1 REVISION I. Tenses I. THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE: 1. Form: - I,You, We, They + Verb ( infinitive without to) - He, She, It + Verb -s/es 2. Usage: - Diễn tả một thói quen, một hành động xảy ra thường xuyên, lặp đi lặp lại: + He watches TV every night. + We go to school by bicycle. + She often gets up late on Sundays. - Diễn tả một chân lý, một sự thật hiển nhiên. + The sun rises in the East. + Tom comes from Britain. + They are students. - Nói về thời khoá biểu (timetables), chương trình (programmes): + The plane leaves for Ho Chi Minh city at 11.30 a.m. + Johnny departs for Australia tomorrow. + The comedy begins at eight o'clock. - Dùng sau các cụm từ chỉ thời gian: when, as soon as, và những cụm từ chỉ điều kiện : if, unless. + We will not believe you unless we see it ourselves. + As soon as the football match begins, people start shouting. + If she asks you, tell her that you do not know. 3. Spelling: - Ta thêm S vào sau các (V) đi sau ngôi thứ 3 số ít và các (N) số ít. - Thêm ES và sau những (V) có tận cùng là : o, sh, s, ch, x, z . Eg: teach, go, do, watch, brush - Những (V) có tận cùng là "y" và đứng trước nó là một phụ âm, thì ta đổi "y" thành "i" trước khi thêm "es". + He tries to help his friend. + Nam studies at Hoa Binh teachers training college. 4. Adverbs go with simple present: + often, usually, frequently : thường + always, constantly : luôn luôn + sometimes, occasionally : thỉnh thoảng + seldom, rarely : ít khi, hiếm khi + every day/week/month/ year : hàng ngày/ tuần/ tháng. 5. Negative form: * Đối với (V) đặc biệt ( be, can may ) ta thêm " not" sau (V) đó: 2 + He is a good student.  He isn't a good student. + She can swim very well.  She can't * Đối với (V) thường, ta dùng trợ động từ "Do", hoặc "Does" tuỳ theo chủ ngữ " Subject". + She doesn't like coffee. + They don't want to stay at home on Sundays. 6. Interrogative form: * Đối với (V) đặc biệt, ta đảo (V) lên đầu câu và thêm dấu "?" ở cuối câu. + Are you tired now? + Can your brother drive a car? * Đối với (V) thường, ta thêm "Do" hoặc "Does" vào đầu câu. ( Nhớ đưa "V" chính về nguyên mẫu) + Does her father like tea? + Do they do their homework everyday? II. THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE: 1. Form: - I + am - He, She, It + is + V-ing You, We, They + are 2. Usage: - Diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra và kéo dài ở một thời gian ở hiện tại, thường đi kèm với các cụm từ chỉ thời gian: now, right now, at the moment, at present. Ex: + The children are playing football now. + What are you doing at the moment? - Dùng theo sau các câu mệnh lệnh, đề nghị: + Listen! The baby is crying. + Be quiet! The children are sleeping in the next room. - Diễn tả một hành động sắp xảy ra trong tương lai gần: + She is coming tomorrow. + My grandparents are planting trees tomorrow. 3. Spelling: * Nếu "v" có tận cùng là "e" thì bỏ "e" trước khi thêm "ing". + come coming; smile smiling * Nếu "v" một âm tiết, tận cùng là một phụ âm mà trước nó là một nguyên âm, ta gấp đôi phụ âm cuối trước khi thêm "ing". + run running; sit  sitting * Nếu "v" có 2 hoặc hơn 2 âm tiết, tận cùng là một phụ âm mà trước nó là một nguyên âm, và trọng âm lại rơi vào âm tiết cuối ,ta phải gấp đôi phụ âm cuối trước khi thêm "ing". + begin beginning. 3 * Nếu "v" tận cùng là "l" mà trước nó là một nguyên âm đơn, ta phải gấp đôi "l" trước khi thêm " ing". + travel travelling.  Note: Không dùng thì HTTD với các "v" chỉ nhận thức, tri giác như: to be, see, hear, understand, know, like, want, glance (liếc), feel, think, smell, love, hate, realize ( nhận ra), seem, remember, forget, belong to (thuộc về), believe. -Với các "v" này, thường thay bằng thì hiện tại đơn. Ex: + I am tired now. (Không nói: I am being tired now) + She wants to go for a walk at the moment. (Không nói: She is wanting to go for a walk at the moment) + Do you understand the lesson? Yes, I understand it now. 4. Negative form: - Thêm "not" sau "v" to be: am; is; are tuỳ theo chủ ngữ. + She is not working now. + They aren't learning at present. 