Chapter 10 Figure 10-6 Select the merge module you want to add, and click Open to add the module to the list If you would like to see what files are included with a module, view the Properties and check out the Files property, as shown in Figure 10-7 Figure 10-7 You can also see any dependencies that a module has by viewing the ModuleDependencies property, which will give the dialog shown in Figure 10-8 320 Distributing Your Application Figure 10-8 Working with Licensing One of the requirements for using Crystal Reports NET and distributing the free run time and reports with your application is that you register the software and your personal details with Crystal Decisions What better way to enforce registration than with a nag screen that appears whenever you open the report designer? (Charming, I know!) In order to successfully distribute your application and get rid of the nag screen, you are going to need to register with Crystal Decisions and obtain a registration number When you first started the Crystal Reports designer, chances are you were prompted to register at that point If you just clicked Cancel (like most people), you can still register by opening the Report Designer and selecting Register from the right-click menu If you have registered, we need to take the registration number you were given and enter it into the Regwiz.msn merge module To copy your registration number (or to find out if you are registered), select Help → About Microsoft Development Environment to display a list of all of the Visual Studio NET products you have installed Note the registration number (or to it the easy way, highlight Crystal Reports NET and click the Copy Info button) From that point, click OK to return to your project, and locate the License Key prop­ erty under Regwiz.msm merge module You will need to enter or paste this license key before you build your setup project This is one of the most common errors when deploying applications that use Crystal Reports so don’t forget to it every time you create a setup project 321 Chapter 10 Building Your Setup Project The last step of creating our setup project is to actually build the setup project To build your setup, select Build → Build ch10_Setup and keep an eye on the Output window The default Project Configuration is Debug, and Projectname is the name of the deployment project In our instance, if you had unzipped the sample files for this chapter into a CrystalReports directory on your machine, the setup directory would be found at C:\Crystal.NET2003\Chapter10\code\setup_wizard\Debug Along with the MSI file that has been generated, there are also some additional files that should be in the same directory: ❑ setup.exe — a wrapper for the MSI file that has been created and a utility that verifies the correct Windows Installer version and installs the correct version ❑ setup.ini — an ini file containing the location of the Windows Installer files ❑ Instmsia.exe — the Windows Installer files for Windows 95, 98, and ME ❑ Instmsiw.exe — the Windows Installer files for Windows NT If the setup finds that Windows Installer is not present or the correct version, it will launch the correct executable (instmsia.exe or instmsiw.exe) to install or update the Windows Installer service before installing your own application Testing and Deploying Your Setup Project To test your generated deployment package, copy the entire directory to another computer or CD, and run the setup.exe file To test your application setup, you should be able to see where your files were installed and verify that they are present Also, the application should appear under the Add/Remove Programs option in the Windows Control Panel In addition, if you have added a shortcut to your application, you should be able to select the shortcut you have created, and it should launch the application Make sure that you test the reports themselves View a number of different reports and try out the features such as drill-down and exporting Once you are satisfied the application is installed and that it and the reports run correctly, you can distribute the setup files within the subdirectory to users as required Deploying Web Applications This section details how to create an installer to distribute a simple reporting application We won’t cover the steps in much detail here because most of the information is the same as for Windows applica­ tions; so if you have jumped straight to this part of the chapter, then please refer to Deploying Windows Applications to fill in the details 322 Distributing Your Application Preparing Your Web Server Before you can install a new Web application, the Web server you are installing needs to have the NET Framework installed first Just as with Windows applications, there is no automated way to install this from your setup project so you will probably have to create a batch file or install it manually In addition to the NET 1.1 Framework, if your Web application accesses data from a database or other data source, you will need to