had a free afternoon. 3. to pass a problem to some- one to decide ć We have referred your complaint to our head office. ć He was referred to an ear specialist by his GP. (NOTE: refers – referring – referred) referee referee /refə  ri/ noun ( in sports ) a per- son who makes sure that a game is played according to the rules ć When fighting broke out between the players, the referee stopped the match. ć The ref- eree sent several players off. reference reference /ref(ə)rəns/ noun an act of mentioning something or someone ć She made a reference to her brother-in- law. ć The report made no reference to the bank. ȣ with reference to concern- ing something ć With reference to your letter of May 25th. refill refill 1 /ri  fl/ verb to fill a container that has become empty ć The waiter refilled our glasses. ć We stopped twice to refill the car on the way to Scotland. refill refill 2 /rifl/ noun another amount of a drink that you have finished ć Your glass is empty – can I get you a refill? reflect reflect /r  flekt/ verb to send back light, heat or an image of something ć a pic- ture of snow-capped mountains reflect- ed in a clear blue lake ć The light re- flected on the top of the car. ć White surfaces reflect light better than dark ones. reform reform /r  fɔm/ noun the act of chang- ing something in order to make it better ć The government is planning a series of reforms to the benefit system. í verb 1. to change something in order to make it better ć They want to reform the edu- cational system. 2. to stop committing crimes, or to stop having bad habits and to become good ć After her time in pris- on she became a reformed character. ć He used to drink a lot, but since he got married he has reformed. refreshing refreshing /r  freʃŋ/ adjective some- thing which is refreshing makes you feel fresh or full of energy again ć I had a refreshing drink of cold water. ć A re- freshing shower of rain cooled the air. refrigerator refrigerator /r  frdəretə/ noun an electrical machine used in the kitchen for keeping food and drink cold ć There’s some orange juice in the refrig- erator. (NOTE: often called a fridge) refugee refugee /refjυ  di/ noun a person who has left his or her country because of war or because the government did not like allow his or her religious or politi- cal beliefs refusal refusal /r  fjuz(ə)l/ noun an act of say- ing that you do not accept something ć His refusal to help was unexpected. ć Did you accept? – no! I sent a letter of refusal. refuse refuse 1 /r  fjuz/ verb 1. to say that you will not do something ć His father re- fused to lend him any more money. ć He asked for permission to see his family, but it was refused. 2. ˽ the car refused to start the car would not start ć Once again this morning the car refused to start. refuse refuse 2 /refjus/ noun rubbish and things which are not wanted ć Please put all refuse in the bin. ć Refuse collec- tion on our road is on Thursdays. (NOTE: no plural) regard regard /r  ɑd/ noun 1. care or concern for something ć She had no regard for the safety of her children. 2. an opinion of someone ć He is held in high regard by his staff. 3. ˽ regards best wishes ć She sends her (kind) regards. ć Please give my regards to your mother. í verb to have an opinion about someone ć She Basic.fm Page 257 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com region 258 relation is highly regarded by the manager. ȣ as regards relating to ć As regards the cost of the trip, I’ll let you know soon what the final figure is. ȣ with regard to relating to ć With regard to your re- quest for extra funds. region region /ridən/ noun a large area of a country ć The South-West region is well known for its apples. regional regional /rid(ə)nəl/ adjective relating to a region ć The recession has not af- fected the whole country – it is only re- gional. ć After the national news, here is the regional news for the South West. register register /redstə/ noun 1. a list of names ć I can’t find your name in the register. ć His name was struck off the register. 2. a book in which you sign your name ć Please sign the hotel reg- ister when you check in. í verb to write a name officially in a list ć If you don’t register, we won’t be able to get in touch with you. ć Babies have to be registered with the registrar as soon as they are born. regret regret /r  ret/ noun the feeling of being sorry that something has happened ć I have absolutely no regrets about what we did. í verb to be sorry that some- thing has happened ć I regret to say that you were not successful. ć I regret the trouble this has caused you. ć We regret the delay in the arrival of our flight from Amsterdam. (NOTE: regrets – regret- ting – regretted) regular regular /rejυlə/ adjective 1. done at the same time each day ć His regular train is the 12.45. ć The regular flight to Athens leaves at 06.00. 