1999 CRC Press LLC INTERNATIONAL E NVIRONMENTAL S TANDARDS HANDBOOK Scott S. Olson CRC Press Boca Raton New York London Toky o fromtmatter.fm Page 1 Sunday, August 19, 2001 1:29 PM Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Olson, Scott S. International environmental standards handbook / Scott S. Olson. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-56670-270-4 (alk. paper) 1. Environmental management. 1. Title. GE300.038 1999 363.7'05-dc2l 99-13383 CIP This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references am listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use, Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording. or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale. Specific permission must be obtained in writing from CRC Press LLC for such copying. Direct all inquiries to CRC Press LLC, 2000 N.W. Corporate Blvd., Boca Raton. Florida 33431. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation, without intent to infringe. © 1999 by CRC Press LLC Lewis Publishers is an imprint of CRC Press LLC No claim to original U.S. Government works International Standard Book Number 1-56670-270-4 Library of Congress Card Number 99-13383 Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Printed on acid-free paper © 1999 by CRC Press LLC 1999 CRC Press LLC “If Delicate Arch has any significance it lies, I will venture, in the power of the odd and unexpected to startle the senses and surprise the mind out of their ruts of habit, to compel us into a reawakened awareness of the wonderful—that which is full of wonder.” Edward Abbey fromtmatter.fm Page 3 Sunday, August 19, 2001 1:29 PM 1999 CRC Press LLC Author Scott Olson is Director of the Colorado Environmental Training Center and former Chair of the Environmental, Health and Safety Department at Red Rocks Community College in Lakewood, Colorado. He is a faculty instructor and coordinator of the Water Quality Management and Envi- ronmental and Safety Technology Degree programs. Mr. Olson is also a program chair and instructor for the Rocky Mountain Education Center, OSHA Training Institute at Red Rocks Community College. He is a member of the Board of Directors for the Rocky Mountain Hazardous Materials Association representing training and education. His company, Altitude Training Associates, pro- vides environmental, health and safety training to a variety of organizations. fromtmatter.fm Page 4 Sunday, August 19, 2001 1:29 PM 1999 CRC Press LLC Contents Part I–Introduction to International Environmental Standards Chapter 1 Introduction Part II–International Conventions, Treaties, and Agreements Chapter 2 An Introduction to International Environmental Controls An Overview of International Conventions and Agreements The Relationship Between International Trade and Environmental Controls NEPA Influence on International Environmental Controls New Tools for Providing Proactive Environmental Control Conclusion References Chapter 3 The Influence of Command and Control Regulations Introduction References Chapter 4 Key International Agreements General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Objectives of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Summary of the Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (As Agreed Upon by the Three Parties) Treaty of Rome, 1952, Single European Act, 1987, and the Maastricht Treaty, 1992 Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (1972) Text of the Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (1972) The Rio Declaration On Environment And Development (1992) Text of the Rio Declaration World Charter for Nature (1982) Text of the World Charter for Nature References Chapter 5 Media-Specific Conventions, Agreements and Standards Introduction Media-Specific Regulations for Selected Countries Australia Austria Belarus Bermuda Canada (Federal) fromtmatter.fm Page 5 Sunday, August 19, 2001 1:29 PM 1999 CRC Press LLC China Czech Republic France Germany India Italy Jamaica Japan Mexico The Netherlands Poland Russian Federation Singapore South Korea Ukraine United Kingdom Air Pollution U.S Canada Bilateral Air Quality Agreement, 1991 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, 1979 Other Agreements (actions by the UNEP and EU) British Standards Institute (BSI) American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Water Resources Protection of Freshwater Resources Protection of the Oceans and the Marine Environment The European Union European Union Directives American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) Specific ASTM Water Standards (partial list) Waste The Basel Convention (UNEP) on the Control of Transboundary, 1989 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) U.S. Bilateral Agreements EU Directives ASTM Standards Additional Standards International Treaties Relating to the Environment Air Pollution and the Ozone Layer Oceans and the Marine Environment Listing of International Treaties Relating to the Environment International Treaties Relating to the Environment (alphabetical) International Treaties Relating to the Environment (North America) Part III–Environmental Standards Chapter 6 An Introduction to International Standards Organizations and the Development Process Standards Organizations in the United States International Standardization Activities of ASTM International Standardization Activities of ISO fromtmatter.fm Page 6 Sunday, August 19, 2001 1:29 PM 1999 CRC Press LLC Responsibilities for the Technical Work of ISO Current