© 2003 BY CRC PRESS LLC CHAPTER 10 Decontamination and Assessment Brian Wight and Martha J. Boss CONTENTS 10.1 Initial On-Site Determination of Current Conditions 10.2 Assessment Phase 10.3 Decontamination Assessment Phase 10.3.1 Porous Materials 10.3.2 Hard-Surface Materials 10.4 Project Manual 10.5 Part 1: General 10.5.1 Summary 10.5.2 Related Work 10.5.3 References 10.5.4 Definitions 10.5.5 Submittals 10.5.6 Quality Assurance/Quality Control 10.5.7 Project Conditions 10.5.8 Clearance Criteria 10.6 Part 2: Products 10.7 Part 3: Execution 10.7.1 Personal Protective Equipment 10.7.2 Hygiene Facilities and Practices 10.7.3 Load-Out Unit 10.7.4 Decontamination Area Entry Procedures 10.7.5 Decontamination Area Exit Procedures 10.7.6 Regulated Areas 10.7.7 Warning Signs and Tape 10.7.8 Local Exhaust Ventilation 10.7.9 General Requirements 10.7.10 Protection of Adjacent Work or Areas to Remain 10.7.11 Objects 10.7.12 Building Ventilation System and Critical Barriers 10.7.13 Compliance Methods 10.7.14 Negative-Pressure Enclosure System © 2003 BY CRC PRESS LLC 10.7.15 Clean-Up and Disposal 10.8 Certificate of Worker’s Acknowledgment 10.9 Special Procedures for Flooding 10.9.1 Universal Precautions 10.9.2 Health Precautions 10.9.3 Washing 10.9.4 Cuts, Abrasions, Lacerations, and Puncture Wounds 10.9.5 General Biosafety Precautions 10.9.6 General Chemical Safety 10.9.7 Cleaning and Decontamination Procedures 10.9.8 Bleach 10.9.9 Personal Protective Equipment 10.9.10 Food and Drinking Water 10.9.11 Building Structure 10.9.12 Electrical 10.9.13 Liquid Propane (LP), Natural Gas, and Fuel Oil Lines 10.9.14 Building Materials 10.9.15 Personal Property 10.9.16 Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Systems Bibliography This section presents sample site-assessment specification language and an analysis of speci- fication development to be used for Biosafety Level 1 or 2 decontamination. Site-specific infor- mation may, of course, substantially alter decontamination requirements. Before specifications can be issued, an investigation and site assessment must be conducted. The following text provides an assessment and decontamination hierarchy. Site-specific considerations may substantially alter this hierarchy, and the scope of work should reflect the needed alterations. Safety planning to provide protocols for physical safety and to ensure limited worker exposures must be developed prior to any initial entry. 10.1 INITIAL ON-SITE DETERMINATION OF CURRENT CONDITIONS (See Figure 10.1.) Note: Mediation may be by abatement of the hazard or evacuation of the building. Figure 10.1 Decision tree based on surface type. NO, porous materials are present. YES, only hard surfac e materials are present. Are the materials to be decontaminate d hard surfaces that will not absorb liquids during the decontamination events? © 2003 BY CRC PRESS LLC 10.2 ASSESSMENT PHASE Fill in all rows of the assessment checklist with an answer, and leave no blanks. Take pictures, if that task is in the scope of your work. Do not take pictures if they are not required for your particular task or without approval by the project manager. Follow the personal protective equipment (PPE) protocols in the site planning documents (Figure 10.2). If questions arise as to safety or health, consult the project manager, who will refer any unresolved questions to safety and health personnel. Do not take any chances with your health. 10.3 DECONTAMINATION ASSESSMENT PHASE For biological contamination and subsequent remediation, design documents may be required. Design actions that ultimately lead to specification generation and the assemblage of bids from approved remediation contractors may be required. This document presented herein is not a sub - stitute for site-specific specifications. 10.3.1 Porous Materials If possible, dispose of these as sanitary debris. Check with local and state codes. Federal mandates for class II biologicals are not currently codified. Local and state codes may be the defining criteria for disposal of class II biologicals. Most mold contamination remains a class II situation. If pretreatment prior to removal of these materials is needed, the spent biocide residual in the porous matrix may have to be considered during disposal. For instances when the porous materials must be saved, a cost–benefit analysis should be conducted. Currently, guarantees of residual safety for most biocides cannot be substantiated by peer-reviewed research findings. This means that while the biological risk may be ameliorated, the risk associated with the residual biocide may become preeminent. Often the cost of saving these materials eliminates the ultimate benefit. Figure 10.2 Decision tree based on property use. Is the property currently in use? Is an imminent hazard suspected upon entry? Notify the Project Manager immediately. Back-off and await further instructions. During the waiting period, assess your PPE needs. Do you have adequate PPE to reenter? Entry can be safely accomplished given initial on-site assessment. No human beings are in danger given current conditions. Any noted additional hazards to human occupancy have been mediated. PPE is adequate and no upgrade is needed. PPE in