2. usual or standard ć The regular price is £1.25, but we are offering them at 99p. regularly regularly /rejυləli/ adverb on most occasions ć She is regularly the first person to arrive at the office each morn- ing. regulation regulation /rejυ  leʃ(ə)n/ noun an of- ficial rule about how to do something ć safety regulations í plural noun regu- lations laws or rules controlling some- thing ć The restaurant broke the fire regulations. ć Safety regulations were not being properly followed. rehearsal rehearsal /r  hs(ə)l/ noun a practice of a play or concert before the first pub- lic performance reign reign /ren/ noun a period when a king, queen or emperor rules ć during the reign of Elizabeth I í verb to rule ć Queen Victoria reigned between 1837 and 1901. ć She reigned during a peri- od of great prosperity. (NOTE: Do not confuse with rain.) reject reject 1 /r  dekt/ verb 1. to refuse to ac- cept something ć She rejected my sug- gestion that we changed our plans. ć The proposals for the new project were rejected. 2. to refuse to accept some- thing because it is not satisfactory ć Poles shorter than the standard size are rejected. reject reject 2 /ridekt/ noun something which is not accepted because it is not satisfactory relate relate /r  let/ verb 1. to be concerned with something ć The regulations relate to the movement of boats in the harbour. 2. to tell a story ć It took him half an hour to relate what had happened. related to related to /r  letd tυ/ adjective 1. be- longing to the same family as ć Are you related to the Smith family in London Road? 2. connected in some way with ć The disease is related to the weakness of the heart muscle. ć There are several related items on the agenda. relating to relating to /r  letŋ tu/ adverb relat- ing to or connected with ć documents relating to the sale of the house relation relation /r  leʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. a member of a family ć All my relations live in Canada. ć Laura’s no relation of mine, she’s just a friend. 2. a link between two things ć Is there any relation between his appointment as MD and the fact that his uncle owns the business? ˽ in rela- tion to relating to or connected with ć Documents in relation to the sale. í plu- ral noun relations the way that people or organizations behave towards each other ć We try to maintain good rela- tions with our customers. ć Relations between the two countries have become tense. Basic.fm Page 258 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com relationship 259 remarkably relationship relationship /r  leʃ(ə)nʃp/ noun 1. a close friendship, especially one in which two people are involved in a ro- mantic or sexual way with each other ć She decided to end the relationship when she found he had been seeing oth- er women. 2. the way that people or or- ganizations behave towards each other ć We try to have a good working rela- tionship with our staff. 3. a link or con- nection ć There is a proven relationship between smoking and lung cancer. relative relative /relətv/ noun a person who is related to someone ć We have several relatives living in Canada. ć He has no living relatives. relatively relatively /relətvli/ adverb to some ex- tent ć The children have been relatively free from colds this winter. ć We are dealing with a relatively new company. relax relax /r  lks/ verb to rest from work or to be less tense ć They spent the first week of their holiday relaxing on the beach. ć Guests can relax in the bar be- fore going to eat in the restaurant. ć Just lie back and relax – the injection won’t hurt. relaxed relaxed /r  lkst/ adjective not upset or nervous ć Even if he failed his test, he’s still very relaxed about the whole thing. relaxing relaxing /r  lksŋ/ adjective which makes you less tense release release /r  lis/ verb 1. to stop holding something, or to stop keeping someone prisoner ć Pull that lever to release the brakes. ć The hostages were released last night. 