Giáo trình các nguyên lý về bệnh hại cây trồng -chương 1 pot

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Giáo trình các nguyên lý về bệnh hại cây trồng -chương 1 pot

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đại học cần thơ đại học cần thơ đại học cần thơ đại học cần thơ - - khoa nông nghiệp khoa nông nghiệp khoa nông nghiệp khoa nông nghiệp giáo trình giảng dạy trực tuyến QJ7S&ĂQ7K7HO)D[ :HEVLWHKWWSZZZFWXHGXYQNQQHPDLOGPLQK#FWXHGXYQYWDQK#FWXHGXYQ Giáo trình Các nguyên lý về bệnh hại cây trồng Chơng 1 Mở đầu Biên soạn bởi PGs. 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U [DQK1HSKRWHWWLVDSLFDOLVYDUFLQWLFHSV0DLFKRQQJLWDYQFRQFKRU [DQKFKQKODWDFQKQJQQEQKOXDOXQ7XQKLQFDFQJKLQFXYVDX FKQJPLQKODLU[DQKFKODWDFQKQODQWUXQEQKPDWKLFRQQJXQQKQ FKQKODYLUXW7QFDFQJKLQFXYFDFEQKFWUQJGRYLUXW FWLQKDQKPFGXFKDFRSKQJWLQWKFKQKGDQJFXDYLUXW0DL QQPNQKKLQYLLQWXWLQFFKWDRQKQORDLPLELWF KQKGDQJYDNFKWKFFXDYLUXW9DFXQJNWWKLLPQFDFQJKLQFXY FDFEQKFGRYLUXWFXQJFSKDWWULQPDQK  iQQP'RLYDFWYFKQJPLQKEQKYDQJODFXDFDVWHUGRPWORDL YLVLQKYWJLQJQKPFRSODVPDPFRSODVPDOLNHRUJDQLVPJUDPX FKRYLFSKDWKLQUDQKLXEQKYDQJODWUQFWUQJODGR0/2YLVLQKYWJLQJ PFRSODVPD  1JDQDYLSKQJWLQQJDFDQJKLQDLKQFDFQJKLQFXYEQK FDFRPWEFWLQGDLYDUWFKXQVX  ,,,ik,7ml 1* &8t$0k1+2&%j 1+ &h<75k |1*   1JDQKKRFEQKFWUQJKDFRQJRLODEQKOWKDRPF3ODQWSDWKRORJ KRFSKWRSDWKRORJODPWQJDQKWURQJQJKWUQJF1JDQKKRFQTXDQWP QEQKWUDQJFXDFQJXQQKQJUDEQKFDFLXNLQDQKKQJOQ EQKVWKLWKDLGREQKJUDYDFDFELQSKDSLSKRYLEQKiODPW QJDQKKRFWQJWQKQJDQKNKRDFXDFRQQJLYDQJDQKWKXFXDYWQXL  1JDQKKRFEQKFWUQJWKHRXLFDFPXFWLXVDX &DÉF1JX½Q/ÉY½Ð%½ÕQK+DÕL&»7U¾ÐQJ&KÀ¿QJ

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