[...]... ICD -1 0 (F40) and DSM-IV-TR (300.2) Thereafter it notes more briefly other syndromes of anxious avoidance Almost all the syndromes are detailed in Marks [19 , 41] They are described in the order in which they appear in the left-hand column of Table 1. 1 DIAGNOSIS AND CLASSIFICATION OF PHOBIAS: A REVIEW 15 T ABLE 1. 1 Phobias coded under anxiety disorders in ICD -1 0 [11 ] and DSM-IV-TR [8] ICD -1 0 ... state NOS T ABLE 1. 2 Phobia-like syndromes not called phobias in ICD -1 0 [11 ] or DSM-IV-TR [8] ICD -1 0 DSM-IV-TR F42 Obsessive–compulsive disorder F43 Reaction to severe stress, and adjustment disorders F43 .1 Post-traumatic stress disorder F45 Somatoform disorders F45.2 Dysmorphophobia (nondelusional) F45.2 Hypochondriacal disorder ?nosophobia 300.3 Obsessive–compulsive disorder 309. 81 Post-traumatic stress... T ABLE 1. 3 PHOBIAS Non-phobia-like syndromes often associated with phobias ICD -1 0 DSM-IV-TR F 41 Other anxiety disorders F 41. 0 Panic disorder (episodic paroxysmal anxiety) F 41. 1 Generalized anxiety disorder F 41. 2 Mixed anxiety and depressive disorder F 41. 3 Other mixed anxiety disorders F48 Other neurotic disorders F48.0 Neurasthenia F48 .1 Depersonalization–derealization syndrome... classifying phobias by treatment response lies in the future CURRENT CLASSIFICATIONS OF PHOBIC DISORDERS AND THEIR SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES The two most widely used classifications today are ICD -1 0 and DSM-IV-TR (Tables 1. 1 1. 4) ICD -1 0 lists, under the heading ‘‘Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders’’, F40 Phobic anxiety disorders, the diagnoses F40.0 Agoraphobia, 40 .1 Social phobias and... Specific (isolated) phobias, which closely resemble those that DSM-IV-TR lists under the heading ‘‘Anxiety disorders’’ (300. 21, 300.22, 300.23 and 300.29) ICD -1 0 and DSM-IV-TR are similar in excluding from their list of phobia diagnoses other syndromes with phobia-like features of anxious avoidance, such as dysmorphophobia (non-delusional) and hypochondriasis, OCD and touch/sound aversions ICD -1 0 lists, under... disorders and F40.9 Phobic anxiety disorder unspecified) that have no counterpart in DSM-IV-TR ICD -1 0 lists a diagnosis F 41. 0 Panic disorder (episodic paroxysmal anxiety) under F 41 Anxiety disorders rather than F40 Phobic anxiety disorders (and excludes from it F40.0 Panic disorder with agoraphobia) DSM-IV-TR lists its counterpart 300. 01 Panic disorder without agoraphobia under ‘‘Anxiety disorders’’ THE MAIN... adopted by the 3rd edition of the DSM [6] and continued until the current DSM-IV [7] and DSM-IV-TR [8] Anxiety and related disorders appeared in the ICD for the first time in its 7th revision [9] and came under 18 rubrics in its 9th revision [10 ] This constituted the basis of the current classification of phobias in the ICD -1 0 [11 ] PURPOSES OF DIAGNOSTIC AND OTHER CLASSIFICATIONS Classification is the... social phobia and other phobias that are needed to detect their differential long-term associations with non-phobic anxiety, depression and other variables [4,5 ,18 ,19 ] Working out what may be ‘‘core’’ to phobias requires more detailed ongoing surveys of large cohorts over many years and careful testing of rival putative mechanisms to test how well particular first-, second- or third-order factors predict... become a hoarder The coherence of particular patterns over the years (tendency for the phobias to remain specific or to remain multiple, and for the particular specific phobia or particular cluster of phobias to remain similar), helps the delineation of a meaningful rather than an arbitrary classification of phobias 10 PHOBIAS Whether the Cues are External... Darlinghurst, NSW 2 010 , Australia David H Barlow Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders at Boston University, 648 Beacon Street, Boston, MA 02 21 5-2 002, USA Ronny Bruffaerts Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium Koen Demyttenaere Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium Andy De Witte Department . Wiley & Sons Inc., 11 1 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA Jossey-Bass, 989 Market Street, San Francisco, CA 9 410 3 -1 7 41, USA Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Boschstr. 12 , D-69469 Weinheim, Germany John. references and index. ISBN 0-4 7 0-8 583 3-8 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Phobias. 2. Phobias - - Treatment. [DNLM: 1. Phobic Disorders. WM 17 8 P5743 2004] I. Maj, Mario, 19 5 3- II. Series. RC535 .P466 2004 British. xiii CHAPTER 1 DIAGNOSIS AND CLASSIFICATION OF PHOBIAS 1 Diagnosis and Classification of Phobias: A Review 1 Isaac Marks and David Mataix-Cols C OMMENTARIES 1. 1 Two Procrustean or One King-Size Bed