2. to make something public ć The government has released figures about the number of people out of work. relevant relevant /reləv(ə)nt/ adjective if some- thing is relevant, it has something to do with the thing being mentioned ć Which is the relevant government department? ć Can you give me the relevant papers? ć Is this information at all relevant? reliable reliable /r  laəb(ə)l/ adjective which can be relied on or which can be trusted ć It is a very reliable car. ć The sales manager is completely reliable. relief relief /r  lif/ noun 1. the pleasant feeling you get when pain has stopped or when you are no longer nervous or worried ć An aspirin should bring relief. ć He breathed a sigh of relief when the police car went past without stopping. ć What a relief to have finished my exams! 2. help for people in a difficult or danger- ous situation ć The Red Cross is organ- ising relief for the flood victims. relieved relieved /r  livd/ adjective glad to be rid of a problem religion religion /r  ldən/ noun a belief in gods or in one God ć Does their religion help them to lead a good life? ć It is against my religion to eat meat on Fridays. religious religious /rə  ldəs/ adjective relating to religion ć There is a period of reli- gious study every morning. reluctant reluctant /r  lktənt/ adjective not will- ing to do something ć He seemed reluc- tant to help. reluctantly reluctantly /r  lktəntli/ adverb not willingly rely rely verb rely on phrasal verb to believe or know that something will happen or that someone will do something ć We can rely on him to finish the work on time. ć Can these machines be relied on? remain remain /r  men/ verb 1. to continue to be in a particular place or state, with no changes ć We expect it will remain fine for the rest of the week. ć She remained behind at the office to finish her work. 2. to be left ć Half the food remained un- eaten and had to be thrown away. ć Af- ter the accident not much remained of the car. remainder remainder /r  mendə/ noun what is left after everything else has gone ć What shall we do for the remainder of the holidays? remark remark /r  mɑk/ noun something that someone says ć I heard his remark even if he spoke in a low voice. í verb to no- tice and comment on ć She remarked on how dirty the café was. remarkable remarkable /r  mɑkəb(ə)l/ adjective very unusual ć She’s a remarkable woman. ć It’s remarkable that the bank has not asked us to pay back the money. remarkably remarkably /r  mɑkəbli/ adverb to an unusually great degree, or in an unusual way ć She remained remarkably calm. Basic.fm Page 259 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com remedy 260 replacement remedy remedy /remədi/ noun a thing which may cure an illness or may solve a prob- lem ć It’s an old remedy for hayfever. remember remember /r  membə/ verb to bring back into your mind something which you have seen or heard before ć Do you remember when we got lost in the fog? ć My grandmother can remember see- ing the first television programmes. ć She can’t remember where she put her umbrella. ć I don’t remember having been in this hotel before. ć I remember my grandmother very well. ć Did you remember to switch off the kitchen light? (NOTE: You remember doing something which you did in the past; you remember to do something in the future.) remind remind /r  mand/ verb to make some- one remember something ć Now that you’ve reminded me, I do remember see- ing him last week. ć Remind me to book the tickets for New York. ć She remind- ed him that the meeting had to finish at 6.30. remote remote /r  məυt/ adjective 1. far away from towns and places where there are lots of people ć The hotel is situated in a remote mountain village. 2. not very likely ć There’s a remote chance of finding a cure for his illness. ć The pos- sibility of him arriving on time is re- mote. (NOTE: remoter – remotest) remote control remote control /r  məυt kən  trəυl/ noun a small piece of electronic equip- ment which you use for controlling something such as a TV or CD player from a distance remotely remotely /r  məυtli/ adverb 1. very slightly, or not even very slightly ć I’m not remotely interested in meeting him. 2. at a great distance from a town ć a re- motely situated farm 3. without direct physical contact ć They were able to set the controls remotely. removal removal /r  muv(ə)l/ noun 1. taking something or someone away ć the re- moval of the ban on importing comput- ers ć Refuse collectors are responsible for the removal of household waste. ć The opposition called for the removal of the Foreign Secretary. 