use Begin assessment Begin investigation © 2003 BY CRC PRESS LLC Mixed results have been documented for a combination of biocides and ozone treatments. Often ultraviolet (UV) lighting is used as an adjunct to ozone treatments. Essentially, the biocides and ozone are poisons. The UV lighting is used to lyse the spore cases or encysted biologicals. Repeated treatments are often required. Layering, such as is common in installed wall-to-wall carpeting with underlying pad and wood base, must be considered. Stretched, jute-backed carpet often has a treated jute backing, and the residual stiffening agents and glue are not amenable to repeated biocide treatment. The carpet manufacturer should be consulted as to the predicted outcome of biocide treatments. Treating underlying foam padding, whether in carpet or upholstered furniture, presents several problems. The foam is compressible and will load with biocide liquids. Transmission of the biocide throughout the layers is often not uniform, and drying is also often not uniform. Drying is an important consideration both for reuse and also in terms of the added biocide effect imparted by the drying event. Hidden porous materials, such as insulation, may be present in the lining of appliances. Frost- free refrigerators have a defrost cycle, and the presence of insulation that may be contaminated during the intake of air in the defrost cycle and potential leakage into refrigerator layers must be considered. Refrigerators and freezers that leak a freon/mineral-oil mix from compressor and evaporative coil lines will contribute to the potential organic food base for these appliance surfaces and the surrounding areas. Dishwashers insulated to run quietly will have insulation in the dishwasher doors, and any breach of the door may have allowed this insulation to be contaminated. Items that can be washed and dried, preferably using bleach, often can be saved; however, a dryer that vents into the surrounding environs should not be used. Dryers with wet basin vents should also not be used; these vents should be removed and replaced with venting to an outdoor environment. Venting must not be to crawl spaces. Items that can be drycleaned can sometimes be saved; however, the drycleaning establishment must be notified that a class II biological risk is present. This notification should be in writing and must be secured to the items prior to delivery for cleaning. Items delivered to laundry or drycleaning facilities should be bagged. Alcohol bags that dissolve on contact with water are recommended for laundry, but these alcohol bags must not be used for drycleaning! Family heirlooms, corporate historical files, and other items of personal and professional significance to the owners can be fogged with biocide. Fogging should occur in a confined, negative air pressure in a contained and filtered environment. The protocols used are similar to asbestos protocols, with the added considerations for biological contaminants and biocide usage. Copying and other means of reproducing paper copy should be considered, with appropriate safeguards for copy services. The filtration systems in photocopier exhausts can potentially become contaminated during photocopying events. Fiberglass and foam liners, whether in ductwork or as other building components, lofts with time and is often a nest for biologicals. Decontamination may involve both biocide treatment and compression of the liners. Compression is accomplished mechanically either with the application of chemical products or by relining with hard-surface, inner compression cores. 10.3.2 Hard-Surface Materials Painted hard-surface materials may provide a growth matrix. Decontamination of painted surfaces requires the application of biocide with additional chemical concentration and dwell time vs. decontamination of bare metal. The potential oxidation of all metals must be considered during the planning stages. Oxidation may occur many feet from a biocide application as the chemical moves through the ambient air stream. Semiporous surfaces such as gypsum board and oak tag may require sequential treatment to assure that adequate wetting and drying cycles have occurred during biocide application. © 2003 BY CRC PRESS LLC Wicking of the biocide up and through wood or other semiporous materials must also be consid- ered. Most wood finishes will not withstand the application of concentrated biocides. Sequential application may be one answer to saving the wood finish. The concentration of biocide used in sequential applications will be one that is not sufficient to resuspend the wood finish. Repeated applications over time, however, will deposit sufficient biocide to guarantee the required residual effect. Nonliquid means of biocide application may also be used on hard surfaces. Issues associated with dwell time, energy use, and repletion of treatment must all be considered. No treatment, whether chemical-liquid biocides, gas-delivered biocides, biocide powders, or the application of energy sources such as UV lighting, should be considered as a guarantee. The isolation of point sources of contam - ination may be easier with hard surfaces. These areas can then be treated with an extra biocide