[...]... Address Range 19 2 .16 8 .10 .0/26 19 2 .16 8 .10 .0 19 2 .16 8 .10 .63 19 2 .16 8 .10 .64/26 19 2 .16 8 .10 .64 19 2 .16 8 .10 .12 7 19 2 .16 8 .10 .12 8/26 19 2 .16 8 .10 .12 8 19 2 .16 8 .10 .19 1 19 2 .16 8 .10 .19 2/26 19 2 .16 8 .10 .19 2 19 2 .16 8 .1. 255 C 016 242 21. fm Page 6 Wednesday, December 5, 2007 4:54 PM 6 Windows Server 2008 Networking and Network Access Protection (NAP) How It Works: Binary Math Although IP addresses are expressed in decimal octets,... 19 2 .16 8 .10 0.5 19 2 .16 8 .1. x 19 2 .16 8 .1. 120 19 2 .16 8.24.x 19 2 .16 8 .1. 230 Figure 1- 1 IPv4 routing In Figure 1- 1, the first three octets of the IP address are the network address (such as 19 2 .16 8 .1 or 19 2 .16 8 .10 ), and the last octet is the host address (such as 5 or 10 ) Although this is the most common way to divide an IP address between the host and network, you can: ■ Use a shorter network address (such as 19 2 .16 8)... a network to the destination computer Forwards packet toward 19 2 .16 8 .1. 0/24 through a neighboring router Transmits packet to the destination host, which is on a local network Processes the packet because the destination IP address matches a local IP address Forwards packet to 19 2 .16 8 .1. 10 through the default gateway Packet 19 2 .16 8.85.x Packet 19 2 .16 8 .10 0.x 19 2 .16 8 .1. 10 Packet 19 2 .16 8 .12 0.x 19 2 .16 8 .10 0.5... other than an 8-bit, 16 -bit, or 24-bit subnet mask For example, consider the IP address 19 2 .16 8 .14 .222 with a 24-bit subnet mask, as shown in Figure 1- 2 In this example, the network ID and host ID are divided along 8-bit boundaries, making it simple to separate the two in decimal numbering 19 2 16 8 14 222 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 Network ID Figure 1- 2 Host ID 24-bit... 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 Network ID Figure 1- 3 Host ID 26-bit subnet mask In Figure 1- 3, the network ID would be written as 19 2 .16 8 .14 .12 8/26, and host IP addresses would be in the range 19 2 .16 8 .14 .12 9 to 19 2 .16 8 .14 .19 0 Assigning a host IP address below 12 8 or above 19 2 would require changing one of the two highest two bits in the last octet, which would also change the network ID If you find... chapter Table 1- 4 Private IPv4 Address Ranges Network Available 24-bit Networks Available IP Addresses 19 2 .16 8.0.0 19 2 .16 8.255.255 256 65,536 17 2 .16 .0.0 17 3 .1. 255.255 4,096 1, 048,576 10 .0.0.0 10 .255.255.255 65,536 16 ,777, 216 Private IP addresses are defined in RFC 19 18, available at http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1 918 Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) If a computer running Microsoft Windows 98 or... book and the contents of the companion CD-ROM Microsoft Press provides corrections for books in the Microsoft Knowledge Base If you have comments, questions, or ideas regarding this book or the companion CD, please send them to Microsoft Press by using either of the following methods: E-mail: mspinput @microsoft. com Postal Mail: Microsoft Press Attn: Windows Server 2008 Networking and Network Access Protection. .. network address after the IP address For example, a 24-bit subnet mask could be written as 19 2 .16 8 .10 .0/24 If you wanted to subdivide that network into four smaller networks, you could use a 26-bit network address (leaving only 6 bits for the host address) The four networks would be written as shown in Table 1- 2 Table 1- 2 Subdividing the 19 2 .16 8 .10 .0/24 Network Network ID IP Address Range 19 2 .16 8 .10 .0/26... the Windows Core Networking Group ■ Sean Siler, an IPv6 program manager in the Windows Core Networking Group ■ Santosh Chandwani, the lead program manager in the Enterprise Networking Group ■ Ian Hameroff, the senior product manager in Security and Access Product Marketing ■ Gabe Frost, the product manager of Windows Core Networking ■ Rade Trimceski, the program manager of the Windows Networking and. .. IP addresses: ■ 19 2 .16 8 .1. 32 ■ 10 .1. 1 .1 ■ 12 7.0.0 .1 The beginning portion of an IP address is the network address, and the remainder is the host address, which identifies an individual computer on the subnet Routers use the network address to forward packets to the correct destination network, and computers use the host address to determine which packets are destined for them Figure 1- 1 illustrates how . 499 Part IV Network Access Protection Infrastructure 14 Network Access Protection Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565 15 Preparing for Network Access Protection . . . 5 61 Part IV Network Access Protection Infrastructure 14 Network Access Protection Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565 The Need for Network Access Protection. . Server, Visual Basic, Visual Studio, Windows, Windows Media, Windows Server, and Windows Vista are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/ or