2. the act of mov- ing to a new home, new office, etc. ć a removal van remove remove /r  muv/ verb to take some- thing away ć You can remove his name from the mailing list. ć The waitress re- moved the dirty plates and brought us some tea. renowned renowned /r  naυnd/ adjective known and admired by many people ć the re- nowned Italian conductor ć Rome is re- nowned as the centre of Catholicism. rent rent /rent/ noun money paid to live in a flat or house or to use an office or car ć Rents are high in the centre of the town. ć The landlord asked me to pay three months’ rent in advance. í verb to pay money to use a house, flat, office or car ć He rents an office in the centre of town. ć He rented a villa by the beach for three weeks. repair repair /r  peə/ verb to make something work which is broken or damaged ć I dropped my watch on the pavement, and I don’t think it can be repaired. ć She’s trying to repair the washing machine. ć The photocopier is being repaired. í noun the act of making something which is broken or damaged work again ć His car is in the garage for repair. ć The hotel is closed while they are carry- ing out repairs to the kitchens. repeat repeat /r  pit/ verb to say something again ć Could you repeat what you just said? ć He repeated the address so that the policeman could write it down. ć She kept on repeating that she wanted to go home. repeatedly repeatedly /r  pitdli/ adverb very many times, often so many that it is an- noying replace replace /r  ples/ verb to put something back where it was before ć Please re- place the books correctly on the shelves. replacement replacement /r  plesmənt/ noun 1. a thing which is used to replace some- thing ć An electric motor was bought as a replacement for the old one. 2. the act of replacing something with something else ć The mechanics recommended the replacement of the hand pump with an electric model. Basic.fm Page 260 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com replicate 261 research replicate replicate /replket/ verb to do or make something in exactly the same way as before reply reply /r  pla/ noun 1. an answer, espe- cially to a letter or telephone call ć We wrote last week, but haven’t had a reply yet. ć We had six replies to our adver- tisement. (NOTE: The plural is replies.) 2. ˽ in reply as an answer ć In reply to my letter, I received a fax two days later. ć She just shook her head in reply and turned away. í verb to give or send an answer to something such as a message or letter ć He never replies to my letters. ć We wrote last week, but he hasn’t re- plied yet. ć He refused to reply to ques- tions until his lawyer arrived. (NOTE: re- plies – replying – replied) report report /r  pɔt/ noun a description of what has happened or what will happen ć We read the reports of the accident in the newspaper. ć Can you confirm the report that the council is planning to sell the old town hall? í verb to go somewhere officially, or to say that you have arrived somewhere ć to report for work ć Candidates should report to the office at 9.00. reporter reporter /r  pɔtə/ noun a journalist who writes reports of events for a news- paper or for a TV news programme represent represent /repr  zent/ verb 1. to speak or act on behalf of someone or of a group of people ć He asked his solicitor to represent him at the meeting. 2. to mean something, or to be a symbol of something g ć The dark green on the map represents woods. representative representative /repr  zentətv/ ad- jective typical of all the people or things in a group ć The sample isn’t represent- ative of the whole batch. í noun a per- son who represents, who speaks on be- half of someone else ć He asked his so- licitor to act as his representative. ć Representatives of the workforce have asked to meet the management. reproduce reproduce /riprə  djus/ verb to make a copy of something ć His letters have been reproduced in the biography. ć It is very difficult to reproduce the sound of an owl accurately. reptile reptile /reptal/ noun a cold-blooded animal which has skin covered with scales and which lays eggs republic republic /r  pblk/ noun a system of government in which elected represent- atives have power and the leader is an elected or nominated president ć France is a republic while Spain is a monarchy. reputation reputation /repjυ  teʃ(ə)n/ noun an opinion that people have of someone ć He has a reputation for being difficult to deal with. ć His bad reputation won’t help him find a suitable job. request request /r  kwest/ noun asking for something ć Your request will be dealt with as soon as possible. í verb to ask for something politely or formally ć I am enclosing the