or ultraviolet energy application at the outset. Cabinetry and the hidden surfaces on furnishings may require additional treatment of dead air spaces associated with false bottoms. The juncture points of cabinets may also contain vertical plenum spaces where biologicals can amplify. The interior of toilet bowls and the make-up water tank must also be decontaminated. Any failure of the toilet seal should also be considered as problematic, as leaking sewage and waters will contribute to the potential biological amplification under toilets. Hard-surface structures with numerous crevices or folds will present additional problems. An example is flexible ductwork; each of the folds in the ductwork can become a biological amplification site. 10.4 PROJECT MANUAL A project manual is necessary to accurately define the work and to establish the contract terms and conditions. The project manual consists of bidding requirements, contract forms, conditions of the contract, and technical specifications. The bidding requirements, contract forms, and conditions of the contract are typically called the upfront specifications. A technical specification is the part of the contract documents or project manual that describes the technical work requirements necessary to complete the decontamination. Specifications are intended to complement the drawings and present the specific materials, equipment, biocides, and procedures required to complete the decontamination. Drawings are the part of the contract documents that describes the geometry of the work. This chapter describes the information required in a decontamination technical specification. A technical specification is typically separated into three parts: Part 1, General; Part 2, Products; and Part 3, Execution. Each part generally contains several main items, or subparts. • Part 1 (General) defines the summary, related work, references, definitions, submittals, quality assurance/quality control, project conditions, and certificates. • Part 2 (Products) describes the technical requirements for the products and materials used in the execution of the work. • Part 3 (Execution) defines the specific work practices and procedures to complete the work. These parts and sample subparts are discussed here, with sample sections following the discus- sion. Keep in mind that the specifications are site specific, and the sample sections presented here may or may not be applicable to your project needs. 10.5 PART 1: GENERAL 10.5.1 Summary This subpart describes the work covered by the technical specifications. In many cases, several decontamination technical specifications are needed to define the work accurately. For example, if © 2003 BY CRC PRESS LLC a project has mold contamination on the drywall and in the air-handling unit (AHU), the project manual would likely have a drywall decontamination specification and an AHU decontamination specification. Summary statements usually include statements of work and/or scope of work items. Items listed in summary form may include: • Removal techniques for the biological contaminants • Procedures and equipment required to protect workers and occupants of the regulated area from contact with airborne biocides, biological contaminants, dust, and debris • Containment, storage, transportation, and disposal of the generated biological contaminants/wastes 10.5.2 Related Work This subpart references other specifications that may be related to the work covered by the technical specifications. Referencing is done to reduce duplication of methods that can be used by more than one technical specification. Text duplication from one specification sector to another is avoided to eliminate the potential for describing work methods differently from one specification sector to another. For example, if a large decontamination project has a site-specific health and safety specification, that specification is listed as related work instead of repeating the health and safety requirements throughout the separate specification text elements. 10.5.3 References This subpart presents references that will be used in the execution of the work and in obtaining products and materials. These references typically include federal, state, and local regulations and codes. A project may include several technical specifications that reference the same federal, state, and local regulations. In these cases, the project manual may include a reference specification section in each technical specification, or a separate composite section may be developed either as a stand-alone document or in parallel to separate listings in each technical specification. 