57 t(x, y) = xy  : 1. Giao hoán   : Hàm s : )z),y,x(s(s))y,x(s,x(s         xyzzx yz xy z y x z) y), (x,(ss xyzzx yz xy z y x z)) s(y, (x,s Hàm t :   +      x ),x(s ),x(s 0 11 ;      00 1 ),x( x ),x( t t -  ],[],[:n)x((n)x( A A 1010   Hàm negation : 1.      01 10 )(n )(n 2. n(n(x)) = x     n(y) Ví dụ : hàm 1  x -   1. s (x, t (y, z)) = t (s (x, y), s (x, z)) 2. t (x, s (y, z)) = s (t (x, y), t (x, z)) 3. n ( s (x, y)) = t (n (x), n (y)) 4. n ( t (x, y)) = s (n (x), n (y)) 6.4 : -  : If X 1 = v 1 và X 2 = v 2 và và X n = v n then Y = v + v i  -  : If  1 11 U A ~ X  và  2 22 U A ~ X  và và  n U nn A ~ X  then  V B ~ Y   - Logic   A  B U = {x 1 , x n  V = {y 1 , y n  -     A 58  X = (  1 * ,  2 * , ,  n * ) Y = (  1 B ,  2 B , , ,  n B )  i A =  A (x i )  j B  B (y j ) If X = x 1 then Y = y 1  11 If X = x 2 then Y = y m  1m If X = x n then Y = y 1  n1 If X = x n then Y = y m  nm    Ví dụ : -  :  ij = s (n ( i A ,  j B )) -  If x = V then Y = U  y 1 y 2 y m x 1  11  12  1m x 2  21  22  2m x n  n1  n2  nm -  :  ij =  i A .  j B  ij = min ( i A ,  j B ) -  If X = A  Y = B then Z = C R C/A, B = R C/A  R C/B If X = A If Y = B then Z = C then Z = C R C/A R C/B -  ijR = min ( iR ,  jR ) 59 Ví dụ : Xét  A = (0.1, 0.3, 0.6) B = (0.1, 0.3, 0.2) (Min) 0.1 0.1 0.1 (Product) 0.07 0.03 0.02 ( ) 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.21 0.03 0.06 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.42 0.18 0.12 0.7 0.4 0.4 -   If x 1 =  1 1 U A   2 2 U A    n U n A then  V BY   1 U n và V :  1 x U 2 x x U n x V If X = A then Y = B R B/A   ],[VxU: A/B 10  ],[)v,u( A/B 10    ],[U: A 10  ],[)u( A 10    ],[V: B 10  ],[)v( B 10  A/B   A  B )     BA  Chú ý : )y,x(smax )y,x(tmin  1 – x n (x) (kéo theo) ),(max BA   1   1 , r 2 , , r m } r i : left i  i  r i : B ~ YA ~ X A ~ XA ~ X nn  2211    }C ~ U, ,C ~ U,C ~ U{ ll  2211 60   = }D ~ V, ,D ~ V,D ~ V{ kk  2211   k21 DDD , ,,  ? i D   ), ,,;, ,,( GT R lm eeerrr       2121 - Procedure SD ( R : set of rules ; GT, KL : set of facts ; var KQ : Boolen ; vet : set of rules ) - GT KL B ~ YA ~ X A ~ XA ~ X nn  2211 nn A ~ X A ~ XA ~ X        2211 ), ,,(FBY n AArB      1 - Xét : B ~ YthenA ~ XIf  A ~ X   B ~ Y   AA/B R   B                   nmnn m m n ), ,,(     21 22221 11211 21 A ~  1 , x 2 , , x n } B ~  1 , y 2 , , y n } )x( iAi           n k kjkjBj y 1 .)