leaflets you requested. ć Guests are requested to leave their keys at reception. ȣ on request if asked for ć ‘catalogue available on re- quest’ require require /r  kwaə/ verb to need some- thing ć The disease requires careful nursing. ć Writing the program requires a computer specialist. required required /r  kwaəd/ adjective which must be done or provided ć We can cut the wood to the required length. ć We can’t reply because we don’t have the required information. requirement requirement /r  kwaəmənt/ noun what is necessary ć It is a requirement of the job that you should be able to drive. rescue rescue /reskju/ verb to save someone from a dangerous or difficult situation ć When the river flooded, the party of tourists had to be rescued by helicopter. ć The company nearly collapsed, but was rescued by the bank. í noun the ac- tion of saving someone or something in a difficult or dangerous situation ć No one could swim well enough to go to her rescue. research research /r  stʃ/ noun scientific study which tries to find out facts ć The com- pany is carrying out research to find a cure for colds. ć The research laborato- ry has come up with encouraging re- sults. ć Our researches proved that the Basic.fm Page 261 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com resent 262 responsibility letter was a forgery. í verb to study something in order to find out facts ć Research your subject thoroughly be- fore you start writing about it. resent resent /r  zent/ verb to feel annoyed be- cause of something that you think is un- fair ć She resents having to do other people’s work. resentment resentment /r  zentmənt/ noun the feeling of being angry and upset about something that someone else has done ć The decision caused a lot of resentment among local people. reservation reservation /rezə  veʃ(ə)n/ noun the act of booking something, e.g. a seat or table ć I want to make a reservation on the train to Plymouth tomorrow evening. reserve reserve /r  zv/ verb to book a seat or a table ć I want to reserve a table for four people. ć Can you reserve two seats for me for the evening performance? ć We’re very busy this evening. Have you reserved? í noun an amount kept back in case it is needed in the future ć Our reserves of coal were used up during the winter. ȣ in reserve waiting to be used ć We’re keeping the can of petrol in re- serve. reservoir reservoir /rezəvwɑ/ noun a large, usually artificial, lake where drinking water is kept for supplying a city resident resident /rezd(ə)nt/ noun a person who lives in a place, e.g. a country or a hotel ć You need an entry permit if you’re not a resident of the country. ć Only residents are allowed to park their cars here. í adjective who lives perma- nently in a place ć There is a resident caretaker. resign resign /r  zan/ verb to give up a job ć He resigned with effect from July 1st. ć She has resigned (her position) as fi- nance director. resist resist /r  zst/ verb to oppose or fight against something ć He resisted all at- tempts to make him sell the house. ć Bands of guerrillas resisted doggedly in the mountains. ć They resisted the ene- my attacks for two weeks. resistance resistance /r  zstəns/ noun opposition to or fighting against something ć The patients had no resistance to disease. ć Skiers crouch down low to minimise wind resistance. ć There was a lot of re- sistance to the new plan from the local residents. resolve resolve /r  zɒlv/ ( formal ) verb to strong- ly decide to do something ć We all re- solved to avoid these mistakes next time. í noun a strong decision to do some- thing ć The head teacher encouraged him in his resolve to go to university. resource resource /r  zɔs/ noun a source of sup- ply for what is needed or used ć finan- cial resources ć The country is rich in oil, minerals and other natural resourc- es. respect respect /r  spekt/ noun admiration for someone ć No one deserves more re- spect than her mother for the way she coped with the bad news. ć He showed very little respect for his teacher. í verb to admire someone, especially because of his or her achievements or status ć Everyone respected her for what she did. respectable respectable /r  spektəb(ə)l/ adjective considered by people to be good, and deserving to be respected ć She’s mar- rying a very respectable young engi- neer. ć I don’t want to bring up my chil- dren here, it is not a respectable area. respond respond /r  spɒnd/ verb 1. to give a re- ply ć She shouted at him, but he didn’t respond. 