Figure 14*6. Function chart. Table 14-5 Safety Device Symbols Sensing and Self-Acting Devices Variable Backflow Burner Flame Combustible Gas Concentration Flow Level Safety Device Designation Common Check Valve Burner Flame Detector Combustible Gas Detector High Flow Sensor Low Flow Sensor High Level Sensor Low Level Sensor Instrument Society of America (I.S.A.) Flow Safety Valve Burner Safety Low Analyzer Safety High Flow Safety High Flow Safety Low Level Safety High Level Safety Low (table continued) Pressure Pressure or Vacuum Vacuum Temperature Flame High Pressure Sensor Low Pressure Sensor Pressure Relief or Safety Valve Rupture Disc or Safety Head Pressure- Vacuum Relief Valve Pressure- Vacuum Relief Manhole Cover Vent Vacuum Relief Valve Rupture Disc or Safety Head Fusible Material High Temperature Sensor Low Temperature Sensor Flame or Stack Arrestor Pressure Safety High Pressure Safety Low Pressure Safety Valve Pressure Safety Element Pressure Safety Valve Pressure Safety Valve None Pressure Safety Valve Pressure Safety Element Temperature Safety Element Temperature Safety High Temperature Safety Low None (table continued on next page) Table 14-5 (Continued) Safety Device Symbols Sensing and Self-Acting Devices Safety Device Designation Symbol Variable Fire Combustible Gas Concentration Common Flame Detector (Ultraviolet/ Infrared) Heat Dector (Thermal) Smoke Detector (lonization) Fusible Material Combustible Gas Detector Instrument Society of America (I.S.A.) Temperature Safety High Temperature Safety Element Analyzer Safety High Combination Device (table continued) [...]... personnel to be able to per- 422 Design of GAS-HANDLING Systems and Facilities form their work safely and to be aware of environmental considerations Training should address the operating procedures, the safe work practices, and the emergency response and control measures Assurance of Quality and Mechanical Integrity of Critical Equipment Procedures for assurance of quality in the design, fabrication, installation,... Pipe schedule and end connection for each service and pressure rating *Reviewed for the 1999 edition by Jorge Zafra of Paragon Engineering Services, Inc 425 426 Design of GAS-HANDLING Systems and Facilities 5 Welding certification and inspection requirements 6, Design details (if not already included in drawings) For example, branch connections, pipe support spacing and details, clearances, and accessibility... Figure 15-1 Cutaway of ball valve (Courtesy of Cameron Iron Works, Inc.] Figure 15 -2 Cutaway of plug valve (Courtesy ofXomox Corp.) 4 32 Design of GAS-HANDLING Systems and Facilities Plug valves usually require lubrication on a regular basis to seal They tend to have a more unpredictable torque than ball valves and are thus hard to automate As with ball valves, plug valves are on/off valves and should oaly... Fittings, and Piping Details 429 Table 15 -2 (Continued) Example Specifications of Pipe/ Valves, and Fittings Globe I fc-in and smaller (Hydrocarbons) 1 ^-in and smaller (Glycol) 2- in and larger 20 00 Ib CWP CS screwed Etc 20 00 Ib CWP CS socketweld 150 Ib ANSI CS RF flanged, handwheel operated Etc Check 1 VS-in and smaller 600 Ib ANSI FS screwed, bolted bonnet4, standard trim 2- in and larger 150 Ib ANSI CS... designs have a secondary metal-to-metal seat to provide a seal in case of fire Ball valves are not suitable as a throttling valve, but can be used on start-up and shut-down in the partially open position to bleed pressure into or out of a system These valves are the most common general-purpose on/off valves in production facilities (text continued from page 430) 4 28 Design of GAS-HANDLING Systems and. .. A105 ASTM A105 (table continued on next page) 430 Design of GAS-HANDLING Systems and Facilities Table 15 -2 (Continued) Example Specifications of Pipe, Valves, and Fittings Couplings 1 -in and smaller 1 J4-in Plugs 1 !44n, and smaller 2- in and larger Screwed Reducers M-in and smaller 1-in-l 14-in Flanges 1 ^-in and smaller 2- in and larger Bolting Studs Nuts Gaskets Thread Lubricant 6000 Ib FS screwed... Design of GAS-HANDLING Systems and Facilities Figure 15-4 Butterfly valve (Courtesy or Keystone Valve USA, Inc.) Figure 15-5 Cutaway view of globe valve (Courtesy of Jenkins Bros.) Valves, Fittings, and Piping Details 43S Figure 15-6 Typical single-port body control valve (left) and pneumatic actuator fright) (Courtesy of Fisher Controls International, Inc.] There are many configurations of plugs and. .. "practicable." 424 Design of GAS-HANDLING Systems and Facilities These analyses tend to be rather long and complex and can negatively impact both project cycle time and cost Indeed, as a check to assure that basic known safety concepts are not inadvertently overlooked in the pile of documentation which is necessary for a safety case, the safety case approach should include within it all the elements of the... mind and, as a minimum, should cover the following: • Opening of equipment or piping, • Lockout and tagout of electrical and mechanical energy sources, « Hot work and other work involving ignition sources, • Confined space entry, and «Crane operations Training Training for new employees and contractors, and periodic training of existing employees is necessary to educate personnel to be able to per- 422 ... threaded and coupled ASTM A106, Grade B, Seamless3 Schedule 160 or XXH threaded and coupled Schedule 80 min beveled end beveled end Schedule 80 min See Table 2- 4 Valves (Do no1 use for temperatures above maximum indicated.) Ball '/-in and smaller %-in,-l M-in 2- in. -8- in 1 0-in and larger Gate !/-in and smaller %-in.-l J^-in 2- in-l 2- in 1500 Ib CWP ANSI 316 SS screwed, regular port wrench operated, Teflon . and smaller threaded and coupled Schedule 160 or XXH nipples 1 !^~in. and smaller threaded and coupled Schedule 80 min pipe 2- in 3-in. pipe beveled end Schedule 80 min 4-in. and . in production facilities. (text continued from page 43 0) 4 28 Design of GAS-HANDLING Systems and Facilities Table 15 -2 Example Specifications of Pipe, Valves/ and Fittings 150-lbANSI Non-corrosive . continued on next page) 430 Design of GAS-HANDLING Systems and Facilities Table 15 -2 (Continued) Example Specifications of Pipe, Valves, and Fittings Couplings 1 -in. and smaller