install MDAC 2.6 or greater in order for your application to work You can download the latest MDAC components from the Microsoft Web site at www.microsoft.com/data/ Finally, when exporting directly from Crystal Reports and the Web Forms Viewer, you may need to con­ figure some additional MIME types on your Web server to associate a file extension (such as a PDF file) with its helper application (in this case, Acrobat32.exe) For more information on configuring MIME types for your version of IIS, visit the MSDN library at http://msdn.microsoft.com, and search for “MIME.” Creating the Setup Project Firstly, just as in the section on Windows deployment, we need a simple Web reporting application to deploy, and one has been included for you in the downloadable files for this chapter in a project named ch10_web_app This application consists of a single Web Form that has the Web version of the Crystal Report Viewer embedded and allows you to preview the same Employee Listing report that we looked at when working with the sample Windows application earlier To see this application working, you will need to create the virtual directory and place the files in this directory Again, we need a Setup Project for this Web application As before, we have already added this to our sample project called ch10_web_setup, as shown in Figure 10-9 Figure 10-9 323 Chapter 10 If you need to set some basic properties for your setup project; click the name of your setup project, and select View → Properties Window, which will open the property pages There are a number of properties available The most commonly used ones are the same as for Windows applications, except for Restart WWW Service that controls whether or not the WWW Service for IIS will be restarted when you install your Web application Whether this option is required or not is up to you and the requirements of the components you are installing on the Web server itself After this, you will need to consider selecting the Project Outputs, determining Run-time File Requirements, and adding Merge Modules by following the instructions in the Deploying Windows Applications section Although these have already been done for this example, you should know about them for your future projects Next, we will consider licensing In order to successfully distribute your applications, you are going to need to first register with Crystal Decisions and obtain a registration number, as we covered in the section on Windows Applications Again, just like when deploying Windows Applications, this is one of the most common errors when deploying applications that use Crystal Reports so don’t forget to it every time! Building Your Setup Project To build your setup, select Build → Build ch10_web_setup The default Project Configuration is Debug and Projectname is the name of the deployment project In our instance, the directory would be ch10_web_setup\Debug\ch10_web_setup.msi As we saw when we built our Windows application setup, there are also some additional files that have been generated along with the msi file, which will be in the same directory For more details about these files, see Deploying Windows Applications Testing and Deploying Your Setup To test your generated deployment package, copy the entire directory to another computer or CD, and run the Setup.Exe file You must have install permissions on the Web server you are using in order to run the installer, and, in addition, you must also have the correct IIS permissions to create a virtual directory and install this application To test your Web application setup, you should be able to see where your files were installed on the Web server and verify that they are present Also, the application should appear under the Add/Remove Programs option in the Windows Control Panel, as shown in Figure 10-10 To test the application itself, open Internet Explorer and type the URL http://ComputerName/ ch10_web_app Make sure that you test the reports themselves View a number of different reports, and try out the features like drill-down, exporting, and so on 324 Distributing Your Application Figure 10-10 Once you are satisfied the application is installed and that it and the reports run correctly, you can distribute the setup files within the subdirectory to users as required Summar y In this chapter, we had a look at deploying both Windows and Web applications using the tools available within Visual Studio NET (and with a little help from Crystal Reports) Throughout the chapter, we looked at some of the tools that are available to make creating setup programs easier and walked through examples of creating setups for both Windows and Web-based applications, including how to build, test, and deploy these setup files With the skills gained from this chapter, you should be able to successfully deploy and configure reporting applications for one user or for one hundred 325 Troubleshooting When working with any development environment or tool, you are going to spend a fair amount of time troubleshooting to