10.5.4 Definitions This subpart defines the terms in the technical specification that will be used in the execution of the work and in obtaining products and materials. Defining the terms reduces the potential for conflict when two entities define the terms differently. For example, the contractor may define a disposable bag as a trashcan liner bought at the local grocery store, when the actual definition may be a 6-mil-thick, leaktight, plastic bag that is prelabeled and used for transporting waste to the disposal site. Another example is the term contractor, which, as used in this chapter, means the abatement contractor. Other contractors may also be present on-site and a clear definition of who, what, and where is consistently required in all project documents. In order to determine that everyone starts out with the same definitions for certain terms, some definitions are listed within the body of specifications. When regulatory definitions are used, the standards or regulations may also be listed. Sample Definitions • Adequately wet: To sufficiently mix or penetrate with liquid to prevent the release of particulate (defined in 40 CFR 61, Subpart M, and EPA 340/1-90-019). • Aggressive method: Removal or disturbance of building material by sanding, abrading, grinding, or other method that breaks, crumbles, or disintegrates material. • Amended water: Water containing a wetting agent or surfactant with a surface tension of at least 29 dynes per square centimeter when tested in accordance with ASTM D 1331. © 2003 BY CRC PRESS LLC • Authorized person: Any person authorized by the contractor and required by work duties to be present in the regulated areas. • Building inspector: Individual who inspects buildings for biological decontamination adequacy. • Certified Industrial Hygienist (CIH): Industrial hygienist certified in the practice of industrial hygiene by the American Board of Industrial Hygiene (ABIH). • Clean room: Uncontaminated room having facilities for the storage of employees’ street clothing and uncontaminated materials and equipment. • Competent person: In addition to the definition in 29 CFR 1926, Section.32(f), a person who is capable of identifying existing hazards and selecting the appropriate control strategy and has the authority to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate these hazards. • Contractor/supervisor: Individual who supervises decontamination work and has the necessary training to be deemed competent. • Critical barrier: One or more layers of plastic sealed over all openings into a regulated area or any other similarly placed physical barrier, sufficient to prevent airborne transmittal of biological contaminants and/or migration of biocide fogs in a regulated area to an adjacent area. • Decontamination area: Enclosed area adjacent and connected to the regulated area and consisting of an equipment room, shower area, and clean room, which are used for the decontamination of workers, materials, and equipment contaminated with biological contamination or biocides. • Demolition: The wrecking or taking out of any load-supporting structural member and any related razing, removing, or stripping of building materials. • Disposal bag: A 6-mil-thick, leaktight, plastic bag that is prelabeled and used for transporting waste from containment to disposal site. • Disturbance: Activities that disrupt the matrix of biological contaminants, crumble or pulverize biological contaminants, or generate visible debris from biological contaminants. Disturbance includes the cutting away of small amounts of materials containing biological contaminants, no greater than the amount that can be contained in one standard-sized glovebag or wastebag, not larger than 60 inches in length and width, in order to access a building component. • Equipment room or area: An area adjacent to the regulated area used for the decontamination of employees and their equipment. • Employee exposure: That exposure to airborne biological contamination and/or biocides that would occur if the employee were not using respiratory protective equipment. • High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter: Filter capable of trapping and retaining at least 99.97% of all monodispersed particles 0.3 µm in diameter. • Industrial hygienist: Professional qualified by education, training, and experience to anticipate, recognize, evaluate, and develop controls for occupational health hazards. • Intact: Biological contaminated material that has not crumbled, been pulverized, or otherwise deteriorated. • Modification: A changed or altered procedure, material, or component of a control system that replaces a procedure, material, or component of a required system. • Negative exposure assessment: A demonstration by the contractor to show that biological contam- ination is not in evidence, given sampling results. • Permissible exposure limits (PELs): Concentration of chemicals not in excess of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)-established limits for an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA). • Regulated area: Area established by the contractor to demarcate areas where biological decontam- ination work is conducted, debris and waste from such biological contamination work accumulate, and airborne concentrations of biocides or biological contaminants exceed (or there is a reasonable possibility they may exceed) the permissible exposure limit (defined in 29 CFR 1926, Sec - tion.1101). • Removal: All operations where biological contaminants are taken out or stripped from structures or substrates, including demolition operations. • Repair: Overhauling, rebuilding, reconstructing, or reconditioning of structures or substrates, including encapsulation or other repair of biological contaminants attached to structures or substrates. © 2003 BY CRC PRESS LLC • Spills/emergency clean-ups: Clean-up of sizable amounts of waste and debris which has occurred, for example, when water damage occurs in a building and sizable amounts of biological contaminants are dislodged. A competent person evaluates the site and biological contaminants to be handled and, based on the type, condition, and extent of the dislodged material, decides on clean-up methods to be used. • Worker: Individual (not designated as the competent person or a supervisor) who performs bio- logical decontamination work and has been trained to perform said work safely. 