lazy jack glass fabric) in the mold prior to impregnation lead-in groove [ DES ENG ] A blank spiral groove at the outside edge of a disk recording, generallywith resin. { la ¯ əp} lazy jack [ ENG ] A device that accommodates of a pitch much greater than that of the recorded grooves, provided to bring the pickup styluschanges in length of a pipeline or similar struc- ture through the motion of two linked bell quickly to the first recorded groove. Also known as lead-in spiral. { le ¯ din gru ¨ v}cranks. { la ¯ иze ¯ jak } lb See pound. leading truck [ MECH ENG ] A swiveling frame with wheels under the front end of a locomotive. lb ap See pound. lb apoth See pound. { le ¯ dиiŋtrək} lead-in spiral See lead-in groove. { le ¯ din spı ¯ и lbf See pound. lbf-ft See foot-pound. rəl} lead joint [ ENG ] A pipe joint made by caulking lb t See pound. lb tr See pound. with lead wool or molten lead. { led jo ˙ int } lead-lag network [ CONT SYS ] Compensating LCA See life-cycle assessment. LCD See liquid crystal display. network which combines the characteristics of the lag and lead networks, and in which the LCL See less-than-carload. L/D ratio [ ENG ] Length to diameter ratio, a fre- phase of a sinusoidal response lags a sinusoidal input at low frequencies and leads it at highquently used engineering relationship. { elde ¯ ra ¯ иsho ¯ } frequencies. Also known as lag-lead network. { le ¯ d lag netwərk } leaching [ CHEM ENG ] The dissolving, by a liq- uid solvent, of soluble material from its mixture lead line See sounding line. { led lı ¯ n} with an insoluble solid; leaching is an industrial lead lining [ ENG ] Lead sheeting used to line the separation operation based on mass transfer; inside surfaces of liquid-storage vessels and examples are the washing of a soluble salt from process equipment to prevent corrosion. { led the surface of an insoluble precipitate, and the lı ¯ nиiŋ } extraction of sugar from sugarbeets. { le ¯ chиiŋ } lead network See derivative network. { le ¯ d lead [ DES ENG ] The distance that a screw will netwərk } advance or move into a nut in one complete turn. lead-out groove [ DES ENG ] A blank spiral [ ELEC ] A wire used to connect two points in groove at the end of a disk recording, generally a circuit. [ ENG ] A mass of lead attached to of a pitch much greater than that of the recorded a line, as used for sounding at sea. { led } grooves, connected to either the locked or eccen- lead angle [ DES ENG ] The angle that the tan- tric groove. Also known as throw-out spiral. gent to a helix makes with the plane normal to { le ¯ dau ˙ t gru ¨ v} the axis of the helix. { le ¯ d aŋиgəl} lead-over groove [ DES ENG ] A groove cut be- lead-chamber process [ CHEM ENG ] A process tween separate selections or sections on a disk for the preparation of impure or dilute (60–78) recording to transfer the pickup stylus from one sulfuric acid; sulfur dioxide is oxidized by moist cut to the next. Also known as cross-over spiral. air with nitrogen oxide catalysts in a series of { le ¯ do ¯ иvər gru ¨ v} lead-lined chambers, the Gay-Lussac tower and lead rail [ CIV ENG ] In an ordinary rail switch, the Glover tower; used primarily in the manufac- the turnout rail lying between the rails of the ture of fertilizer. { led cha ¯ mиbər pra ¨ иsəs} main track. { le ¯ d ra ¯ l} lead compensation [ CONT SYS ] A type of feed- lead screw [ MECH ENG ] A threaded shaft used back compensationprimarily employed for stabi- to convert rotation to longitudinal motion; in a lization or for improving a system’s transient re- lathe it moves the tool carriage when cutting sponse; it is generally characterized by a series threads; in a disk recorder it guides the cutter at compensation transfer function of the type a desired rate across the surface of an ungrooved disk. { le ¯ d skru ¨ } G c (s) ϭ K (s Ϫ z) (s Ϫ p) lead susceptibility [ CHEM ENG ] The increase in octane number of gasoline imparted by the addi- tion of a specified amount of TEL (tetraethyl- where z Ͻ p and K is a constant. { le ¯ d ka ¨ mи lead). { led səsepиtəbilиədиe ¯ } pənsa ¯ иshən} lead time [ IND ENG ] The time allowed or re- lead curve [ CIV ENG ] The curve in a railroad quired to initiate and develop a piece of equip- turnout between the switch and the frog. ment that must be ready for use at a given time. { le ¯ d kərv } { le ¯ d tı ¯ m} leader [ BUILD ] See downspout. [ ENG ] The un- lead track [ CIV ENG ] A distance measured along recorded length of magnetic tape that enables a straight railroad track from a switch to a frog. the operator to thread the tape through the drive { le ¯ d trak } and onto the take-up reel without losing data or lead wire [ ENG ] One ofthe heavy wires connect- recorded music, speech, or such. [ MECH ENG ] ing a firing switch with the cap wires. { le ¯ d In a hot-air heating system, a duct that conducts wı ¯ r} heated air to an outlet. { le ¯ dиər} leaf [ BUILD ] 1. A separately movable division of leader streamer See leader. { le ¯ dиər stre ¯ mиər} a folding or sliding door. 2. One of a pair of leading edge [ DES ENG ] The surfaces or inset doors or windows. 3. One of the two halves of cutting points on a bit that face in the same direction as the rotation of the bit. { le ¯ dиiŋej } a cavity wall. { le ¯ f} 322 left-laid leaf spring [ DES ENG ] A beam of cantilever de- the land, usually upon payment of an agreed sign, firmly anchored at one end and with a large rental, bonus, or royalty. 2. A piece of land that deflection under a load. Also known as flat is leased. { le ¯ s} spring. { le ¯ f spriŋ } least-action principle See principle of least action. league [ MECH ] A unit of length equal to 3 miles { ¦le ¯ st akиshən prinиsəиpəl} or 4828.032 meters. { le ¯ g} least-energy principle [ MECH ] The principle leakage [ ENG ] Undesired and gradual escape that the potential energy of a system in stable or entry of a quantity, such as loss of neutrons equilibrium is a minimum relative to that of by diffusion from the core of a nuclear reactor, nearby configurations. { ¦le ¯ st enиərиje ¯ prinи escape of electromagnetic radiation through səиpəl} joints in shielding, flow of electricity over or least-work theory [ MECH ] A theory of statically through an insulating material, and flow of mag- indeterminate structures based on the fact that netic lines of force beyond the working region. when a stress is applied to such a structure the { le ¯ kиij } individual parts of it are deflected so that the leakage current [ ELEC ] 1. Undesirable flow of energy stored in the elastic members is mini- current through or over the surface of an insulat- mized. { ¦le ¯ st wərk the ¯ иəиre ¯ } ing material or insulator. 2. The flow of direct LED See light-emitting diode. current through a poor dielectric in a capacitor. LEDE room [ ENG ACOUS ] A control room in a [ ELECTR ] The alternating current that passes sound-recording studio in which the rear wall is through a rectifier without being rectified. made reflective or diffusive, while the dead or { le ¯ kиij kəиrənt } sound-absorbent treatment is applied at the leakage rate [ ENG ] Flow rate of all leaks from frontal sidewalls near the loudspeaker to prevent an evacuated vessel. { le ¯ kиij ra ¯ t} lateral reflections from mixing with direct signals leakage resistance [ ELEC ] The resistance of from the loudspeaker. Derived from live-end- the path over which leakage current flows; it is dead-end room. { le ¯ de ¯ ru ¨ m} normally high. { le ¯ kиij ri¦zisиtəns } ledge [ BUILD ] A horizontal timber on the back leak detector [ ENG ] An instrument used for of a batten door or on a framed and braced door. finding small holes or cracks in the walls of a [ ENG ] 1. A raised edge or molding. 