2. to show that you like or ap- prove of something ć I hope the public will respond to our new advertisement. ć The government has responded to pressure from industry. response response /r  spɒns/ noun something that you do or say as a reaction to some- thing ć There was no response to our call for help. ć The changes provoked an angry response from customers. ˽ in response to something as an answer or reaction to something ć In response to the United Nations’ request for aid, the government has sent blankets and tents. responsibility responsibility /r  spɒns  blti/ noun 1. the position of someone who must look after or deal with something ć The management accepts no responsibility for customers’ property. ć There is no responsibility on his part for the poor Basic.fm Page 262 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com responsible 263 return results. ć Who should take responsibili- ty for the students’ welfare? 2. some- thing that someone is responsible for responsible responsible /r  spɒnsb(ə)l/ adjective 1. looking after something and so likely to be blamed if something goes wrong ć He is not responsible for the restaurant next door to his hotel. ć Customers are responsible for all breakages. ć He is responsible for a class of 25 children. ˽ responsible to someone under the au- thority of someone ć She’s directly re- sponsible to the sales manager. 2. ( of a person ) reliable and able to be trusted to be sensible rest rest /rest/ noun 1. a period of being quiet and peaceful, being asleep or doing nothing ć All you need is a good night’s rest and you’ll be fine again tomorrow. ć We took a few minutes’ rest and start- ed running again. ć I’m having a well- earned rest after working hard all week. 2. what is left ć Here are the twins, but where are the rest of the children? ć I drank most of the milk and the cat drank the rest. ć Throw the rest of the food away – it will go bad. (NOTE: Rest takes a singular verb when it refers to a singular: Here’s the rest of the milk ; Where’s the rest of the string? The rest of the money has been lost . It takes a plural verb when it refers to a plural: Here are the rest of the children ; Where are the rest of the chairs? The rest of the books have been lost .) í verb 1. to spend time relaxing or not us- ing energy ć Don’t disturb your father – he’s resting. ć They ran for ten miles, rested for a few minutes, and then ran on again. 2. to lean something against something ć She rested her bike against the wall. restaurant restaurant /rest(ə)rɒnt/ noun a place where you can buy and eat a meal ć I don’t want to stay at home tonight – let’s go out to the Italian restaurant in the High Street. ć She’s was waiting for me at the restaurant. restful restful /restf(ə)l/ adjective which makes you feel calm and relaxed restless restless /restləs/ adjective too nerv- ous, worried or full of energy to keep still restore restore /r  stɔ/ verb to repair something and make it seem new again ć The old house has been restored and is now open to the public. restrain restrain /r  stren/ verb to prevent or try to stop someone doing something ć It took six policemen to restrain him. ˽ to restrain yourself to keep your temper under control ć Next time, I won’t re- strain myself: I’ll tell him exactly what I think of him. restrict restrict /r  strkt/ verb to limit someone or something ć You are restricted to two bottles per person. result result /r  zlt/ noun 1. something which happens because of something else ć What was the result of the police inves- tigation? ˽ as a result (of something) because of something ć There was a traffic jam and as a result, she missed her plane. 2. the final score in a game, the final marks in an exam, etc. ć She isn’t pleased with her exam results. ć I had great fun making the rug but I’m only partly happy with the result. ć He listened to the football results on the ra- dio. retire retire /r  taə/ verb 1. to stop work and take a pension ć He will retire from his job as manager next April. ć She’s retir- ing this year. 2. to make an employee stop work and take a pension ć They de- cided to retire all staff over 50. retreat retreat /r  trit/ verb to pull back from a battle ć Napoleon retreated from Mos- cow in 1812. í noun the act of pulling back an army from a battle ć The ar- my’s retreat was swift and unexpected. return return /r  tn/ noun 1. the act of going or coming back to a place ć It snowed on the day of her return from Canada. ć I’ll come and see you on my return. 