5. Interrogative form: - Đảo am, is, am, are lên trước "S". + Is she watching TV at the moment? - Yes, she is. EXERCISE 1. Supply the correct verb forms: The simple present tense or The present continuous tense: 1. Jane, we (go) to town. (you/come) with us? 2. Hurry up! The bus ( come). I ( not want) to miss it. 3. How often ( you/ read) a newspaper? 4. The sun always ( rise) in the east. Look, it (rise) now. 5. I (hear) you. I ( know) what you( say). 6. The concert ( start) at 7.30 this evening. 7. She (have) coffee for breakfast every morning. 8. I ( see) that you (wear) your best clothes. 9. She sometimes ( buy) vegetables at this market. 10. Listen! Somebody (sing). III. THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE: 1. Form: - I You, We, They , He, She, It + V- ed - Regular verbs: là những "v" có qui tắc như: work, die, stay, play, like, love , live - Irregular verbs: là những "v" bất qui tắc có 3 dạng như sau: Simple present Simple past Past participle. do did done 4 go sleep have went slept had gone slept had 2. Usage: - Diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ, chấm dứt và biết rõ thời gian. + Jim went to Paris last summer. + My mother left this city two years ago. + He died in 1985. 3. Adverbs often go with: -yesterday, last, ago, in. 4. Spelling: * Thêm "ed" sau "v" có qui tắc. + work  worked * "v" có qui tắc có tận cùng là " e' chỉ thêm "d" + die  died. * "v" có tận cùng là "y" mà trước nó là một phụ âm , ta đổi " y" thành "i" và thêm "ed". * Nếu "v" có qui tắc một âm tiết, tận cùng là một phụ âm, trước nó là một nguyên âm ta phải gấp đôi phụ âm cuối trước khi thêm "ed". + stop stopped. *Nếu "V' có qui tắc có 2 âm tiết, tận cùng là một phụ âm & trước nó là một nguyên âm mà trọng âm lại rơi vào âm tiết cuối ta phải gấp đôi phụ âm cuối trước khi thêm "ed" + permit  permitted. * Nếu "v" tận cùng là " l", trước nó là một nguyên âm đơn, ta phải gấp đôi " l" trước khi thêm " ed". + travel  travelled. 5. Pronunciation: * Những "v" có qui tắc tận cùng là chữ cái được phát âm là /k/, /p/, /f/, /s/, /∫/ , /t∫/ khi thêm "ed" ta đọc là /t/. + laugh/ la:f/  laughed/ la:ft/ + book /buk/  booked/ bukt/ * Những "v" có qui tắc tận cùng là âm "t" & "d" khi thêm "ed" ta đọc là /id/. + want, need, devide, provide * Ngoài 2 trường hợp trên các "v" có qui tắc còn lại có các âm cuối như: m, n, ỗ, r , l, i, d3, sau khi thêm "ed" ta đọc là "d". + play [plei]  played/ pleid/ EXERCISE 2 . Which underlined part is pronounced differently from the others? 1. A. planted B. punished C. decided D. attended 2. A. brushed B. watched C. earned D. danced 3. A. tried B. lived C. looked D. travelled 4. A. needed B. enjoyed C. played D. delayed 5 5. A. cooked B. invited C. arranged D. specialized 6. A. succeeded B. improved C. travelled D. designed 7. A. shared B. borrowed C. owned D. backed 8. A. escaped B. advised C. described D. exchanged 9. A. booked B. survived C. laughed D. typed 10. A. changed B. crashed C. jumped D. introduced IV. THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE: 1. Form: - I , He, She, It + was + V-ing - You, We, They + were + V-ing 2. Usage: - Diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra và kéo dài một thời gian trong quá khứ. + Yesterday, Mr Moore was working in the laboratory all the afternoon. + What were you doing from 2 p.m to 6 p.m yesterday? - Hành động đang xảy ra vào một thời điểm ở trong quá khứ. + I was doing my homework at 3 p.m last Sunday. + They were practising English at that time. + What were you doing at this time yesterday? - Hành động đang xảy ra (ở QK) thì có một hành động khác đồng thời xảy ra (Simple Past). + When I came yesterday, he was sleeping. + What was she doing when you saw her? + As we were crossing the street, the policeman shouted at us. - Hai hành động xảy ra song song cùng một lúc ở trong quá khứ. + Yesterday, I was cooking while my wife was washing the dishes. * Note: Không dùng thì này với các "v" chỉ nhận thức, tri giác. Thay vào đó ta dùng thì Simple past. EXERCISE 3 Supply the correct verb forms: Simple past or Past continuous: 1. The children ( play) football when their mother (come) back. 2. When I (arrive) at his house, he still (sleep). 3. Marry (water) the flowers in her garden while her next door neighbour (chat) with her over the fence. 4. As we (cross) the street, we (see) an accident. 