2. A narrow vessel; the helium mass spectrometer is an ex- shelf projecting from the side of a vertical struc- ample. { le ¯ kditekиtər} ture. 3. A horizontal timber that supports the leak test pressure [ MECH ENG ] The inlet pres- put-logs of scaffolding. { lej } sure used for a standard quantitative seat leak- ledged door See batten door. { lejd do ˙ r} age test. { le ¯ k ¦test preshиər} ledger [ CIV ENG ] A main horizontal member of lean fuel mixture See lean mixture. { le ¯ n fyu ¨ l formwork, supported on uprights and supporting miksиchər} the soffit of the formwork. [ ENG ] The horizon- leaning wheel grader [ CIV ENG ] A grader with tal support for a scaffold platform. { lejиər} skewed wheels to help cut or spread the soil. Ledoux bell meter [ ENG ] A type of manometer { le ¯ nиiŋ ¦we ¯ l gra ¯ dиər} used to measure the difference in pressure be- lean manufacturing [ IND ENG ] A production tween two points generated by any one of several system consisting of manufacturing cells linked types of flow measurement devices such as a together with a functionally integrated system pitot tube; it is equipped with a shaped plug for inventory and production control that uses which makes the reading of the meter directly less of the key resources needed to make goods. proportional to the flow rate. { lədu ¨ bel { ¦le ¯ n manиəfakиchərиiŋ } me ¯ dиər} lean manufacturing cells [ IND ENG ] Typically U- leer See lehr. { ler } shaped manufacturing cells in which workers, Lee’s disk [ THERMO ] A device for determining cross-trained on all the related processes, move the thermal conductivity of poor conductors in from machine to machine in counterclockwise which a thin, cylindrical slice of the substance loops. { ¦le ¯ n manиəfakиchərиiŋselz } under study is sandwiched between two copper lean mixture [ MECH ENG ] A fuel-air mixture disks, a heating coil is placed between one of containing a low percentage of fuel and a high these disks and a third copper disk, and the percentage of air, as compared with a normal or temperatures of the three copper disks are meas- rich mixture. Also known as lean fuel mixture. ured. { le ¯ z disk } { le ¯ n ¦miksиchər} left-hand [ DES ENG ] Of drilling and cutting lean-to [ BUILD ] A single-pitched roof whose tools, screw threads, and other threaded devices, summit is supported by the wall of a higher struc- designed to rotate clockwise or cut to the left. ture. { le ¯ ntu ¨ } { left ¦hand } lear See lehr. { lir } left-handed See left-laid. { left ¦handиəd} learning control [ CONT SYS ] A type of auto- left-hand screw [ DES ENG ] A screw that ad- matic control in which the nature of control pa- vances when turned counterclockwise. { left rameters and algorithms is modified by the ac- ¦hand skru ¨ } tual experience of the system. { lərnиiŋ kən left-laid [ DES ENG ] The lay of a wire or fiber rope tro ¯ l} or cable in which the individual wires or fibers lease [ IND ENG ] 1. Contract betweenlandowner and another granting the latter the right to use in the strands are twisted to the right and the 323 leg strands to the left. Also known as left-handed; letters patent See patent. { ledиərz patиənt } regular-lay left twist. { left ¦la ¯ d} levee [ CIV ENG ] 1. A dike for confining a stream. leg [ ENG ] 1. Anything that functionally or struc- 2. A pier along a river. { levиe ¯ } turally resembles an animal leg. 2. One of the level [ CIV ENG ] 1. A surveying instrument with branches of a forked or jointed object. 3. One a telescope and bubble tube used to take level of the main upright members of a drill derrick sights over various distances, commonly 100 feet or tripod. [ MECH ENG ] The case that encloses (30 meters). 2. To make the earth surface hori- the vertical part of the belt carrying the buckets zontal. [ DES ENG ] A device consisting of a within a grain elevator. { leg } bubble tube that is used to find a horizontal line leg wire [ ENG ] One of the two wires forming a or plane. Also known as spirit level. part of an electric blasting cap or squib. [ ELEC ] A single bank of contacts, as on a step- { leg wı ¯ r} ping relay. [ ELECTR ] 1. The difference be- lehr [ ENG ] A long oven in which glass is cooled tween a quantity and an arbitrarily specified ref- and annealed after being formed. Also spelled erence quantity, usually expressed as the loga- lear; leer. { ler } rithm of the ratio of the quantities. 2. A charge Leidenfrost point [ THERMO ] The lowest tem- value that can be stored in a given storage ele- perature at which a hot body submerged in a ment of a charge storage tube and distinguished pool of boiling water is completely blanketed by in the output from other charge values. a vapor film; there is a minimum in the heat flux { levиəl} from the body to the water at this temperature. leveled element time See normal element time. { lı ¯ dиənfro ˙ st po ˙ int } { levиəld elиəment tı ¯ m} Leidenfrost’s phenomenon [ THERMO ] A phe- leveled time See normal time. { levиəld tı ¯ m} nomenon in which a liquid dropped on a surface leveler [ ENG ] A back scraper, drag, or other that is above a critical temperature becomes in- form of device for smoothing land. { levиəиlər} sulated from the surface by a layer of vapor, and level indicator [ ENG ] An instrument that indi- does not wet the surface as a result. { lı ¯ dи cates liquid level. [ ENG ACOUS ] An indicator ənfro ˙ sts fənamиəna ¨ n} that shows the audio voltage level at which a Lenard spiral [ ENG ] A type of magnetometer recording is being made; may be a volume-unit consisting of a spiral of bismuth wire and a meter, neon lamp, or cathode-ray tuning indica- Wheatstone bridge to measure changes in the tor. { levиəl inиdəka ¯ dиər} resistance of the wire produced by magnetic leveling [ ENG ] Adjusting any device, such as a fields and as a result of the transverse magneto- launcher, gun mount, or sighting equipment, so resistance of bismuth. { la ¯ иna ¨ rd spı ¯ иrəl} that all horizontal or vertical angles will be meas- length [ MECH ] Extension in space. { leŋkth } ured in the true horizontal and vertical planes. lengthening joint [ ENG ] A joint between two [ IND ENG ] A method of performance rating members running in the same direction. which seeks to rate the principal factors that { leŋkиthəniŋjo ˙ int } cause the speed of motions rather than speed length of lay [ DES ENG ] The distance measured itself; it considers that the level at which the along a line parallel to the axis of the rope in operator works is influenced by effort and skill. which the strand makes one complete turn about { levиəиliŋ } the axis of the rope, or the wires make a complete leveling instrument [ ENG ] An instrument for turn about the axis of the strand. { leŋkth əv establishing a horizontal line of sight, usually by la ¯ } means of a spirit level or a pendulum device. length of shot [ ENG ] The depth of the shothole, { levиəиliŋinиstrəиmənt } in which powder is placed, or the size of the leveling screw [ ENG ] An adjusting screw used block of coal or rock to be loosened by a single to bring an instrument into level. { levиəиliŋ blast, measuredparallel with the hole. { leŋkth skru ¨ } əv sha ¨ t} level measurement [ MECH ] The determination leo [ MECH ] A unit of acceleration, equal to 10 of the linear vertical distance between a refer- meters per second per second; it has rarely been ence point or datum plane and the surface of a employed. { le ¯ иo ¯ } liquid or the top of a pile of divided solid. { levи Leslie cube [ THERMO ] A metal box, with faces əl mezhиərиmənt } having different surface finishes, in which water level point See point of fall. { levиəl po ˙ int } is heated and next to which a thermopile is level rod [ ENG ] A straight rod or bar, with a flat placed in order to compare the heat emission face graduated in plainly visible linear units with properties of different surfaces. { lezиle ¯ kyu ¨ b} zero at the bottom, used in measuring the verti- Leslie effect [ ENG ACOUS ] A dynamic timbre- cal distance between a point of the earth’s sur- changing effect created by rotating one or more face and the line of sight of a leveling instrument directional speakers inside a cabinet such that that has been adjusted to the horizontal posi- a mixture of Doppler-shifted reflections is gener- tion. { levиəl ra ¨ d} ated in the output of an electronic instrument. level surface [ ENG ] A surface which is perpen- { lezиle ¯ ifekt } dicular to the plumb line at every point. { levи less-than-carload [ IND ENG ] Too light to fill a əl sərиfəs} freight car and therefore not eligible for carload rate. Abbreviated LCL. { les thən ka ¨ rlo ¯ d} level valve [ MECH ENG ] A valve operated by a 324 light-activated silicon controlled rectifier lever which travels through a maximum arc of breathing mixture supply system, air purification 180Њ.{levиəl valv } and filtering system, or carbon dioxide removal Levenstein process [ CHEM ENG ] A process for system; used in oceanographic submersibles the manufacture of mustard gas from ethene, and spacecraft. { lı ¯ fsəpo ˙ rt sisиtəm} CH 2 ϭCH 2 , and sulfur chloride, S 2 Cl 2 .{leи life test [ CHEM ENG ] In petroleum testing, an vənstı ¯ n pra ¨ иsəs} American Society for Testing and Materials oxi- lever [ ENG ] A rigid bar, pivoted about a fixed dation test made on inhibited steam-turbine oils point (fulcrum), used to multiply force or motion; to determine their stability under oxidizing con- used for raising, prying, or dislodging an object. ditions. [ ENG ] A test in which a device is oper- { levиər, le ¯ иvər} ated under conditions that simulate a normal leverage [ MECH ] The multiplication of force or lifetime of use, to obtain an estimate of service motion achieved by a lever. { levиrij } life. { lı ¯ f test } lever shears [ DES ENG ] A shears in which the LIFO See last in, first out. { lı ¯ fo ¯ } input force at the handles is related to the output lift See elevator. { lift } force at the cutting edges by the principle of the lift bridge [ CIV ENG ] A drawbridge whose mov- lever. Also known as alligator shears; crocodile able spans are raised vertically. { lift brij } shears. { levиər shirz } lifter flight [ DES ENG ] Spaced plates or projec- levitated vehicle [ MECH ENG ] A train or other tions on the inside surfaces of cylindrical rotat- vehicle which travels at high speed at some dis- ing equipment (such as rotary dryers) to lift and tance above an electrically conducting track by shower the solid particles through the gas-drying means of levitation. { levиəta ¯ dиəd ve ¯ иəиkəl} stream during their passage through the dryer lewis [ DES ENG ] A device for hoisting heavy cylinder. { lifиtər flı ¯ t} stones; employs a dovetailed tenon that fits into lifter roof [ ENG ] Gas storage tank in which the a mortise in the stone. { lu ¨ иəs} roof is raised by the incoming gas as the tank lewis bolt [ DES ENG ] A bolt with an enlarged, fills. { lifиtər ru ¨ f} tapered head that is inserted into masonry or lifting block [ MECH ENG ] A combination of pul- stone and fixed with lead; used as a foundation leys and ropes which allows heavy weights to be bolt. { lu ¨ иəs bo ¯ lt } lifted with least effort. { liftиiŋbla ¨ k} Lewis-Matheson method [ CHEM ENG ] Trial- lifting device [ ENG ] A device to manually open and-error calculation method for the design of a pressure relief valve by decreasing the spring multicomponent distillation columns, or for the loading in order to determine if the valve is in determination of the separating ability of an ex- working order. { liftиiŋ divı ¯ s} isting column. { lu ¨ иəs mathиəиsən methиəd} lifting dog [ ENG ] 1. A component part of the L-head engine [ MECH ENG ] A type of four- overshot assembly that grasps and lifts the inner stroke cycle internal combustion engine having tube or a wire-line core barrel. 2. A clawlike both inlet and exhaust valves on one side of the hook for grasping cylindrical objects, such as engine block which are operated by pushrods drill rods or casing, while raising and lowering actuated by a single camshaft. { el hed enи them. { liftиiŋdo ˙ g} jən} lifting magnet [ ENG ] A large circular, rectangu- lie detector [ ENG ] An instrument that indicates lar, or specially shaped magnet used for handling or records one or more functional variables of a pig iron, scrap iron, castings, billets, rails, and person’s body while the person undergoes the other magnetic materials. { liftиiŋmagиnət} emotional stress associated with a lie. Also lifting task [ IND ENG ] A task that involves appli- known as polygraph; psychintegroammeter. cation of a moment to the vertebral column of { lı ¯ dı ¯ tekиtər} the worker. { liftиiŋtask } life-cycle assessment [ SYS ENG ] A methodol- lift pump [ MECH ENG ] A pump for lifting fluid ogy that identifies the environmental impacts to the pump’s own level. { lift pəmp } associated with the life cycle of a material or lift-slab construction [ CIV ENG ] Pouring rein- product in a specific application, thus identifying forced concrete roof and floor slabs at ground opportunities for improvement in environmental level, then lifting them into position after hard- performance. Abbreviated LCA. { lı ¯ f sı ¯ иkəl ening. { lift slab kənstrəkиshən} əsesиmənt } lift truck [ MECH ENG ] A small hand- or power- life-cycle cost [ ENG ] A measurement of the to- operated dolly equipped with a platform or fork- tal cost of using equipment over the entire time lift. { lift trək} of service of the equipment; includes initial, op- lift valve [ MECH ENG ] A valve that moves per- erating, and maintenance costs. { lı ¯ f sı ¯ иkəl pendicularly to the plane of the valve seat. ko ˙ st } { lift valv } life expectancy [ ENG ] The predicted useful ser- ligament [ ENG ] The section of solid material in vice life of an item of equipment. { lı ¯ fikspekи a tube sheet or shell between adjacent holes. tənиse ¯ } { ligиəиmənt } life preserver [ ENG ] A buoyant device that is light-activated silicon controlled rectifier used to prevent drowning by supporting a person [ ELECTR ] A silicon controlled rectifier having a in the water. { lı ¯ f prizərиvər} glass window for incident light that takes the life support system [ ENG ] A system providing atmospheric control and monitoring, such as a place of, or adds to the action of, an electric gate 325 light-activated silicon controlled switch current in providing switching action. Abbrevi- conductor of an electrical system and ground to limit the magnitude of transient overvoltages onated LASCR. Also known as photo-SCR; photo- thyristor. { lı ¯ t ¦akиtəva ¯ dиəd ¦silиəиkənkən¦tro ¯ ld equipment. Also known as arrester; surge ar- rester. { lı ¯ tиniŋəresиtər}rekиtəfı ¯ иər} light-activated silicon controlled switch [ ELECTR ] light section car [ MECH ENG ] A railway motor- car weighing 750–900 pounds (340–408 kilo-A semiconductor device that has four layers of silicon alternately doped with acceptor and do- grams) and propelled by 4–6-horsepower (3000– 4500-watt) engines. { lı ¯ t