STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGNER’S HANDBOOK Roger L. Brockenbrough Editor R. L. Brockenbrough & Associates, Inc. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Frederick S. Merritt Editor Late Consulting Engineer, West Palm Beach, Florida Third Edition McGRAW-HILL, INC. New York San Francisco Washington, D.C. Auckland Bogota´ Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Delhi San Juan Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Structural steel designer’s handbook / Roger L. Brockenbrough, editor, Frederick S. Merritt, editor.—3rd ed. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-07-008782-2 1. Building, Iron and steel. 2. Steel, Structural. I. Brockenbrough, R. L. II. Merritt, Frederick S. TA684.S79 1994 624.1 Ј821—dc20 93-38088 CIP Copyright ᭧ 1999, 1994, 1972 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 1234567890 DOC/DOC 99876543 ISBN 0-07-008782-2 The sponsoring editor for this book was Larry S. Hager, the editing supervisor was Steven Melvin, and the production supervisor was Sherri Souffrance. It was set in Times Roman by Pro-Image Corporation. Printed and bound by R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Information contained in this work has been obtained by Mc- Graw-Hill, Inc. from sources believed to be reliable. However, neither McGraw-Hill nor its authors guarantees the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein and neither Mc- Graw-Hill nor its authors shall be responsible for any errors, omissions, or damages arising out of use of this information. This work is published with the understanding that McGraw-Hill and its authors are supplying information but are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services. If such services are required, the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought. Other McGraw-Hill Book Edited by Roger L. Brockenbrough Brockenbrough & Boedecker • HIGHWAY ENGINEERING HANDBOOK Other McGraw-Hill Books Edited by Frederick S. Merritt Merritt • STANDARD HANDBOOK FOR CIVIL ENGINEERS Merritt & Ricketts • BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION HANDBOOK Other McGraw-Hill Books of Interest Beall • MASONRY DESIGN AND DETAILING Breyer • DESIGN OF WOOD STRUCTURES Brown • FOUNDATION BEHAVIOR AND REPAIR Faherty & Williamson • WOOD ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION HANDBOOK Gaylord & Gaylord • STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING HANDBOOK Harris • NOISE CONTROL IN BUILDINGS Kubal • WATERPROOFING THE BUILDING ENVELOPE Newman • STANDARD HANDBOOK OF STRUCTURAL DETAILS FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Sharp • BEHAVIOR AND DESIGN OF ALUMINUM STRUCTURES Waddell & Dobrowolski • CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION HANDBOOK xv CONTRIBUTORS Boring, Delbert F., P.E. Senior Director, Construction Market, American Iron and Steel Institute, Washington, D.C. ( SECTION 6 BUILDING DESIGN CRITERIA ) Brockenbrough, Roger L., P.E. R. L. Brockenbrough & Associates, Inc., Pittsburgh, Penn- sylvania ( SECTION 1 PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL STEELS AND EFFECTS OF STEELMAKING AND FABRICATION; SECTION 10 COLD-FORMED STEEL DESIGN ) Cuoco, Daniel A., P.E. Principal, LZA Technology/Thornton-Tomasetti Engineers, New York, New York ( SECTION 8 FLOOR AND ROOF SYSTEMS ) Cundiff, Harry B., P.E. HBC Consulting Service Corp., Atlanta, Georgia ( SECTION 11 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR BRIDGES ) Geschwindner, Louis F., P.E. Professor of Architectural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania ( SECTION 