Neuroimmunology in Clinical Practice - part 1 ppt

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Neuroimmunology in Clinical Practice - part 1 ppt

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[...]... chromosome 17 in humans (17 q 21) and on chromosome 11 in mice (11 D), the Caspr gene yields a single transcript that is abundantly expressed in neurons (Einheber et al., 19 97; Peles et al., 19 97) Caspr is a type I glycoprotein with a single transmembrane domain and is targeted to axons underlying paranodal regions of myelin sheaths in the CNS and PNS (Einheber et al., 19 97) This protein participates in axoglial... secreted into the CNS and blocks Nogo-66 binding to the endogenous receptor on neurons Oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein, OMG Located on the long arm of chromosome 17 in humans (17 q 11. 2) and on chromosome 16 in mice (16 B1), the OMG gene gives rise to a single mRNA in humans and mouse (Mikol et al., 19 93) OMG is a type I membrane glycoprotein attached to the membrane surface via a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol... total myelin protein by weight (Braun, 19 84) NICP_C02 04/05/2007 12 :27PM Page 17 Major components of myelin in the mammalian CNS and PNS 17 with PLP1 dominant over DM-20 by 6 :1 in adult myelin Both are intrinsic membrane proteins with identical topologies (Gow et al., 19 97) They have four transmembrane domains and their amino and carboxyl termini are exposed to the cytoplasm A major function of PLP1 is... its absence using another protein(s) T-lymphocyte maturation-associated protein/myelin and T-lymphocyte protein, MAL Claudin 11 (OSP) Located on the long arm of chromosome 2 in humans (2q 11. 1) and on chromosome 2 in mice (12 7 .14 7– 12 7 .17 1 Mb), the MAL gene is alternatively spliced at either or both exons 2 and 3 to yield four isoforms (Rancano et al., 19 94) Thus, isoform a includes exons 2 and 3; isoform... chromosome 2 in humans (2p16. 3 -1 6 .1) and on chromosome 11 in mice (11 A3.3), the Nogo gene gives rise to at least 12 mRNAs in humans by alternative splicing of exons 1 5 and alternative use of up to six tissue-specific promoters (Hunt, Coffin, and Anderson, 2002) These mRNAs encode seven distinct proteins, although there are only three major isoforms (Nogo-A, -B, and -C) Nogo appears to be an intrinsic membrane... sterility Claudin 19 Located on the short arm of chromosome 1 in humans (1p34.2) and on chromosome 4 in mice (4 D2 .1) , the claudin 19 gene yields a single transcript that is highly expressed in the PNS as well as in the distal collecting ducts of the kidney Claudin 19 is believed to exhibit the same topology as claudin 11 , although the most closely related family members are claudins 1 and 7 In an analogous... the hypervariable or complementary-determining regions (CDR), Light chain Heavy chain Antigenbinding site VH Complementarydetermining regions (CDR) VL CH1 CL CH2 FC region Fc receptor complement binding site CH3 Fig 1. 1 Antibodies are composed of two heavy and two light chains that form an antigen-specific binding site NICP_C 01 04/05/2007 12 :27PM Page 4 4 AMY E LOVETT-RACKE, ANNE R GOCKE, AND PETRA D... detergent-insoluble membrane (lipid raft) microdomains (Perez et al., Paranodal and juxtaparanodal proteins Located on the long arm of chromosome 3 in humans (3q26.2-q26.3) and on chromosome 3 in mice (3 12 .6 cM), the claudin 11 gene yields a single transcript that is widely expressed inside and outside of the CNS during development and in adult animals (Gow et al., 19 99; Morita et al., 19 99) Claudin 11 is... proinflammatory cytokines, which are often associated with immune-mediated tissue damage In contrast, IL-4 directs the differentiation of Th2 cells which express IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL -1 0 , and IL -1 3 (Swain et al., 19 90) These anti -in ammatory cytokines expressed by Th2 cells can downregulate the effects of Th1 cells More recently, a small, yet distinct population of CD4+ T cells that express IL -1 7 has been described... G 19 92 Expression of cytokines by recombinant vaccinia viruses: A model for studying cytokines in viral infections in vivo Immunol Rev, 12 7, 15 7–82 Reynolds, D.S., Boom, W.H and Abbas, A.K 19 87 Inhibition of B lymphocyte activation by interferongamma J Immunol, 13 9, 767–73 Schleimer, R.P., MacGlashan, D.W., Petters, S.P., Pinchard, R.N., Adkinson, N.F and Lichtenstein, L.M 19 86 Characterization of in ammatory . cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN -1 3 : 97 8 -1 -4 05 1- 5 84 0-4 (hardback : alk. paper) ISBN -1 0 : 1- 4 05 1- 5 84 0-9 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Neuroimmunology. 2. Nervous system—Diseases—Immunological. Neuroimmunology in Clinical Practice NICP_A 01 03/05/2007 10 : 31 AM Page i Neuroimmunology in Clinical Practice Edited by Bernadette Kalman and Thomas H. Brannagan III NICP_A 01 03/05/2007 10 : 31. IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL -1 0 , and IL -1 3 (Swain et al., 19 90). These anti -in ammatory cytokines expressed by Th2 cells can downregulate the effects of Th1 cells. More recently, a small, yet distinct

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