diagnose problems, resolve conflicts, and so on Crystal Reports NET is no different This appendix lists some of the resources available to help you troubleshoot your reporting application as well as some common problems you may experience Troubleshooting Resources There are a number of resources available to help you work out any issues or problems you may encounter, and a good place to start is with the resources provided by Crystal Decisions Crystal Decisions Knowledge Base http://support.crystaldecisions.com/search/ Crystal Decisions has recently revamped its support Web site with a new comprehensive search engine that allows you to seach multiple categories of documents, including the Knowledge Base The Crystal Decisions Knowledge Base provides a comprehensive selection of articles across the range of Crystal Decisions products and is updated twice a week with over 100 documents relat­ ing to Crystal Reports NET To search for articles related to Crystal Reports NET, search on the following keywords: dotnet, NET, VB NET, or CSHARP Crystal Decisions Technical Papers For the Crystal product range, this provides a library of technical briefs, release notes, FAQs, how­ tos, and so on To search for technical papers or articles on Crystal Reports NET, use the checkbox provided on the search page to narrow your results or search for a document name like CRNET* Appendix A This will provide a list of available documents, most of which are in Adobe Acrobat (.pdf) format It is here you will also find summary lists of items such as articles or sample applications that relate to Crystal Reports NET Crystal Decisions Downloads Also available from the new search facility, the download site includes a number of downloads of drivers, utilities, and sample applications available for use with Crystal Reports NET Sample applica­ tions are available that use both Visual Basic NET and C# code, as well as any software updates and hot fixes that are available Crystal Decisions Technical Support http://community.crystaldecisions.com/support/answers.asp As a registered user of Crystal Reports NET, you are entitled to use Answers By Email, Crystal Decisions’ interactive online support service Crystal Developers Journal www.crystaldevelopersjournal.com Crystal Developers Journal (CDJ) is an independent publication written to help end users and develop­ ers learn advanced techniques for making the most of the tools available from Crystal Decisions, includ­ ing Crystal Reports, Crystal Analysis, and Crystal Enterprise The Web site includes original articles and relevant articles from other Web sites, and you can learn advanced techniques for designing reports and integrating reporting capabilities into your own applica­ tions or environment Learn how to integrate reports with Visual Studio, Visual Studio NET, Delphi, Powerbuilder, and Java applications with real-world examples and sample code In addition to frequent updates to the CDJ Web site, they also publish a fortnightly e-mail newsletter full of articles, tips, tricks, and techniques for report design and integration Microsoft Newsgroups Microsoft.public.vb.crystal Microsoft.public.dotnet.general Microsoft provides a public newsgroup for using Crystal Reports with VB You will find a number of postings that relate to older versions of Crystal Reports, but some good information is still contained within the group To connect to these groups, use Outlook Express, and point your News account to news.microsoft.com, where you will find these groups listed MSDN http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/crystlmn/html/crconcrystalreports.asp 328 Troubleshooting MSDN provides a duplication of the documentation found with Crystal Reports NET and is available in the online MSDN library You can also find links on MSDN to other resources, including articles from MSDN magazine, other Web sites, and dotnet resources like www.gotdotnet.com Sources of Errors A number of different areas could cause errors with Crystal Reports NET In the following sections, we will look at some of the most common ones Existing Reports If you have existing Crystal Reports you have created using a previous version of Crystal Reports (8.5 or below), you can use these reports with Crystal Reports NET by importing them into your project or leave them as external and reference them within your application The following shows some of the most common errors that occur with reports and Crystal Reports.NET: Error Interpretation Opening a NET report in a previous version (8.5 or below) causes a fault Once you have saved a report in Crystal Reports NET, the report cannot be opened in previous versions of Crystal Reports You should keep a copy of the report if you wish to open it in a previous version You cannot open Crystal Reports NET reports in Crystal Reports 8.5 or below because the file format for a NET report is different from that for previous versions The Crystal Decisions Knowledge Base recommends two dif­ ferent strategies for using reports you also