10.5.5 Submittals This subpart is used to specify the information required in each submittal. Submittal items include, but are not limited to, manufacturers’ data sheets, Material Safety Data Sheets, health and safety plans, training certificates, and physician’s statements. Various submittals may be required before work begins. Because the generation of these documents can involve time and effort, these costs must be included in all project estimates. Examples of submittal items are provided below. 10.5.5.1 Materials and Equipment List Materials and equipment lists include manufacturers’ data for all materials and equipment to be used, including brand name, model, capacity, performance characteristics, and any other pertinent information. Following are examples of such materials and equipment: • Vacuum cleaning equipment (must have manufacturer’s certifications showing compliance with ANSI Z9.2) • Water filtration equipment • HEPA local exhaust equipment, other ventilation equipment, or pressure differential monitor for HEPA local exhaust equipment • Air monitoring equipment • Respirators and PPE • Duct tape, disposal containers, disposal bags, sheet plastic, polyethylene sheeting • Wetting agents, biocides, and coating materials (must have certificates from the manufacturers stating that materials meet the applicable specified performance requirements) • Prefabricated or constructed decontamination units • Material Safety Data Sheets (for all chemicals proposed) • Encapsulants (must have test results and certificates from the manufacturers substantiating com- pliance with performance requirements of this specification) • Miscellaneous necessary items, such as scrapers; brushes; brooms; staple guns; tarpaulins; shovels; rubber squeegees; dust pans; other tools; scaffolding; staging; enclosed chutes; wooden ladders; lumber necessary for the construction of containments; Underwriters Laboratories (UL)-approved temporary electrical equipment, material, and cords; groundfault circuit interrupters; water hoses of sufficient length; fire extinguishers; first aid kits, portable toilets; logbooks; log forms; markers with indelible ink; spray paint in bright colors to mark areas; project boundary fencing; etc. 10.5.5.2 Drawings Descriptions, detailed project drawings, and site layouts may be required and should include worksite containment area techniques, local exhaust ventilation system locations, decontamination and load-out units, other temporary waste storage facilities, access tunnels, location of temporary utilities (electrical, water, sewer), and boundaries of each regulated area. 10.5.5.3 Qualifications and Organization Report The Qualifications and Organization Report is a written report providing evidence of qualifi- cations for personnel assigned to the work may be required. This report should include copies of © 2003 BY CRC PRESS LLC all required certifications and training documentation. The contractor should furnish a written Qualifications and Organization Report providing evidence of: • Qualifications of the contractor, the contractor’s project supervisor, designated competent person, supervisors, and workers • Designated independent Certified Industrial Hygienist (CIH) • Independent testing laboratory (including name of firm, principal, and analysts who will perform analyses) • All subcontractors to be used, including disposal transportation and disposal facility firms, sub- contractor supervisors, subcontractor workers, and any others assigned to perform biological decontamination or abatement and support activities The report should include an organization chart showing the contractor’s staff organization for this project by name and title, chain of command, and reporting relationship with all subcontractors. The report should be signed by the contractor, the contractor’s on-site project manager, designated competent person, independent CIH, designated testing laboratory, and the principals of all sub - contractors to be used. The contractor should provide in writing: • The name, address, telephone number, and résumé of the contractor’s designated competent person/site supervisor • Evidence that the full-time designated competent person is qualified and experienced in the administration and supervision of biological decontamination or abatement projects, including: • Exposure assessment and monitoring • Work practices and abatement methods • Protective measures for personnel • Setting up and inspecting abatement work areas • Evaluating the integrity of containment barriers • Placement and operation of local