International Standardization Activities of ANSI Development of International Environmental Laws Development of European Union Directives Development of National Law Chapter 7 Guiding Principles and Practices for Business Introduction Bellagio Principles CERES Principles Protection of the Biosphere Sustainable Use of Natural Resources Reduction and Disposal of Wastes Energy Conservation Risk Reduction Safe Products and Services Environmental Restoration Informing the Public Management Commitment Audits and Reports Responsible Care International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), World Business Organization The Business Charter for Sustainable Development The PERI Guidelines Professional Codes World Federation of Engineering Organizations, Code of Ethics References Chapter 8 Programs of the United Nations Introduction United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) Introduction UNCED Collection Agenda 21 United Nations Environment Program Programs of the United Nations UNEP Environmental Guidelines The World Health Organization (WHO) Regional and Other Offices International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Conventions for which UNEP Provides Secretariat Sources of Additional Information References Chapter 9 Environmental Management Systems Introduction to Environmental Management Systems (EMS) ISO 14001 Environmental Management Systems Technical Committee 207 (TC 207) Environmental Management Introduction to ISO 14001 ISO 14001: A Recommended Approach fromtmatter.fm Page 7 Sunday, August 19, 2001 1:29 PM 1999 CRC Press LLC Other ISO Standards Eco-Management and Audit Scheme, EU Directive British National Standard, BS 7750, British Standards Institution (BSI) Environmental Auditing U.S. Regulatory Policy Toward EMSs and ISO 14001 U.S. Regulatory Setting, Background, and History The Impact of USEPA’s Regulatory Reinvention Efforts The USEPA/NEIC Compliance Focused EMS Major Federal Agency EMS/ISO Initiatives The Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Defense (DOD) Industry Response to ISO 14000 in the United States Emerging Trends in Strategic Environmental Management EPA Position Statement on Environmental Management Systems and ISO14001 and a Request for Comments on the Nature of the Data to be Collected from Environmental Management System ISO14001 Pilots Environmental Protection Agency Important Organizations and Terms for Environmental Management Systems (terms from ISO 14001) Agencies and Organizations Conducting EMS Activities Environmental Management Secretariat for Latin America and the Caribbean Federal Agencies of the United States, Initiatives for Environmental Management U.S. States (Includes Pollution Prevention Programs) Sources of Additional Information Documents and Publications Internet sites for European Union Institutions References Chapter 10 The European Union EU Directives and Environmental Programs Examples of EU Directives EU Environmental Programs Europe and Sustainable Development European Consultive Forum on the Environment and Sustainable Development IMPEL Network of Authorities in the Member States Environmental Policy Review Group EU Standards for the Safety of Machinery European Community Legislation on Machinery Summary of the Essential Health and Safety Requirements Relating to the Design and Construction of Machinery Directory of Community Legislation in Force Relating to the Environment References Part IV–Environmental Protection in the United States Chapter 11 U.S. Laws and Regulations National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 Historic, Scientific, and Cultural Resources Historic Sites Act (1935), 16 USC National Historic Preservation Act (1966), 16 USC fromtmatter.fm Page 8 Sunday, August 19, 2001 1:29 PM 1999 CRC Press LLC Preservation of Historical and Archeological Data (1960), 16 USC Protection and Enhancement of the Cultural Environment (1971) Advisory Council on Historic Preservation Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA) Basic Goals of TSCA How EPA Can Regulate Chemical Substances Under TSCA Items Not Covered By TSCA Basic Requirements Polychlorinated Biphenyls Clean Air Act History Provisions of the Law Hazardous Air Pollutants New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) Other Provisions Summary of the 1990 CAA Amendments Example of State Air Regulation: Colorado, U.S. Air Quality Control Commission (AQCC) Air Pollution Control Division (APCD) State Implementation Plan Local Planning Commission (LPC) Colorado Programs Clean Air Act of 1990 Reporting HAPs on Air Pollution Emission Notices in the State of Colorado State Implementation Plans Permits (Title V) Acid Deposition Control (Title IV) Stratospheric Ozone Protection Water Resources Federal Water Pollution Control Act (Clean Water Act) Wetlands Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), Public Law 93-523 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Goals of RCRA Four Main Programs Under RCRA Definition of Solid and Hazardous Wastes (40 CFR 261) Regulations Applicable to Generators of Hazardous Waste Transportation Emergencies Involving Hazardous Waste Land Disposal Restrictions Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities (Subtitle C Parts 264 and 265) Underground Storage Tanks (USTs) Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) and Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act TITLE III General Provisions Emergency Planning Emergency Release Notification (Section 304, 40 CFR Part 355) Community Right-to-Know Reporting Requirements (Sections 311, 312, 40 CFR Part 370) Toxic Chemical Release Reporting (Section 313, 40 CFR Part 372) Making Sense of SARA Title III Regulatory Citations Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) fromtmatter.fm Page 9 Sunday, August 19, 2001 1:29 PM 1999 CRC Press LLC Summary of the Regulation Additional Information References Part V–Sources of Additional Information Chapter 12 Directory of Organizations and Agencies Environmental Agencies of the World Albania Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Caribbean Centre for Development Administration (CARICAD) Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Costa Rica Cote D’Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo fromtmatter.fm Page 10 Sunday, August 19, 2001 1:29 PM [...]