need to edit outside of Crystal Reports NET: If you add the report as an Existing item and don’t change the report’s structures, you should be able to edit the report with the previous version designer (8.5 or below) as the report file remains in its original report format If you know you need to edit the report outside of Crystal Reports NET, the best method is to leave the report file alone and reference the file at run time Rather than importing or creating a new report, you can load the previous version report file into the application at run time and view the reports If you were to set the report source property with the path and name of the report, the report could then be viewed within your NET application, but it can still be edited exter­ nally with the previous version’s Report Designer Table continued on following page 329 CurrentPageNumber property, NavigateEventArgs class, 141, 189 CurrentSubreportName property, 145 CurrentSubreportPageNumber property, 145 CurrentSubreportPosition property, 145 Custom Data Provider, 213 Custom Navigation sample application, 20 CustomerListing sample report, 26 CustomerOrders sample report, 61 D Data Adapter Configuration Wizard, 236–237, 240 Data Date field, 53 Data tab, Standard Expert, 32–34 Data Time field, 53 data types in Basic Syntax, 259 conversion functions for, 259–260 for parameter fields, 101 Database class, 285 Database Expert window adding datasource to report, 62–67, 217–219 setting database alias, 226–227 database fields, 53 database files as datasource, 33, 63, 212, 213 database server case sensitivity of, 217 using to optimize report performance, 105, 217 DatabaseName property, ConnectionInfo class, 122, 286, 287 databases See datasources DataBind method, Report Viewer, 158, 162, 170 DataDefinition container, 307 Dataset Designer, 234–235 datasets ADO NET datasets creating, 213, 234–236 creating report from, 239–240 modules required for, 15 viewing contents of, 236–239 viewing reports containing, 240–242 pushing data into report from, 291–292 XML datasets, errors with, 331 DataSource property, FieldObject class, 299 datasources See also SQL commands access to, methods of, 212–215 adding to report, 32–34, 64–67 ADO NET datasets as, 32, 33, 213, 234–242 alias for, 226–227 changes to, verifying report mappings after, 69, 224–225 Custom Data Provider for, 213 data retrieval methods for, 13, 291–292 database files as, 33, 63, 212, 213 database objects adding to report, 217–221 selecting, 216–217 date and time data read from, 53 determining when planning report, 28 eliminating duplicates when browsing, 217 errors with, 331 Excel files as, 33, 63, 213 fields from grouping on, 36–38 inserting into report, 34–36, 53, 67 sorting on, 36–38 fields not bound to (unbound fields), 58–59 filtering (selecting) data creating record selection formulas, 269–270 with Report Engine, 293–294 with Report Expert, 41–43 for Web-based applications, 168–169 for Windows-based applications, 124–125 formulas in, 246–247 location of changing, 225 setting, 68–69 logon information for, 121–123, 168, 285–287 ODBC (RDO) access to, 33, 63, 212, 213, 214 OLEDB (ADO) access to, 33, 63, 212, 213, 214 optimizing, 104–105, 217 project data as, 32, 63, 212, 247 pushing data into report, 13, 291–292, 294 refreshing report data from, 135, 142, 179, 189–190 relational databases as, 213 removing from report, 68 sample database, 21, 211–212 saving data to report, 292 SQL commands as, 228–234 stored procedures as, 53, 64 supported by Crystal Reports NET, 13, 212–215 system tables as, 64 tables from adding to report, 217–221 inserting into report, 34 links between, specifying, 65–67, 219, 221–224, 289–291 location of, setting, 287–289 logon information for, 121–123, 168 349 Index datasources datasources datasources (continued) removing from report, 68 selecting to use in reports, 216 virtual, defining, 228–231 troubleshooting, 331 types of, 32–33, 63 XML database files as, 33, 63 Date data type, Basic Syntax, 259 Date field type, parameter fields, 101 date fields formatting, 301–303 in Report Designer, 53 date functions, Basic Syntax, 262–265 Date Time field type, parameter fields, 101 DateFieldFormat class, 302–303 DateTime data type, Basic Syntax, 259 date-time fields, formatting, 304 DateTime function, Crystal Syntax, 341 DateTimeFieldFormat class, 304 DateTimeSeparator property, DateTimeFieldFormat class, 304 DateTimeValue function, 341 DateValue function, 341 DayFormat property, DateFieldFormat class, 302 DayOfWeek function, Crystal Syntax, 341 DB/2 databases, 213 dBase/Xbase database files, 213 DecimalPlaces property, NumericFieldFormat class, 305 Default Settings window, 48 DefaultAttribute attribute, 273 deploying applications licensing requirements for, 321 project types for, 312–313 requirements for, 313–314 Setup Wizard for, 313 Web-based applications, 322–325 Windows-based applications, 315–322 DestinationFields property, TableLink class, 290 DestinationOptions property, ExportOption class, 282 DestinationTable property, TableLink