sekиshən ka ¨ r}nor impurities, but with all four of the p and n layers made accessible by terminals; when a light light-sensitive [ ELECTR ] Having photoconduc- tive, photoemissive, or photovoltaic characteris-beam hits the active light-sensitive surface, the photons generate electron-hole pairs that make tics. Also known as photosensitive. { lı ¯ t senи sədиiv }the device turn on; removal of light does not reverse the phenomenon; the switch can be light-sensitive cell See photodetector. { lı ¯ t ¦senи sədиiv sel }turned off only by removing or reversing its posi- tive bias. Abbreviated LASCS. { lı ¯ t ¦akиtəva ¯ dи light-sensitive detector See photodetector. { lı ¯ t ¦senиsədиiv ditekиtər}əd ¦silиəиkənkən¦tro ¯ ld swich } light amplifier [ ELECTR ] 1. Any electronic de- light valve [ ELECTR ] 1. A device whose light transmission can be made to vary in accordancevice which, when actuated by a light image, re- produces a similar image of enhanced bright- with an externally applied electrical quantity, such as volatage, current, electric field, or mag-ness, and which is capable of operating at very low light levels without introducing spurious netic field, or an electron beam. 2. Any direct- view electronic display optimized for reflectingbrightness variations (noise) into the repro- duced image. Also known as image intensifier. or transmitting an image with an independent collimated light source for projection pur- 2. See laser amplifier. { lı ¯ t amиpləfı ¯ иər} light-beam galvanometer See d’Arsonval galva- poses. { lı ¯ tvalv } Lilly controller [ MECH ENG ] A device on steamnometer. { lı ¯ t be ¯ m galиvəna ¨ mиədиər} light-beam pickup [ ENG ACOUS ] A phonograph and electric winding engines that protects against overspeed, overwind, and other inci-pickup in which a beam of light is a coupling element of the transducer. { lı ¯ t be ¯ m pikəp } dents injurious to workers and the engine. { lilиe ¯ kən¦tro ¯ lиər} light blasting [ ENG ] Loosening of shallow or small outcrops of rock and breaking boulders by limb [ DES ENG ] 1. The graduated margin of an arc or circle in an instrument for measuringexplosives. { lı ¯ t blastиiŋ } light-emitting diode [ ELECTR ] A rectifying semi- angles, as that part of a marine sextant carrying the altitude scale. 2. The graduated staff of aconductor device which converts electrical en- ergy into electromagnetic radiation. The wave- leveling rod. { limb } lime kiln [ CHEM ENG ] Furnace-type apparatus,length of the emitted radiation ranges from the near-ultraviolet to the near-infrared, that is, from usually a long, tilted cylinder that is slowly ro- tated, used to heat calcium carbonate, CaCO 3 ,about 400 to over 1500 nanometers. Abbrevi- ated LED. { lı ¯ timidиiŋdı ¯ o ¯ d } above 900ЊC to produce lime. { lı ¯ m kil } limelight [ ENG ] A light source once used in lightening hole [ CIV ENG ] An opening cut into a strengthening member that decreases its weight spotlights; it consisted of a block of lime heated to incandescence by means of an oxyhydrogenwithout significantly altering its strength. { lı ¯ tи niŋho ¯ l } flame torch. { lı ¯ mlı ¯ t} limestone log [ ENG ] A log that employs an elec- lighterage [ IND ENG ] 1. Loading or unloading ships by means of a lighter. 2. The fee charged trical resistivity element in the form of four sym- metrically arranged current electrodes to givefor this operation. { lı ¯ dиəиrij } lighting-off torch [ ENG ] A torch used to ignite accurate readings in borehole surveying of hard formations. { lı ¯ msto ¯ n la ¨ g}a fuel oil burner; it consists of asbestos cloth wrapped around an iron rod and soaked with oil. liming [ CHEM ENG ] Soaking hides and skins in milk of lime and causing them to swell, to facili-{ lı ¯ dиiŋo ˙ f to ˙ rch } light-inspection car [ MECH ENG ] A railway mo- tate the removal of hair. { lı ¯ mиiŋ } limit control [ MECH ENG ] 1. In boiler operation,torcar weighing 400–600 pounds (180–270 kilo- grams) and having a capacity of 650–800 pounds usually a device, electrically controlled, that shuts down a burner at a prescribed operating(295–360 kilograms). { ¦lı ¯ tinspekиshən ka ¨ r} light meter [ ENG ] A small, portable device for point. 2. In machine-tool operation, a sensing device which terminates motion of the workpiecemeasuring illumination; an exposure meter is a specific application, being calibrated to give or tool at prescribed points. { limиətkəntro ¯ l} limit dimensioning method [ DES ENG ] Methodphotographic exposures. { lı ¯ t me ¯ dиər} light modulator [ ELECTR ] The combination of a of dimensioning and tolerancing wherein the maximum and minimum permissible values forsource of light, an appropriate optical system, and a means for varying the resulting light beam a dimension are stated specifically to indicate the size or location of the element in question.to produce an optical sound track on motion picture film. { lı ¯ t ma ¨ jиəla ¯ dиər} {limиətdəmenиchənиiŋmethиəd} limited-access highway See expressway. { limи lightning arrester [ ELEC ] A protective device designed primarily for connection between a ədиəd ¦akиses hı ¯ wa ¯ } 326 linear scanning limited-degree-of-freedom robot [ CONT SYS ] limnimeter [ ENG ] A type of tide gage for mea- suring lake level variations. { limnimиədиər} Robot whose end effector can be positioned and limnograph [ ENG ] A recording made on a limni- oriented in fewer than six degrees of freedom. meter. { limиnəgraf } { limиədиəddigre ¯ əv fre ¯ иdəm ro ¯ ba ¨ t} Linde copper sweetening [ CHEM ENG ] A petro- limited integrator [ ELECTR ] A device used in an- leum-refinery process to treat gasolines and dis- alog computers that has two input signals and tillates with a slurry of clay and cupric chloride one output signal whose value is proportional to remove mercaptans. { linиdəka ¨ pиər swe ¯ tи to the integral of one of the input signals with ənиiŋ } respect to the other as long as this output signal Linde drill See fusion-piercing drill. { linиdədril } does not exceed specified limits. { limиədиəd line-and-staff organization [ IND ENG ] A form of intиəgra ¯ dиər} organization structure which combines func- limited-pressure cycle See mixed cycle. { limиədи tional subunits with staff officers in line func- əd ¦preshиər sı ¯ иkəl} tions. { ¦lı ¯ n ən ¦staf o ˙ rиgəиnəza ¯ иshən} limited-rotation hydraulic actuator [ MECH linear [ CONT SYS ] Having an output that varies ENG ] A type of hydraulic actuator that produces in direct proportion to the input. { linиe ¯ иər} limited reciprocating rotary force and motion; linear actuator [ MECH ENG ] A device that con- used for lifting, lowering, opening, closing, in- verts some kind of power, such as hydraulic or dexing, and transferring movements; examples electric power, into linear motion. { linиe ¯ иər are the piston-rack actuator, single-vane actua- akиchəwa ¯ dиər} tor, and double-vane actuator. { limиədиəd linear control system [ CONT SYS ] A linear sys- ro ¯ ¦ta ¯ иshənhı ¯ ¦dro ˙ иlik akиchəwa ¯ dиər} tem whose inputs are forced to change in a de- limited-sequence robot See fixed-stop robot. sired manner as time progresses. { linиe ¯ иər { limиədиəd ¦se ¯ иkwəns ro ¯ ba ¨ t} kəntro ¯ l sisиtəm} limiter [ ELECTR ] An electronic circuit used to linear expansity See coefficient of linear expansion. prevent the amplitude of an electronic waveform { linиe ¯ иərikspanиsədиe ¯ } from exceeding a specified level while preserving linear feedback control [ CONT SYS ] Feedback the shape of the waveform at amplitudes less control in a linear system. { linиe ¯ иər fe ¯ dbak than the specified level. Also known as ampli- kəntro ¯ l} tude limiter; amplitude-limiting circuit; auto- linear integratedcircuit [ ELECTR ] An integrated matic peak limiter; clipper; clipping circuit; lim- circuit that provides linear amplification of sig- iter circuit; peak limiter. { limиədиər} nals. { linиe ¯ иər ¦intиəgra ¯ dиəd sərиkət} limit governor [ MECH ENG ] A mechanical gov- linearization [ CONT SYS ] 1. The modification of ernor that takes over control from the main gov- a system so that its outputs are approximately ernor to shut the machine down when speed linear functions of its inputs, in order to facilitate reaches a predetermined excess above the allow- analysis of the system. 