4 ANALYSIS OF SPECIAL STRUCTURES ) Haris, Ali A. K., P.E. President, Haris Enggineering, Inc., Overland Park, Kansas ( SECTION 7 DESIGN OF BUILDING MEMBERS ) Hedgren, Arthur W. Jr., P.E. Senior Vice President, HDR Engineering, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ( SECTION 14 ARCH BRIDGES ) Hedefine, Alfred, P.E. Former President, Parsons, Brinckerhoff, Quade & Douglas, Inc., New York, New York ( SECTION 12 BEAM AND GIRDER BRIDGES ) Kane, T., P.E. Cives Steel Company, Roswell, Georgia ( SECTION 5 CONNECTIONS ) Kulicki, John M., P.E. President and Chief Engineer, Modjeski and Masters, Inc., Harris- burg, Pennsylvania ( SECTION 13 TRUSS BRIDGES ) LaBoube, R. A., P.E. Associate Professor of Civil Engineering, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, Missouri ( SECTION 6 BUILDING DESIGN CRITERIA ) LeRoy, David H., P.E. Vice President, Modjeski and Masters, Inc., Harrisburg, Pennsylvania ( SECTION 13 TRUSS BRIDGES ) Mertz, Dennis, P.E. Associate Professor of Civil Engineering, University of Delaware, New- ark, Delaware ( SECTION 11 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR BRIDGES ) Nickerson, Robert L., P.E. Consultant-NBE, Ltd., Hempstead, Maryland ( SECTION 11 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR BRIDGES ) Podolny, Walter, Jr., P.E. Senior Structural Engineer Bridge Division, Office of Bridge Technology, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washing- ton, D. C. ( SECTION 15 CABLE-SUSPENDED BRIDGES ) Prickett, Joseph E., P.E. Senior Associate, Modjeski and Masters, Inc., Harrisburg, Penn- sylvania ( SECTION 13 TRUSS BRIDGES ) xvi CONTRIBUTORS Roeder, Charles W., P.E. Professor of Civil Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington ( SECTION 9 LATERAL-FORCE DESIGN ) Schflaly, Thomas, Director, Fabricating & Standards, American Institute of Steel Construc- tion, Inc., Chicago, Illinois ( SECTION 2 FABRICATION AND ERECTION ) Sen, Mahir, P.E. Professional Associate, Parsons Brinckerhoff, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey ( SECTION 12 BEAM AND GIRDER BRIDGES ) Swindlehurst, John, P.E. Former Senior Professional Associate, Parsons Brinckerhoff, Inc., West Trenton, New Jersey ( SECTION 12 BEAM AND GIRDER BRIDGES ) Thornton, William A., P.E. Chief Engineer, Cives Steel Company, Roswell, Georgia ( SEC- TION 5 CONNECTIONS ) Ziemian, Ronald D., Associate Professor of Civil Engineering, Bucknell University, Lew- isburg, Pennsylvania ( SECTION 3 GENERAL STRUCTURAL THEORY ) xxi FACTORS FOR CONVERSION TO SI UNITS OF MEASUREMENT QUANTITY TO CONVERT FROM CUSTOMARY U.S. UNIT TO METRIC UNIT MULTIPLY BY Length inch foot mm mm 25.4 304.8 Mass lb kg 0.45359 Mass/unit length plf kg/m 1.488 16 Mass/unit area psf kg/m 2 4.882 43 Mass density pcf kg/m 3 16.018 5 Force pound kip kip N N kN 4.448 22 4448.22 4.448 22 Force/unit length klf klf N/mm kN/m 14.593 9 14.593 9 Stress ksi psi MPa kPa 6.894 76 6.894 76 Bending Moment foot-kips foot-kips N-mm kN-m 1 355 817 1.355 817 Moment of inertia in 4 mm 4 416 231 Section modulus in 3 mm 3 16 387.064 . 76 6.894 76 Bending Moment foot-kips foot-kips N-mm kN-m 1 355 817 1. 355 817 Moment of inertia in 4 mm 4 416 2 31 Section modulus in 3 mm 3 16 387.064 . plf kg/m 1. 488 16 Mass/unit area psf kg/m 2 4.882 43 Mass density pcf kg/m 3 16 . 018 5 Force pound kip kip N N kN 4.448 22 4448.22 4.448 22 Force/unit length klf klf N/mm kN/m 14 .593 9 14 .593 9 Stress. Structural. I. Brockenbrough, R. L. II. Merritt, Frederick S. TA684.S79 19 94 624 .1 Ј8 21 dc20 93-38088 CIP Copyright ᭧ 19 99, 19 94, 19 72 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United