class, 290 Detail area, 294 detail records, drilling down to, 143–145 Details Section, 51 Developers Journal, Crystal, 328 Dim statement, Basic Syntax, 342–343 Direction property, Search event, 142 discrete parameters, 102, 127, 170, 171–172 350 DisplayBackgroundEdge property, Report Viewer, 131 DisplayGroupTree property, Report Viewer, 131, 175 DisplayPage property, Report Viewer, 175 DisplayToolbar property, Report Viewer, 131, 175 Distinct Count, summary function, 39 distinct data, ensuring when browsing, 217 distributing applications See deploying applications DLL files, created by XML Report Web Services, 195 DOC files, exporting reports to, 136, 284 Dock property, Report Viewer, 117 document functions, Basic Syntax, 266 Dotnetfx.exe file, 313 Downloads, Crystal Decisions, 328 Drill Down Expert, 32 Drill event, 113, 143–145 DrillDownSubreport event, 113 DrillEventArgs class, 113, 143–144, 155 DrillSubreportEventArgs class, 113, 155 DSN, creating, 26–27 DSR files, converting to RPT files, 337–338 duplicates, eliminating when browsing data, 217 E EDI, 194 Else clause, Basic Syntax, 267 EnableDrillDown property, 145 EnableHideForDrillDown property, AreaFormat class, 295 EnableKeepTogether property AreaFormat class, 295 SectionFormat class, 296 EnableNewPageAfter property AreaFormat class, 295 SectionFormat class, 297 EnableNewPageBefore property AreaFormat class, 295 SectionFormat class, 297 EnablePrintAtBottomOfPage property AreaFormat class, 295 SectionFormat class, 297 EnableResetPageNumberAfter property AreaFormat class, 295 SectionFormat class, 297 EnableSaveDataWithReport property, ReportOptions class, 292 EnableSavePreviewPicture property, ReportOptions class, 292 EnableSaveSummariesWithReport property, ReportOptions class, 292 EnableSuppress property AreaFormat class, 295 SectionFormat class, 297 EnableSuppressIfBlank property, SectionFormat class, 297 EnableUnderlaySection property, SectionFormat class, 297 EnableUseDummyData property, ReportOptions class, 292 EnableUseLeadingZero property, NumericFieldFormat class, 305 Enter Parameter Values window, 125 enterprise applications See Crystal Enterprise equal to operator (=) Basic Syntax, 259 joins, 223 Eqv operator, 258 errors See also exception handling; troubleshooting with datasources, 331 with existing reports, 329–330 when exporting reports, 332 in formulas, 253–255 in Report Designer, 330–331 in subreports, 331–332 in Web Forms Viewer, 333 in Windows Forms Viewer, 332 in XML Report Web Services, 333–334 events in Report Viewer, 113–114, 140–146, 188–191 examples See samples; tutorials Excel (Microsoft) as datasource, 33, 63, 213 exporting reports to, 136, 284 printing reports from, 188 exception handling, 146 See also troubleshooting Exception property, HandleException event, 146 ExceptionEventArgs class, 113 Exchange (Microsoft), exporting reports to public fold­ ers of, 284 existing applications, migrating to Crystal Reports NET 2003, 335–338 existing reports, problems with, 329–330 experts See report experts exponentiation operator (^) in Basic Syntax, 258 Export method, ReportDocument class, 187, 282–284 ExportDestinationType property, ExportOption class, 282 ExportFormatType property, ExportOption class, 187, 188, 282 exporting reports errors with, 332 formats supported for, 284 from Report Engine, 282–285 from Report Viewer, 136–137 ExportOption class, 282–284 ExportReport method, Report Viewer, 136–137 F fat applications See single-tier applications Feature Examples sample reports, 20 Field Explorer, Report Designer accessing, 48 field objects in, 52–59 tables in, 219–220 field names, Basic Syntax for, 256 field objects database fields, 53 formatting, 298–300 formula fields, 54–56, 82–83 Group Name fields, 73–75 parameter fields, 56–58, 94, 101–104, 125–130, 169–173 Running Total fields, 80–83 special fields, 53–54 SQL Expression fields, 58, 232–234, 248–249 from stored procedures, 53, 64 summary fields, 39, 40, 54, 76–80, 91, 292 text objects, 53, 298 types of, 52–59 unbound fields, 58–59 FieldFormat property, FieldObject class, 299 FieldObject class, 298, 299–300 fields (database) See also unbound fields grouping on, 36–38 inserting into report, 34–36, 53, 67 sorting on, 36–38 Fields property, Table class, 286 fields (report) customizing at run time, 306–309 resetting running totals based on, 82 Fields tab, Standard Expert, 34–36 File Author field, 54 File Creation Date field, 54 File Path and Name field, 54 filtering database objects, 217 351 Index filtering database objects filtering (selecting) data filtering (selecting) data creating record selection formulas, 269–270 with Report Engine, 293–294 with Report Expert, 41–43 for Web-based applications, 168–169 for Windows-based applications, 124–125 Fix function, Basic Syntax, 340–341 Font property, FieldObject class, 300 footers Group Footer, 51, 75, 294 Page Footer, 51, 294 Report Footer, 51, 294 Form Expert, 31 Form Letter Expert, 31 Format Cross-Tab window, 86–87 Format Editor window, 97, 301 FormatOptions property, ExportOption