2. The mathematical able rate. Also known as topping governor. approximation of a nonlinear system, whose de- { limиət gəvиərиnər} partures from linearity are small, by a linear sys- limiting friction See static friction. { limиədиiŋ tem corresponding to small changes in the vari- frikиshən} ables about their average values. { linиe ¯ иərи limit lines [ IND ENG ] Lines on a chart designat- əza ¯ иshən} ing specification limits. { limиət lı ¯ nz } linear meter [ ENG ] A meter in which the deflec- limit-load design See ultimate-load design. tion of the pointer is proportional to the quantity { limиət lo ¯ ddizı ¯ n} measured. { linиe ¯ иər me ¯ dиər} limits [ DES ENG ] In dimensioning, the maxi- linear momentum See momentum. { linиe ¯ иər mum and minimum values prescribed for a spe- məmenиtəm} cific dimension; the limits may be of size if the linear motion See rectilinear motion. { linиe ¯ иər dimension concernedis a size dimension, or they mo ¯ иshən} may be of location if the dimension concerned linear-quadratic-Gaussian problem [ CONT SYS ] is a location dimension. { limиəts } An optimal-state regulator problem, containing limit state [ CIV ENG ] The condition beyond Gaussian noise in both the state and measure- which a structure or a structural member is ment equations, in which the expected value of deemed unsafe due to one or more loads or load the quadratic performance index is to be mini- effects. { limиət sta ¯ t} mized. Abbreviated LQG problem. { linиe ¯ иər limit switch [ ELEC ] A switch designed to cut off kwədradиik gau ˙ sиe ¯ иən pra ¨ bиləm} power automatically at or near the limit of travel linear regulator problem [ CONT SYS ] A type of of a moving object controlled by electrical optimal control problem in which the system to means. { limиət swich } be controlled is described by linear differential limit velocity [ MECH ] In armor and projectile equations and the performance index to be mini- testing, the lowest possible velocity at which any mized is the integral of a quadratic function of one of the complete penetrations is obtained; the system state and control functions. Also since the limit velocity is difficult to obtain, a known as optimal regulator problem; regulator more easily obtainable value, designated as the problem. { linиe ¯ иər regиyəla ¯ dиər pra ¨ bиləm} ballistic limit, is usually employed. { limиət linear scanning [ ENG ] Radar beam which moves with constant angular velocity throughvəla ¨ sиədиe ¯ } 327 linear strain the scanning sector, which may be a complete line-of-sight velocity See radial velocity. { lı ¯ n əv sı ¯ tvəla ¨ sиədиe ¯ }360Њ.{linиe ¯ иər skanиiŋ } linear strain [ MECH ] The ratio of the change in line of thrust [ MECH ] Locus of the points through which the resultant forces pass in anthe length of a body to its initial length. Also known as longitudinal strain. { linиe ¯ иər ¦stra ¯ n } arch or retaining wall. { lı ¯ n əv thrəst } line of tunnel [ ENG ] The width marked by the linear system [ CONT SYS ] A system in which the outputs are components of a vector which is exterior lines or sides of a tunnel. { lı ¯ n əv tənиəl}equal to the value of a linear operator applied to a vector whose components are the inputs. line oiler [ MECH ENG ] An apparatus inserted in a line conducting air or steam to an air- or steam-{ linиe ¯ иər sisиtəm} linear system analysis [ CONT SYS ] The study of activated machine that feeds small controllable amounts of lubricating oil into the air or steam.a system by means of a model consisting of a linear mapping between the system inputs Also known as air-line lubricator; line lubricator. { lı ¯ n o ˙ iиlər}(causes or excitations), applied at the input ter- minals, and the system outputs (effects or re- line pack [ ENG ] The actual amount of gas in a pipeline or distribution system. { lı ¯ n pak }sponses), measured or observed at the output terminals. { linиe ¯ иər ¦sisиtəm ənalиəиsəs} liner [ DES ENG ] A replaceable tubular sleeve in- side a hydraulic or pump-pressure cylinder in linear velocity See velocity. { linиe ¯ иərvəla ¨ sи ədиe ¯ } which the piston travels. [ ENG ] A string of casing in a borehole. { lı ¯ nиər} line clinometer [ ENG ] A clinometer designed to be inserted between rods at any point in a string liner bushing [ DES ENG ] A bushing, provided with or without a head, that is permanently in-of drill rods. { lı ¯ n klı ¯ na ¨ mиədиər} line driver [ ELECTR ] An integrated circuit that stalled in a jig to receive the renewable wearing bushings. Also known as master bushing.acts as the interface between logic circuits and a two-wire transmission line. { lı ¯ n drı ¯ vиər} {lı ¯ nиər bu ˙ shиiŋ } line rod See range rod. { lı ¯ n ra ¨ d} line functions [ IND ENG ] Organizational func- tions having direct authority and responsibility. liner plate cofferdam [ CIV ENG ] A cofferdam made from steel plates about 16 inches (41 centi-{ lı ¯ n fəŋkиshənz } line hydrophone [ ENG ACOUS ] A directional hy- meters) high and 3 feet (91 centimeters) long, and corrugated for added stiffness. { lı ¯ nиərdrophone consisting of one straight-line ele- ment, an array of suitably phased elements pla ¯ t ko ˙ fиərdam } line scanner [ ENG ] An infrared imaging devicemounted in line, or the acoustic equivalent of such an array. { lı ¯ n hı ¯ иdrəfo ¯ n } which utilizes the motion of a moving platform, such as an aircraft or satellite, to scan infrared line level [ ENG ] A small spirit level fitted with hooks at each end so that it can be hung on a radiation from the terrain. Also known as ther- mal mapper. { lı ¯ n skanиər}horizontally stretched line. { lı ¯ n levиəl} line loss [ ELEC ] Total of the various energy line shafting [ MECH ENG ] One or more pieces of assembled shafting to transmit power fromlosses occurring in a transmission line. [ ENG ] The quantity of gas that is lost in a distribution a central source to individual machines. { lı ¯ n shaftиiŋ }system or pipeline. { lı ¯ n lo ˙ s} line lubricator See line oiler. { lı ¯ n lu ¨ иbrəka ¯ dиər} linesman [ ENG ] 1. A worker who sets up and repairs communication and power lines. 2. An line microphone [ ENG ACOUS ] A highly direc- tional microphoneconsisting of a single straight- assistant to a surveyor. { lı ¯ nzиmən} line space lever [ MECH ENG ] A lever on a type-line element or an array of small parallel tubes of different lengths, with one end of each abutting a writer used to move the carriage to a new line. { lı ¯ n ¦spa ¯ s levиər}microphone element. Also known as machine- gun microphone. { lı ¯ n mı ¯ иkrəfo ¯ n} line voltage [ ELEC ] The voltage provided by a power line at the point of use. { lı ¯ n vo ¯ lиtij } line mixer See flow mixer. { lı ¯ n mikиsər} line of action [ MECH ENG ] The locus of contact lining bar [ DES ENG ] A crowbar with a pinch, wedge, or diamond point at its working end.points as gear teeth profiles go through mesh. { lı ¯ n əv akиshən} {lı ¯ nиiŋba ¨ r} lining pole See range rod. { lı ¯ nиiŋpo ¯ l} line of balance [ IND ENG ] A production plan- ning system that schedules key events leading link [ CIV ENG ] A standardized part of a survey- or’s chain, which is 7.92 inches (20.1168 centime-to completion of an assembly on the basis of the delivery date for the completed system. Ab- ters) in the Gunter’s chain and 1 foot (30.48 centi- meters) in the engineer’s chain. [ DES ENG ] breviated LOB. { lı ¯ n əv balиəns } line offall [ MECH ] The line tangent to the ballis- 1. One of the rings of a chain. 