... of Environmental, Health, and Safety Resource Materials (books, manuals, standards, periodicals, training materials, software, videos) Environment, General 19 99 CRC Press LLC fromtmatter.fm Page 15 Tuesday, August 21, 20 01 12:37 PM Environmental, International Environmental Law/Compliance Environmental Management Environmental Science/Engineering/Conservation Hazardous Materials International (Environmental. .. States Environmental Protection Agency Underground Storage Tank Ultraviolet (radiation) Volatile Organic Compound 19 99 CRC Press LLC fromtmatter.fm Page 20 Sunday, August 19 , 20 01 1:29 PM WG WHO WRI WTO Working Group for ISO 14 000 World Health Organization World Resources Institute World Trade Organization 19 99 CRC Press LLC dividers.fm Page 53 Sunday, August 19 , 20 01 1: 41 PM Part I Introduction to International. .. International Environmental Standards 19 99 CRC Press LLC Chap1.fm Page 1 Sunday, August 19 , 20 01 11: 54 AM 1 Introduction “Man has the fundamental right to freedom, equality and adequate conditions of life, in an environment of a quality that permits a life of dignity and well-being, and he bears a solemn responsibility to protect and improve the environment for present and future generations.” Principle 1, The... Association Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species Chemical Manufacturers Association RCRA Corrective Action Records Combined Sewer Overflows Clean Water Act Coastal Zone Management Deutches Institut for Normung e.V Draft International Standards Department of Transportation Disaster Recovery Team 19 99 CRC Press LLC fromtmatter.fm Page 17 Sunday, August 19 , 20 01 1:29 PM EA EC EEA EEZ EHS... of Environmental Resources Engineering, has provided guidance to the approach of U.S federal agency actions regarding the EMS and regulatory programs Nancy Montgomery of Environmental Outsource effectively introduces the subject in Chapter 2 I wish to thank all the contributing authors for providing their valuable expertise 19 99 CRC Press LLC Chap1.fm Page 2 Sunday, August 19 , 20 01 11: 54 AM Figure 1. .. IRPTC ISO ITFM JTPC LCA LD50 Environmental Assessment European Community European Environment Agency Exclusive Economic Zone Environmental Health and Safety Environmental Impact Assessment European Register of Chemical Substances Environmental Impact Statement Eco-Management and Audit Scheme Environmentally Sound Management of Inland Water Environmental Management Systems Environmental Protection Agency... Network Coordination of ISO 14 0 01 Activities USEPA Chapter 13 List of Relevant Documents and Publications Publications for U.S Environmental Regulations Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Underground Storage Tanks Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) Wetlands Environmental Auditing Free Publications Available from the EU Selected Titles in International Environmental Law and Management... Pollution Prevention and Control (EC) International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals International Organization for Standardization Intergovernmental Task Force on Monitoring (Water Quality) Joint Technical Programming Committee Life Cycle Assessment Lethal Dose 50% (median lethal dose) 19 99 CRC Press LLC fromtmatter.fm Page 18 Sunday, August 19 , 20 01 1:29 PM LDR LEPC LSA LUST MAC MARPOL MCL... Technique Personal Protective Equipment Parts Per Million Potentially Responsible Party Process Safety Management Quality Control Registration Accreditation Board Reasonably Achievable Control Technology Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Resource Conservation and Recovery Information System 19 99 CRC Press LLC fromtmatter.fm Page 19 Sunday, August 19 , 20 01 1:29 PM REA RIFS RMHMA RMPP ROD RODS RRT... Grenadines Sudan 19 99 CRC Press LLC fromtmatter.fm Page 13 Sunday, August 19 , 20 01 1:29 PM Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Turkey Turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S EPA) Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela Vietnam Zambia Zimbabwe Institutions of the EU U.S State Environmental . Cataloging-in-Publication Data Olson, Scott S. International environmental standards handbook / Scott S. Olson. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1- 5 667 0-2 7 0-4 . works International Standard Book Number 1- 5 667 0-2 7 0-4 Library of Congress Card Number 9 9 -1 3383 Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Printed on acid-free paper © 19 99. Management Introduction to ISO 14 0 01 ISO 14 0 01: A Recommended Approach fromtmatter.fm Page 7 Sunday, August 19 , 20 01 1:29 PM 19 99 CRC Press LLC Other ISO Standards Eco-Management and Audit Scheme,