class, 282 formatting areas of report, 295–296 boolean fields, 300–301 conditional, 270–273 currency fields, 305–306 date fields, 301–303 date-time fields, 304 field objects, 298–300 time fields, 303–304 Form_Load event, 278 forms (printed) See Form Expert Forms Viewer See Web Forms Viewer; Windows Forms Viewer forms (Visual Studio), displaying report in, 43–46, 114–117 forms (Web), displaying report in, 156–162 Formula Editor appearance of, customizing, 251–252 creating formula fields, 54–56 creating record selection formulas, 269–270, 293–294 default syntax type for, 340 formula fields See also SQL Expression fields; summary fields creating, 54–56 resetting running totals based on, 82–83 Formula variable, 256–257, 268 FormulaFieldDefinitions collection, 307–309 formulas See also running totals; summary fields Basic Syntax, 255–267 conditional formatting, 270–273 group selection formula, 54 integrating into report, 246–250 record selection formula 352 creating, 269–270 displaying, 54, 124, 168 editing, 124, 169 SQL expressions as alternative to, 232–234 syntax errors in, 253–255 syntax type default, 340 selecting, 252, 339 when to use, 249–250 writing at run time, 307–309 forums, 23 FoxPro database files, 213 full outer join, 223 G General Business sample reports, 20 generic Web Report Service, 202–204 geographic mapping, not supported, 14 GetCurrentPageNumber method, Report Viewer, 137–138 Global statement, Basic Syntax, 343 graphs See charts greater than operator (>) Basic Syntax, 259 joins, 223 greater than or equal to operator (>=) Basic Syntax, 259 joins, 223 Group Footer, 51, 75, 294 Group Header, 51, 75, 294 Group Name fields, 73–75 Group Number field, 54 Group Selection Formula field, 54 Group tab, Standard Expert, 36–38 group tree in Report Viewer, displaying, 131, 175, 177 GroupFooter area, 294 GroupHeader area, 294 grouping changing groups, 72–73 charts based on, 91 deleting groups, 73 displaying group number, 54 displaying group selection formula, 54 fields used for, 36–38 footers for, 51, 75, 294 formatting groups, 73–75 headers for, 51, 75, 294 inserting groups, 70–72 orphans resulting from, eliminating, 75 performing on server, 105, 217 purpose of, 69 resetting running totals based on, 82 sort orders for, 70 sorting based on summary fields, 78–80 specified grouping, 37, 70 GroupNumber function, Basic Syntax, 266 GroupSelection function, Basic Syntax, 266 H Handled property, viewer events, 140, 189 HandleException event, 113, 146 hardware requirements, for deploying applications, 314 HasDrillUpButton property, Report Viewer, 175 HasGotoPageButton property, Report Viewer, 175 HasPageNavigationButtons property, Report Viewer, 176 HasRefreshButton property, Report Viewer, 176 HasSearchButton property, Report Viewer, 176 HasZoomFactorList property, Report Viewer, 176 headers Group Header, 51, 75, 294 Page Header, 51, 294 Report Header, 51, 294 Height property, FieldObject class, 300 HourFormat property, TimeFieldFormat class, 303 HourMinuteSeparator property, TimeFieldFormat class, 303 HTML files exporting reports to, 284 printing reports from, 188 I IDE (Integrated Development Environment), If Then statement, Basic Syntax conditional formatting with, 271–273 using, 266–267 If Then Else statement, Basic Syntax conditional formatting with, 273 using, 267 IIS (Internet Information Server), 152 Imp operator, 258 indexes (database), using to optimize report performance, 105, 217 Informix databases, 213 InitReport event, 279 inner join, 223 Insert Group window, 70–71 Insert Subreport window, 95–96 installation See also Windows Installer files Crystal Reports NET, 16–18 NET Framework, 152 sample applications, 18–21 Instmsia.exe file, 322 Instmsiw.exe file, 322 InStr function, Basic Syntax, 262 integer divide operator (\) in Basic Syntax, 258 Integrated Development Environment See IDE integration methods for reports, See also Web Forms Viewer; Windows Forms Viewer; XML Report Web Services Interactivity sample application, 20 Internet Explorer (Microsoft), specifying for Report Viewer, 178 Internet Information Server See IIS IsNull function, Basic Syntax, 266 IsNumeric function, Basic Syntax, 262, 341 Item property, Tables class, 285 J joins creating in Database Expert, 65–67, 221–224 looping through, 289–291 in views, 246 JoinType property, TableLink class, 290 K KeywordsInReport property, SummaryInfo class, 278 Knowledge Base, Crystal Decisions, 327 L languages for merge modules, other than English, 319 programming, supported by Visual Basic NET, Last7Days function, Basic Syntax, 262 LastFullMonth function, Basic Syntax, 263 LastFullWeek function, Basic Syntax, 262 Last4WeeksToSun function, Basic Syntax, 262 LastYearMTD function, Basic Syntax, 263 LastYearYTD function, Basic Syntax, 263 LCase function, Basic Syntax, 262, 341 left outer join, 223 Left property, FieldObject class, 300 Len function, Basic Syntax, 262, 341 353 Index Len function, Basic Syntax Length function, Crystal Syntax Length function, Crystal Syntax, 341 less than operator (