2. A connecting piece in the moving parts of a machine. { liŋk}tic trajectory at the level point. { lı ¯ n əv ¦fo ˙ l} line of flight [ MECH ] The line of movement, or linkage [ MECH ENG ] A mechanism that trans- fers motion in a desired manner by using somethe intended line of movement, of an aircraft, guided missile, or projectile in the air. { lı ¯ n combination of bar links, slides, pivots, and ro- tating members. { liŋиkij }əv ¦flı ¯ t} line of impact [ MECH ] A line tangent to the tra- link V belt [ DES ENG ] A V belt composed of a large number of rubberized-fabric links joined byjectory of a missile at the point of impact. { lı ¯ n əv impakt } metal fasteners. { liŋk ve ¯ belt } 328 liquid-sorbent dehumidifier lintel [ BUILD ] A horizontal member over an liquid-in-metal thermometer [ ENG ] A ther- mometer in which the thermally sensitive ele- opening, such as a door or window, usually car- ment is a liquid contained in a metal envelope, rying the wall load. { lintиəl} frequently in the form of a Bourdon tube. { likи linter [ MECH ENG ] A machine for removing fuzz wədin¦medиəlthərma ¨ mиədиər} linters from ginned cottonseed. { linиtər} liquid knockout See impingement. { likиwəd lip [ CIV ENG ] A parapet placed on the down- na ¨ kau ˙ t} stream margin of a millrace or apron in order to liquid level control [ ENG ] Regulation of the lin- minimize scouring of the river bottom. [ DES ear vertical distance between the surface of a ENG ] Cutting edge of a fluted drill formed by liquid and some reference point. { likиwəd levи the intersection of the flute and the lip clearance əlkəntro ¯ l} angle, and extending from the chisel edge at the liquid-liquid extraction [ CHEM ENG ] The re- web to the circumference. { lip } moval of a soluble component from a liquid mix- Lippmann electrometer See capillary electrometer. ture by contact with a second liquid, immiscible { lipиmən ilektra ¨ mиədиər} with the carrier liquid in which the component liq pt See pint. is preferentially soluble. { likиwəd likиwədik liquefier [ ENG ] Equipment or system used to strakиshən} liquefy gases; usually employs a combination liquid measure [ MECH ] A system of units used of compression, heat exchange, and expansion to measure the volumes of liquid substances in operations. { likиwəfı ¯ иər} the United States; the units are the fluid dram, liquid-column gage See U-tube manometer. { likи fluid ounce, gill, pint, quart, and gallon. { likи wəd ¦ka ¨ lиəm ga ¯ j} wəd ¦mezhиər} liquid compass [ ENG ] A compass in a bowl liquid penetranttest [ ENG ] A penetrant method filled with liquid. { likиwəd ka ¨ mиpəs} of nondestructive testing used to locate defects liquid-cooled dissipator See cold plate. { likиwəd open to the surface of nonporous materials; pen- ¦ku ¨ ld disиəpa ¯ dиər} etrating liquid is applied to the surface, and after liquid-cooled engine [ MECH ENG ] An internal 1–30 minutes excess liquid is removed, and a combustion engine with a jacket cooling system developer is applied to draw the penetrant out in which liquid, usually water, is circulated to of defects, thus showing their location, shape, maintain acceptable operating temperatures of and size. { likиwəd penиəиtrənt test } machine parts. { likиwəd ¦ku ¨ ld enиjən} liquid-phase hydrogenation [ CHEM ENG ] Hy- liquid cooling [ ENG ] Use of circulating liquid to drogen reaction with liquid-phase hydrogenata- cool process equipment and hermetically sealed ble material, such as unsaturated aliphatic or components such as transistors. { likиwəd aromatic hydrocarbons. { likиwəd fa ¯ z hı ¯ иdrəи ku ¨ lиiŋ } jəna ¯ иhsən} liquid crystal display [ ELECTR ] A digital display liquid pint See pint. { likиwəd pı ¯ nt } that consists of two sheets of glass separated by liquid piston rotary compressor [ MECH ENG ] A a sealed-in, normally transparent, liquid crystal rotary compressor in which a multiblade rotor material; the outer surface of each glass sheet revolves in a casing partly filled with liquid, for has a transparent conductive coating such as example, water. { likиwəd ¦pisиtən ¦ro ¯ dиəиre ¯ tin oxide or indium oxide, with the viewing-side kəmpresиər} coating etched into character-forming segments liquid seal [ CHEM ENG ] 1. The depth of liquid that have leads going to the edges of the display; above an opening from which gas or vapor is- a voltage applied between front and back elec- sues, as for a riser in a distillation-column tray. trode coatings disrupts the orderly arrangement 2. Product drawoff in which a depth of liquid of the molecules, darkening the liquid enough prevents the outflow of gas or vapor. { likи to form visible characters even though no light is wəd se ¯ l} generated. Abbreviated LCD. { likиwəd kristи liquid-sealed meter [ ENG ] A type of positive- əldispla ¯ } displacement meter for gas flows consisting of liquid extraction See solvent extraction. { likиwəd a cylindrical chamber that is more than half filled ikstrakиshən} with water and divided into four rotating com- liquid filter [ CHEM ENG ] A device for the re- partments formed by trailing vanes; gas entering moval of solids or coalesced droplets out of a through the center shaft into one compartment liquid stream by use of a filter medium, such as after another forces rotation that allows the gas a screen, cartridge, or granular bed. { likиwəd then to exhaust out the top as it is displaced by filиtər} the water. Also known as drum meter. { likи liquid-in-glass thermometer [ ENG ] A thermom- wəd se ¯ ld me ¯ dиər} eter in which the thermally sensitive element is liquid semiconductor [ ELECTR ] An amorphous a liquid contained in a graduated glass envelope; material in solid or liquid state that possesses the indication of such a thermometer depends the properties of varying resistance induced by upon the difference between the coefficients of charge carrier injection. { likиwəd semиiи thermal expansion of the liquid and the glass; kəndəkиtər} mercury and alcohol are liquids commonly used liquid-sorbent dehumidifier [ MECH ENG ] A sor- in meteorological thermometers. { likиwədin bent type of dehumidifier consisting of a main circulating fan, sorbent-air contactor, sorbent¦glas thərma ¨ mиədиər} 329 liquid sulfur dioxide-benzene process pump, and reactivator; dehumidification and re- this instrument is supposed to be somewhat rep- resentative of that from plant growth. { livиiŋи activation are continuous operations, with a stən sfir } small part of the sorbent constantly bled off from livre [ MECH ] A unit of mass, used in France, the main circulating system and reactivated to equal to 0.5 kilogram. { le ¯ vиrə } the concentration required for the desired efflu- lixiviate [ CHEM ENG ] To extract a soluble com- ent dew point. { likиwəd ¦so ˙ rиbənt de ¯ иyu ¨ midи ponent from a solid mixture by washing or perco- əfı ¯ иər} lation processes. { liksivиe ¯ a ¯ t} liquid sulfur dioxide-benzene process [ CHEM lixuration See leaching. { likиsyu ˙ ra ¯ иshən} ENG ] A petroleum-refinery process using a Ljungstro ¨ m heater [ MECH ENG ] Continuous, mixed solvent (SO 2 and benzene) to dewax lubri- regenerative, heat-transfer air heater (recupera- cating oils or improve their viscosity indices. tor) made of slow-moving rotors packed with { likиwəd səlиfərdı ¯ a ¨ ksı ¯ d benze ¯ n pra ¨ иsəs} closely spaced metal plates or wires with a hous- liquidus line [ THERMO ] For a two-component ing to confine the hot and cold gases to opposite system, a curve on a graph of temperature versus sides. { yu ˙ ŋиstrəm he ¯ dиər} concentration which connects temperatures at Ljungstro ¨ m steam turbine [ MECH ENG ] A radial which fusion is completed as the temperature is outward-flow turbine having two opposed rota- raised. { likиwədиəs lı ¯ n} tion rotors. { yu ˙ ŋиstrəm ¦ste ¯ m tərиbən} liquor [ CHEM ENG ] 1. Supernatant liquid de- load [ ELEC ] 1. A device that consumes electric canted from a liquid-solids mixture in which the power. 