2. the key on a keyboard which you press when you have finished keying some- thing, or when you want to start a new line ć To change directory, type C: and press return. í verb 1. to come back or go back ć When she returned from lunch she found two messages waiting for her. ć When do you plan to return to Paris? 2. to give or send something back ć The letter was returned to the sender. ȣ many happy returns of the day Basic.fm Page 263 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com reveal 264 rhythm greetings said to someone on his or her birthday reveal reveal /r  vil/ verb to show or mention something which was hidden ć He re- vealed his ignorance about cars. ć An unexpected fault was revealed during the test. ć The X-ray revealed a brain tumour. revenge revenge /r  vend/ noun the act of pun- ishing someone in return for harm he or she has caused you ć They attacked the police station in revenge for the arrest of three members of the gang. ć All the time he spent in prison, his only thought was of revenge. ć He had his revenge in the end, when her car broke down and she had to phone for help. reverse reverse /r  vs/ adjective opposite to the front ć The reverse side of the carpet is made of foam rubber. ć The condi- tions are printed on the reverse side of the invoice. ˽ in reverse order back- wards ć They called out the names of the prize-winners in reverse order. í noun 1. the opposite side ć Didn’t you read what was on the reverse of the la- bel? 2. a car gear which makes you go backwards ć Put the car into reverse and back very slowly into the garage. ć The car’s stuck in reverse! í verb 1. to make something do the opposite ć The page order was reversed by mistake. ć Don’t try to reverse the trend, go along with it. 2. to make a car go backwards ć Reverse as far as you can, then go for- ward. ć Be careful not to reverse into that lamppost. review review /r  vju/ noun 1. written com- ments on something, e.g. a book, play or film, published in a newspaper or maga- zine ć Did you read the review of her latest film in today’s paper? ć His book got some very good reviews. 2. a month- ly or weekly magazine which contains articles of general interest ć His first short story appeared in a Scottish liter- ary review. 3. an examination of several things together ć The company’s annu- al review of each department’s perform- ance. í verb 1. to read a book, see a film, etc., and write comments about it in a newspaper or magazine ć Her exhi- bition was reviewed in today’s paper. ć Whoever reviewed her latest book, obvi- ously didn’t like it. 2. to examine some- thing in a general way ć The bank will review our overdraft position at the end of the month. ć Let’s review the situa- tion in the light of the new develop- ments. 3. US to study a lesson again ć You must review your geography before the exam. revise revise /r  vaz/ verb 1. to study a lesson again ć There isn’t enough time to re- vise before the exam. ć I’m revising for my history test. 2. to change something or make something correct ć He is re- vising the speech he is due to give this evening. ć These figures will have to be revised, there seems to be a mistake. revision revision /r  v(ə)n/ noun the action of revising something revolting revolting /r  vəυltŋ/ adjective ex- tremely unpleasant, often so unpleasant as to make you feel ill ć a revolting smell revolution revolution /revə  luʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. a vi- olent attempt to get rid of a government or ruler ć He led an unsuccessful revo- lution against the last president. 2. a change in the way things are done ć a revolution in data processing reward reward /r  wɔd/ noun money given to someone for work done or as a prize for finding something, or for information about something ć When she took the purse she had found to the police station she got a £25 reward. ć He is not inter- ested in money – the Olympic gold med- al will be reward enough. í verb to give someone money as a prize for finding something, or for doing something ć He was rewarded for finding the box of pa- pers. ć All her efforts were rewarded when she won first prize. rhyme rhyme /ram/ noun the way in which some words end in the same sound ć Can you think of a rhyme for ‘taught’? í verb ˽ to rhyme with something to end with the same sound as another word ć ‘Mr’ rhymes with ‘sister’ rhythm rhythm /rð(ə)m/ noun a strong regular beat in music or poetry ć They stamped their feet to the rhythm of the music. Basic.fm Page 264 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com