exhaust systems • Biological-contaminant-generated waste containment and disposal procedures • Decontamination unit installation and maintenance requirements • Site safety and health requirements • Notification of other employees on-site The duties of the competent person should include the following: • Control entry to and exit from the regulated area • Supervise employee exposure monitoring • Ensure that all employees working within a regulated area wear the appropriate PPE, are trained in the use of appropriate methods of exposure control, and use the hygiene facilities and decon- tamination procedures specified • Ensure that engineering controls in use are in proper operating condition and are functioning properly The designated competent person should be responsible for compliance with applicable federal, state, and local requirements and the contractor’s Site-Specific Safety and Health Plan (SSHP). The designated competent person should be on-site at all times this project is conducted. The owner should provide the name, address, telephone number, résumé, and other information specified below for the designated CIH who has been selected to: • Review the contractor’s Biological Decontamination Plan • Review the contractor’s Training Program • Direct air monitoring © 2003 BY CRC PRESS LLC The designated CIH should be a person who is board certified in the practice of industrial hygiene as determined and documented by the American Board of Industrial Hygiene and has a minimum of 2 years of comprehensive experience in planning and overseeing biological decon - tamination or abatement activities. A copy of the designated CIH’s current, valid ABIH certification should be included. The designated CIH should be on-site at all times during the initial first week of biological decontamination/abatement and visit the site at least once per week for the duration of biological decontamination or abatement activities and should be available for emergencies. In addition, the designated CIH should submit the names, addresses, telephone numbers, and résumés of additional industrial hygienists (IHs) and industrial hygiene technicians (IHTs) who will be assisting the designated CIH in performing on-site tasks. Training documentation will be required for all employees performing biological decontami- nation or abatement operations. Such documentation should be submitted on a contractor-generated form titled Certificate of Worker’s Acknowledgment, to be completed for each employee in the same format and containing the same information as the example certificate at the end of this section. Training course completion certificates (initial and most recent update refresher) required by the information checked on the form should be attached. The contractor should provide the name, medical qualifications, address, telephone number and résumé of the physician who will or has performed the medical examinations and evaluations of the persons who will conduct the biological decontamination or abatement work tasks. The phy - sician should be currently licensed by the state where the workers will be or have been examined, have expertise in pneumoconiosis, and should be responsible for the determination of medical surveillance protocols and review of examination and test results performed in compliance with 29 CFR 1926, Section 1101, paragraph Medical Requirements. The physician should be familiar with the hazards of the site and the scope of the project. The names of at least two persons who are currently trained in first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by the American Red Cross or other approved agency should be designated and should be on-site at all times during site operations. They should be trained in Universal Precautions and the use of PPE as described in the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard of 29 CFR 1910, Section.1030, and should be included in the contractor’s Bloodborne Pathogen Program. These persons may perform other duties but should be immediately available to render first aid when needed. A copy of each designated person’s current, valid First Aid and CPR certificate should be provided. The CIH should provide the name, address, and telephone number of the independent testing laboratory selected to perform the sample analyses and report the results. The contractor should provide written evidence that the landfill to be used is approved for biological decontamination/abatement disposal by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and state and local regulatory agencies. Copies of signed agreements between the contractor (including subcontractors and transporters) and the biological waste disposal facility to accept and dispose of all sanitary and construction waste generated during the performance of this contract should be provided. Qualifications should be provided for each subcontractor or transporter to be used, indicating previous experience in transport and disposal of biological waste to include all required state and local waste hauler requirements for sanitary waste. The contractor and transporters should meet the Department of Transportation (DOT) requirements of 49 CFR 171, 49 CFR 172, and 49 CFR 173, as well as the registration requirements of 49 CFR 107 and other applicable state or local requirements. The disposal facility should also meet applicable state or local requirements. 