[...]... in Mobile and Virtual Work 2 31 Peter Richter, Jelka Meyer and Fanny Sommer 2 31 10 .1 Challenge of well-being in mobile virtual work 2 31 10.2 A framework to mental workload and mental strain 232 10 .2 .1 Summary 236 10 .3 Task-related and organisational factors of mental workload 237 10 .3 .1 Individual work in virtual settings 237 10 .3.2 Aspects of collaboration in mobile virtual. .. Introducing mobile collaborative work 357 15 .6 Towards a roadmap and innovation agenda 3 61 15.6 .1 Future scenarios 3 61 15.6.2 An initial roadmap for mobile collaborative workplaces 362 15 .7 Final remarks 366 References 367 XIV Contents 16 Mobile Virtual Work: What Have We Learned? 369 Matti Vartiainen and Erik Andriessen 369 16 .1 Introduction 369 16 .2... several large scale surveys in Europe The findings also show the reality of mobile eWork in Europe today Minna Helle’s New forms of work in labour law’ evaluates mobile and virtual work as new forms of work organisations from the perspective of (European) labour law The article discusses the legal implications and status of mobile and virtual workers under the legal framework 10 Erik Andriessen and Matti... devices (e.g laptop, mobile devices) and applications and services (e.g e-mail, calenders, access to databases) enabling communication and collaboration MENTAL AND SOCIAL SPACES which are shared common experiences, ideas and ideals based on human interaction and collaboration Fig 2.2 Work activities are carried out in physical, virtual, and mental/social spaces Mental/social place refers to cognitive... of mobile and virtual work and how they are related to each other Additionally, the definitions are operationalised in order to analyse and describe mobile and virtual work systems Some challenges and impacts of mobile virtual work are also presented 2.2 What is mobile? The concepts of mobile and mobile work are ambiguous from the perspectives of working life, organisations, and employees Mobile ... collaborating via information and communication technologies (ICT) In a fully virtual organisation, all the communication and collaboration takes place through ICT in the mental and virtual workspaces Virtual teams are groups of people who work interdependently but with a shared purpose across space and time, using technology to communicate and collaborate (Lipnack and Stamps 2000) As companies expand... transformed in electronic (immaterial, digitalised, virtual) form A traditional material object of work is some raw material, a commodity, or a product that is transported for reworking or consumption in another place Reworking usually takes place in a consecutive manner An immaterial, virtual object of work is, for instance, a drawing or a document that is transferred digitally in a net from one virtual. .. ideas, and mental states that employees share Creating and forming joint mental spaces requires communication and collaboration, for example, exchanging ideas in face-to-face or virtual dialogues 2 Mobile Virtual Work – Concepts, Outcomes and Challenges 17 2.2.2 Mobile subject The mobility of a subject takes place in two formats, physical motion and virtual movement from place to place in a net, and... emotionally, (s)he moves from place to place For example, workers in call centres and collaborative 3D design are virtually mobile A subject itself may be physically stationary and may work on the object of work in a working space A paradox is that the development of mobile and wireless technologies simultaneously makes stationary, fixed-place working requiring no physical mobility easier and easier A subject’s... however, also literature that considers a virtual organisation as a network of legally independent companies that acts as one organisation vis a vis a client Thus, virtual organisations can be classified into levels of networks, companies, projects, teams and dyads Apart from space, time and ICT use, other dimensions are sometimes also parts of an author’s concept of virtuality, such as the diversity . in mobile virtual work 2 31 10.2 A framework to mental workload and mental strain 232 10 .2 .1 Summary 236 10 .3 Task-related and organisational factors of mental workload 237 10 .3 .1 Individual work. roadmap and innovation agenda 3 61 15.6 .1 Future scenarios 3 61 15.6.2 An initial roadmap for mobile collaborative workplaces 362 15 .7 Final remarks 366 References 367 XIV Contents 16 Mobile Virtual Work: . Professional Associations (SACO). The aim of SALTSA is to generate applicable research results of high academic standard and practical relevance. Research is carried out in areas like labour market and