2. The amount of electric power that is solids have settled. 2. Liquid overflow from a drawn from a power line, generator, or other liquid-liquid extraction unit. { likиər} power source. 3. The material to be heated by list [ ENG ] To lean to one side, or deviate from an induction heater or dielectric heater. Also the vertical. { list } known as work. [ ELECTR ] The device that re- listening station [ ENG ] A radio or radar receiv- ceives the useful signal output of an amplifier, ing station that is continuously manned for vari- oscillator, or other signal source. [ ENG ] 1. To ous purposes, such as for radio direction finding place ammunition in a gun, bombs on an air- or for gaining information about enemy elec- plane, explosives in a missile or borehole, fuel tronic devices. { lisиənиiŋsta ¯ иshən} in a fuel tank, cargo or passengers into a vehicle, listing See lashing. { listиiŋ } and the like. 2. The quantity of gas delivered or liter [ MECH ] A unit of volume or capacity, equal required at any particular point on a gas supply to 1 decimeter cubed, or 0.001 cubic meter, or system; develops primarily at gas-consuming 1000 cubic centimeters. Abbreviated l; L. equipment. [ MECH ] 1. The weight that is sup- {le ¯ dиər} ported by a structure. 2. Mechanical force that lithography [ ELECTR ] A technique used for in- is applied to a body. 3. The burden placed on tegrated circuit fabrication in which a silicon any machine, measured by units such as horse- slice is coated uniformly with a radiation-sensi- power, kilowatts, or tons. { lo ¯ d} tive film, the resist, and an exposing source (such load-and-carry equipment [ MECH ENG ] Earth- as light, x-rays, or an electron beam) illuminates moving equipment designed to load and trans- selected areasof the surface through an interven- port material. { ¦lo ¯ d ən karиe ¯ ikwipиmənt } ing master template for a particular pattern. load-carrying capacity [ MECH ENG ] The great- {lətha ¨ gиrəиfe ¯ } est weight that the end effector of a robot can live axle [ MECH ENG ] An axle to which wheels manipulate without reducing its level of perfor- are rigidly fixed. { lı ¯ v akиsəl} mance. { lo ¯ d ¦karиe ¯ иiŋ kəpasиədиe ¯ } live center [ MECH ENG ] A lathe center that fits load chart [ IND ENG ] A graph showing the into the headstock spindle. { lı ¯ v senиtər} amount of work still to be performed by a factory live-end-dead-end room See LEDE room. { ¦lı ¯ v producing unit such as a machine or assembly end dedend ru ¨ m} group. { lo ¯ d cha ¨ rt } live load [ MECH ] A moving load or a load of load compensation [ CONT SYS ] Compensation variable forceacting upon a structure, in addition in which the compensator acts on the output to its own weight. { lı ¯ v lo ¯ d} signal after it has generated feedback signals. live load allowance [ ENG ] The permissible load Also known as load stabilization. { lo ¯ dka ¨ mи that may be added to a completed building struc- pənsa ¯ иshən} ture, including installations, equipment, and load deflection [ MECH ENG ] The change in po- personnel. { lı ¯ v lo ¯ d əlau ˙ иəns } sition of a body when a load is applied to it. live-roller conveyor [ MECH ENG ] Conveying { lo ¯ ddiflekиshən} machine which moves objects over a series of load diagram [ CIV ENG ] A diagram showing the rollers by the application of power to all or some distribution and intensity of loads on a structure. of the rollers. { lı ¯ v ¦ro ¯ lиərkənva ¯ иər} { lo ¯ d dı ¯ иəgram } live steam [ MECH ENG ] Steam that is being de- loaded Q [ ELEC ] The Q factor of an impedance livered directly from a boiler under full pressure. which is connected or coupled under working { lı ¯ v ste ¯ m} conditions. Also known as working Q. { lo ¯ dи Livingstone sphere [ ENG ] A clay atmometer in əd kyu ¨ } loaded wheel [ ENG ] A grinding wheel that isthe form of a sphere; evaporation indicated by 330 location fit dull as a result of becoming filled with particles load stress [ MECH ] Stress that results from a pressure or gravitational load. { lo ¯ d stres }from the material being ground. { lo ¯ dиəd we ¯ l} loader [ MECH ENG ] A machine such as a me- LOB See line of balance. lobe [ DES ENG ] A projection on a cam wheelchanical shovel used for loading bulk materials. { lo ¯ dиər } or a noncircular gear wheel. [ ENG ACOUS ] A portion of the directivity pattern of a transducer load factor [ ELEC ] The ratio of average electric load to peak load, usually calculated over a 1- representing an area of increased emission or response. { lo ¯ b}hour period. [ MECH ] The ratio of load to the maximum rated load. { lo ¯ d fakиtər} lobed impeller meter [ ENG ] A type of positive displacement meter in which a fluid stream is loading [ CHEM ENG ] Condition of vapor overca- pacity in a liquid-vapor-contact tower, in which separated into discrete quantities by rotating, meshing impellers driven by interlocking gears.rising vapor lifts or holds falling liquid. [ ELEC ] The addition of inductance to a transmission { lo ¯ bd impelиər me ¯ dиər} local buckling [ MECH ] Buckling of thin ele-line to improve its transmission characteristics throughout a given frequency band. Also ments of a column section in a series of waves or wrinkles. { lo ¯ иkəl bəkиliŋ }known as electrical loading. [ ENG ] 1. Buildup on a cutting tool of the material removed in local coefficient of heat transfer [ THERMO ] The heat transfer coefficient at a particular point oncutting. 2. Filling the pores of a grinding wheel with material removed in the grinding process. a surface, equal to the amount of heat trans- ferred to an infinitesimal area of the surface at [ ENG ACOUS ] Placing material at the front or rear of a loudspeaker to change its acoustic im- the point by a fluid passing over it, divided by the product of this area and the difference be-pedance and thereby alter its radiation. { lo ¯ dиiŋ } tween the temperatures of the surface and the fluid. { lo ¯ иkəl ko ¯ иifishиənt əv he ¯ t tranzиfər} loading board [ ENG ] A device that holds pre- forms in positions corresponding to the multiple local controller See first-level controller. { lo ¯ иkəl kəntro ¯ lиər}cavities in a compression mold, thus facilitating the simultaneous insertion of the preforms. localized vector [ MECH ] A vector whose line of application or point of application is prescribed,{ lo ¯ dиiŋbo ˙ rd } loading density [ ENG ] The number of pounds in addition to its direction. { lo ¯ иkəlı ¯ zd vekи tər}of explosive per foot length of drill hole. { lo ¯ dи iŋdenи sədиe ¯ } local networking [ CONT SYS ] The system of communication linking together the compo- loading