(   )),((minmax kjk   ii B ~ YthenA ~ XIf  A/BAB R    61 A ~ X   B ~ Y       )R(max ii A/BAB        hay không ? + Heuristic (TTNT) + GT di truyền. B ~ YthenA ~ X A ~ XA ~ XIf nn  2211 nn A ~ X A ~ XA ~ X        2211 B ~ Y   n n A, ,A/B ~ AAAB R), ,,( 1 21     B ~ YthenA ~ XIf ii  i A ~ X    n i i B ~ B ~ Y;B ~ Y 1       B ~ YthenA ~ XA ~ XIf  2211 A ~ X    n i i B ~ B ~ Y;B ~ Y 1               AND :  OR :     Ví dụ : 1. If X = A 1 then Y = B 1 2. If X = A 2 then Y = B 2 3. If X = B 3 then Z = C 3 4. If X = B 4 then Z = C 4 62 5. If X = A 5 then Z = C 5 6. If X = A 6 then Y = B 1 7. If X = A 1  Y = B 6 then Z = C 7     : W = {+, } 11 A/B M a B 22 A/B M a b 44 B/C M a b (0.6 ; 0.2 ; 0.1) 1 0.6 0.5 1 0.7 0.8 a 0.6 0.7 2 0.3 0.9 2 0.4 0.3 b 0.8 0.5 3 0.2 0.1 3 0.3 0.6 33 B/C M 55 A/C M a b (0.6 ; 0.6) a 0.2 0.3 1 0.1 0.2 b 0.9 0.7 2 0.3 0.4 3 0.9 0.3  : X Y Z (DAG) ` x = A 0 = (0.6, 0.2, 0.1)  : 0 02 01 B 0.6) (0.6, Y 0.6) (0.6, Y )A ,(r MP - 0.5) (0.6, Y )A ,(r MP -       0 04 03 C 0.6) (0.6, 0.6) (0.6, Z)B ,(r MP - 0.6) (0.6, Z)B ,(r MP -       Z 0.2) (0.2, Z)A ,(r MP - 01  max  Z = (0.6, 0.6) *) 1 001 B 0.5) (0.6, Y )A ,(r MP -  0.6) (0.6, 0.6) (0.6, Z)B ,(r MP - 0.5) (0.6, Z)B ,(r MP - 1 04 1 03       2 002 B 0.6) (0.6, Y )A ,(r MP -  0.6) (0.6, 0.6) (0.6, Z)B ,(r MP - 0.6) (0.6, Z)B ,(r MP - 2 04 2 03       63 0.6) (0.6, Z 0.2) (0.2, )A ,(r MP - 05  Chứng minh :  1.  2.  norm :  t  conorm :  n(.) : not       có trong TLTK   4.  5.  6.  7.  Bài tập chương 6:    64 Đề cương ôn tập 1.  2.  3.  4.   5.  6.  65 Đề thi tham khảo: Đề 1: Câu 1 (3 đ): ên gia là gì?  Câu 2 (4 đ):  r1: a ^ b -> c r5: c ^ d -> e r2: b -> c r6: a ^ e -> f r3: b ^ h -> d r7: e ^ f -> m r4: a ^ c -> d    Câu 3 (3 đ) 0) và B = (0, 0.5, 1, 0.5, 0.4),  . Đề 2: Câu 1 (3 đ): Trong c V  Câu 2 (4 đ):  r1: b ^ c -> a r5: a ^ d -> e r2: b -> a r6: a ^ e -> k r3: a ^ h -> d r7: k ^ e -> x r4: a ^ c -> d , c b, c}, KL = {x  66 Câu 3 (3 đ) Cho lu - min. Đề 3: Câu 1 (3 đ)   Câu 2 (4 đ)                  T M D      Câu 3 (3 đ)        1. H 2. C 3. C 4. S .  r1: b ^ c -& gt; a r5: a ^ d -& gt; e r2: b -& gt; a r6: a ^ e -& gt; k r3: a ^ h -& gt; d r7: k ^ e -& gt; x r4: a ^ c -& gt; d , c. MP -  0.6) (0.6, 0.6) (0.6, Z)B ,(r MP - 0.5) (0.6, Z)B ,(r MP - 1 04 1 03       2 002 B 0.6) (0.6, Y )A ,(r MP -  0.6) (0.6, 0.6) (0.6, Z)B ,(r MP - 0.6) (0.6, Z)B ,(r MP - 2 04 2 03       . ên gia là gì?  Câu 2 (4 đ):  r1: a ^ b -& gt; c r5: c ^ d -& gt; e r2: b -& gt; c r6: a ^ e -& gt;