10.5.5.4 Training Program The training program is a copy of the written project site-specific training material that will be used to train on-site employees. The training document should be signed by the contractor’s designated CIH and competent person. Prior to commencement of work, each [...]... licenses, permits, and notifications should be obtained in conjunction with the project’s biological decontamination or abatement, transportation, and disposal actions and timely notification furnished of such actions as required by federal, state, regional, and local authorities 10. 5.5.11 Clean-Up and Disposal The clean-up and disposal waste section includes the shipment record forms to be used 10. 5.6 Quality... decontaminated, and dried thoroughly before being placed back in the air-handling unit Qualified service personnel should replace the gas control valves on gas-combustion units They should also clean, check, and service the heating and air conditioning equipment and the control systems of all air-handling units that were under water Registers or diffusers can be removed, washed, decontaminated, and reinstalled... soap and water, and then be checked by medical personnel 10. 9.7 Cleaning and Decontamination Procedures Surfaces should always be cleaned and decontaminated The following procedure is one used for cleaning and decontaminating surfaces that have been under water inside post-flood buildings: • • • • • • • Remove debris and materials that cannot be shoveled or scooped Shovel or scoop up dirt and mud and. .. example, electrical hazards or equipment malfunction and in roofing) • Prompt clean-up and disposal in leaktight containers of wastes and debris © 2003 BY CRC PRESS LLC • Inspection and repair of polyethylene in work and high-traffic areas • Cleaning of equipment and surfaces of containers prior to removing them from the equipment room or area 10. 7.14 Negative-Pressure Enclosure System The NPE system should... LLC 10. 9.3 Washing Wash hands and face frequently with antibacterial soap and drinking-quality water When washing hands, scrub the areas under nails with a fingernail brush; dirt under the nails can harbor contaminated material Wash hands and face before eating anything or smoking; contaminated material from dirt on the face and hands can be transferred to food or cigarettes and ingested or inhaled... in order to control the spread of biological contaminants wastes and airborne concentrations • Fire and medical emergency response procedures • The security procedures to be used for all regulated areas 10. 5.5.9 Reports Reports include the results of exposure assessment and air monitoring, local exhaust ventilation records, and pressure differential recordings 10. 5.5 .10 Licenses, Permits, and Notifications... established and implemented in accordance with 29 CFR 1 910. 1200 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) should be provided for all hazardous materials brought onto the worksite 10. 5.5.8 Site-Specific Safety and Health Plan The contractor should develop and submit a written comprehensive Site-Specific Safety and Health Plan (SSHP) at least 10 days prior to the preremediation conference The Safety and Health... beginning of the project and should be periodically changed as necessary and disposed of as sanitary waste 10. 7.15 Clean-Up and Disposal All biological contaminated waste, including contaminated wastewater filters, scrap, debris, bags, containers, equipment, and contaminated clothing, should be collected and placed in leaktight containers such as double plastic bags, sealed double-wrapped polyethylene... been trained in the dangers of handling and breathing contaminants and in the proper work procedures and use and limitations of the respirator(s) I will wear I have been trained in and will abide by the facial hair and contact lens use policy of my employer Respirator Fit-Test Training • I have been trained in the proper selection, fit, use, care, cleaning, maintenance, and storage of the respirator(s)... decontaminated with a 10% bleach solution 10. 7.1.7 Protective Eye Wear Eye protection provided should be in accordance with ANSI Z87.1 10. 7.2 Hygiene Facilities and Practices The contractor should establish a decontamination area for the decontamination of employees, material, and equipment The contractor should ensure that employees enter and exit the regulated area through the decontamination area . Facilities and Practices 10. 7.3 Load-Out Unit 10. 7.4 Decontamination Area Entry Procedures 10. 7.5 Decontamination Area Exit Procedures 10. 7.6 Regulated Areas 10. 7.7 Warning Signs and Tape 10. 7.8. Assessment Phase 10. 3.1 Porous Materials 10. 3.2 Hard-Surface Materials 10. 4 Project Manual 10. 5 Part 1: General 10. 5.1 Summary 10. 5.2 Related Work 10. 5.3 References 10. 5.4 Definitions 10. 5.5 Submittals. CRC PRESS LLC CHAPTER 10 Decontamination and Assessment Brian Wight and Martha J. Boss CONTENTS 10. 1 Initial On-Site Determination of Current Conditions 10. 2 Assessment Phase 10. 3 Decontamination