head [ MECH ENG ] The part of a loader which gathers the bulk materials. { lo ¯ dиiŋ nents of a single robot. { lo ¯ иkəl netwərkиiŋ } local structural discontinuity [ MECH ] The effecthed } loading rack [ ENG ] The shelter and associated of intensified stress on a small portion of a struc- ture. { lo ¯ иkəl strəkиchəиrəl diska ¨ ntиənu ¨ иədиe ¯ }equipment for the withdrawal of liquid petro- leum or a chemical product from a storage tank locating [ MECH ENG ] A function of tooling operations accomplished by designing andand loading it into a railroad tank car or tank truck. { lo ¯ dиiŋrak } constructing the tooling device so as to bring together the proper contact points or surfaces loading space [ ENG ] Space in a compression mold for holding the plastic molding material between the workpiece and the tooling. { lo ¯ ka ¯ dиiŋ }before it is compressed. { lo ¯ dиiŋspa ¯ s} loading station [ MECH ENG ] A device which re- locating hole [ MECH ENG ] A hole used to posi- tion the part in relation to a cutting tool or toceives material and puts it on a conveyor; may be one or more plates or a hopper. { lo ¯ dиiŋ other parts and gage points. { lo ¯ ka ¯ dиiŋho ¯ l} locating surface [ MECH ENG ] A surface used tosta ¯ иshən} loading tray [ ENG ] A tray with a sliding bottom position an item being manufactured in a numer- ical control or robotic system for clamping.used to simultaneously load the plastic charge into the cavities of a multicavity mold. { lo ¯ dи { lo ¯ ka ¯ dиiŋsərиfəs} location analysis [ DES ENG ] An initial step iniŋtra ¯ } loading weight [ ENG ] Weight of a powder put the design of a robotic system consisting of a detailed study of all aspects of the placement ofinto a container. { lo ¯ dиiŋwa ¯ t} load limit [ CIV ENG ] The maximum weight that components such as work stations, buffers, and materials-handling equipment, as well as acces-can be supported by a structure. [ MECH ENG ] The maximum recommended or permitted over- sories, tools, and workpieces within a work sta- tion. { lo ¯ ka ¯ иshən ənalиəиsəs}all weight of a container or a cargo-carrying vehi- cle that is determined by combining the weight location dimension [ DES ENG ] A dimension which specifies the position or distance relation-of the empty container or vehicle with the weight of the load. { lo ¯ d limиət } ship of one feature of an object with respect to another. { lo ¯ ka ¯ иshəndəmenиchən} load profile [ ENG ] A measure of the time distri- bution of a building’s energy requirements, in- location fit [ DES ENG ] The characteristic wherein mechanical sizes of mating parts arecluding the heating, cooling, and electrical loads. { lo ¯ d pro ¯ fı ¯ l } such that, when assembled, the parts are accu- rately positioned in relation to each other. load stabilization See load compensation. { lo ¯ d sta ¯ иbəиləza ¯ иshən} {lo ¯ ka ¯ иshən fit } 331 [...]... sorting operation in which mixtures of particles of mixed sizes, and often of different specific gravities, are separated into fractions by the action of a stream of fluid, usually water { mi kanиəи kəl klasиəиfə kaиshən } ¯ mechanical classifier [MECH ENG] Any of various machines that are commonly used to classify mixtures of particles of different sizes, and sometimes of different specific gravities;... onto a scale provides an indication of the vibration amplitude { ¦mekиəиno apиtəиkəl vı bramиədиər } ¯ ¨ ¯ ¨ mechatronics [ENG] A branch of engineering that incorporates the ideas of mechanical and electronic engineering into a whole, and, in particular, covers those areas of engineering concerned with the increasing integration of mechanical, electronic, and software engineering into a production process... [ENG] A measure of reliability of a piece of equipment, giving the average time before the first failure { men tım tə ¯ ¯ falиyər } ¯ mean time to repair [ENG] A measure of reliability of a piece of repairable equipment, giving the average time between repairs { men tım ¯ ¯ tə ri per } mean trajectory [MECH] The trajectory of a missile that passes through the center of impact or center of burst { men... size of screen or of particles passed by it in terms of the number of openings occurring per linear inch in each direction Also known as mesh size [ELEC] A set of branches forming a closed path in a network so that if any one branch is omitted from the set, the remaining branches of the set do not form a closed path Also known as loop [MECH ENG] Engagement or working contact of teeth of gears or of a... [MECH] A unit of volume equal to 10 3 liter or 10 6 cubic meter Abbreviated ml Also known as mil { milиə ledиər } ¯ millimeter [MECH] A unit of length equal to one-thousandth of a meter Abbreviated mm Also known as metric line; strich { milи ə medиər } ¯ millimeter of mercury [MECH] A unit of pressure, equal to the pressure exerted by a column of mercury 1 millimeter high with a density of 13.5951 grams... flanged wheels Also known as rail crane { loиkə modиiv ¦kran } ¯ ¯ ¯ loft [BUILD] 1 An upper part of a building 2 A work area in a factory or warehouse { loft } ˙ loft building [BUILD] A building with a large open floor area { loft bildиiŋ } ˙ log [ENG] The record of, or the act or process of recording, events or the type and characteristics of the rock penetrated in drilling a borehole as evidenced by the... algebraic mean of the three principal stresses { men ¦normиəl ˙ ¯ stres } mean pressure See mean effective pressure { men preshиər } ¯ mean specific heat [THERMO] The average over a specified range of temperature of the specific heat of a substance { men spə sifиik het } ¯ ¯ mean-square-error criterion [CONT SYS] Evaluation of the performance of a control system by calculating the square root of the average... maintenance [IND ENG] The upkeep of industrial facilities and equipment { mantиənиəns } ¯ maintenance engineering [IND ENG] The function of providing policy guidance for maintenance activities, and of exercising technical and management review of maintenance programs { mantиənиəns enиjə nirиiŋ } ¯ maintenance kit [ENG] A collection of items not all having the same basic name, which are of a supplementary nature... type of dry dock consisting of a cradle of wood or steel with rollers on which the ship may be hauled out of the water along a fixed inclined track leading up the bank of a waterway { mə ren ral wa } ¯ ¯ ¯ marine terminal [CIV ENG] That part of a port or harbor with facilities for docking, cargo-handling, and storage { mə ren termиənиəl } ¯ market analysis [IND ENG] The collection and evaluation of data... ¯ Mason’s theorem [CONT SYS] A formula for the overall transmittance of a signal flow graph in terms of transmittances of various paths in the graph { masиənz thirиəm } ¯ mass [MECH] A quantitative measure of a body’s resistance to being accelerated; equal to the inverse of the ratio of the body’s acceleration to the acceleration of a standard mass under otherwise identical conditions { mas } mass . weight of the load. { lo ¯ d limиət } ship of one feature of an object with respect to another. { lo ¯ ka ¯ иshəndəmenиchən} load profile [ ENG ] A measure of the time distri- bution of a building’s. about the axis of the strand. { leŋkth əv establishing a horizontal line of sight, usually by la ¯ } means of a spirit level or a pendulum device. length of shot [ ENG ] The depth of the shothole, {. escape that the potential energy of a system in stable or entry of a quantity, such as loss of neutrons equilibrium is a minimum relative to that of by diffusion from the core of a nuclear reactor, nearby