5. The bell (ring) while James ( take) a bath. 6. Tom (hear) a noise and (get) out of bed when the door ( open). 7. Who ( be) that man that you (talk) to? I (see) him at the gate when I ( came) in. 8. We (wait) for the bus when he (pass) by in his car and (offer) us a lift. 9. When the pupils (hear) the bell, they ( get up) and (leave). 10. We (be) very tired because I (work) all day yesterday. V. THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE: 6 1. Form: - I ,We + shall - I, You, He, She, It, They + will + V-bare infinitive - Bare infinitive: "v" nguyên thể không có to * Negative form: S + will/shall + not + V (bare-inf). + will not  won't + shall not  shan't * Interrogative form: Will / Shall+ S + V (bare-inf) ?. 2. Usage: - Dùng khi ta quyết định làm việc gì vào lúc nói. + A: Did you phone Mary? B: Oh, no, I forgot. I 'll phone her now. + Oh, I've left the door open. I will go and shut it. - Dùng để yêu cầu ai đó làm việc gì. + Will you close the door? + Will you please be quiet? - Dùng để đề nghị làm điều gì: + That suitcase looks heavy. I will help you carry it. + I'll bring it back this afternoon. - Đồng ý hay từ chối làm điều gì. + You know that book I lent you? Shall I have it back? + A: I need some money. B: Don't worry. I will lend you some. - Dùng để hứa hẹn làm điều gì đó: + I promise I will call you as soon as I arrived. + I won't tell Tom what you said. I promise. - Dùng Shall I và Shall we để đề nghị hoặc gợi ý. + Where shall we go this evening? + Shall I close all the windows? - Dùng I think I will hoặc I don't think I'll khi ta quyết định làm hoặc không làm điều gì. + I think I 'll stay at home tomorrow. + I don't think I'll go out with you tonight. I'm too tired. 3. Adverbs often go with: - someday: một ngày - tomorrow: ngày mai - next week/ month/ year: tuần/ tháng/năm tới. - soon: chẳng bao lâu nữa. 7 VI. NEAR FUTURE : 1. Form: I + am He, She, It + is + going to + V-bare infi You, We, They + are (dự định sẽ) I + am He, She, It + is + V- ing (sắp sửa) You, We, They + are 2. Usage: - Diễn tả một hành động sắp xảy ra hoặc một dự định sắp tới. (Thường trong câu không có cụm từ chỉ thời gian). + My father is retiring. + Where are you going to spend your holiday? * Phân biệt cách dùng Simple present & Near future: - Dùng will/ shall khi ta quyết định làm điều gì đó vào lúc nói, trước đó ta chưa có ý định gì. + Jom: My bicycle has a flat tyre. Can you repair it for me? Father: Okay, but I can't do it now. I'll repair it tomorrow. - Dùng be going to khi ta đã quyết định làm điều gì đó rồi. + Mother: Can you repair Jim's bicycle? It has a flat tyre. Father: Yes, I know. He told me. I'm going to repair it tomorrow. EXERCISE 4 Supply the correct verb forms: Simple future or Simple present: 1. After the class (be) over, ask the teacher about that sentences. 2. We'll go out when the rain (stop). 3. I (stay) here until he (answer) me. 4. Wait until I (catch) you. 5. I (send) you some postcards as soon as I (arrive) in Hanoi. 6. I (wait) here until you (come) back tomorrow. 7. I (come) and (see) you before I leave here. 8. Mary (not come) until you (be) ready. 9. Miss Laura (help) you as soon as she ( finish) that letter tomorrow. 10. They (go) home as soon as they have finished their work. VII. THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE : 1. Form: 8 I , You, We, They + have He, She, It + has + past participle * Negative form: S + haven't/hasn't + past participle * Interrogative form: Have/ Has + S + past participle ? 2. Usage: - Diễn tả hành động vừa mới xảy ra, vừa mới kết thúc, thường đi với trạng từ : just , recently. + The concert has just begun. + They have finished their homework recently. - Diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu từ quá khứ, còn kéo dài đến hiện tại và có khả năng tiếp tục ở tương lai, thường đi kèm với : + My uncle has lived in this house for ten years. + We have studied English since 1990. - Hành động xảy ra ở trong quá khứ (past) mà không biết rõ thời gian. + Mr . and Mrs. Brown have gone to Hanoi. + John has done his housework. - Một hành động được lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần ở quá khứ: + Daisy has read that novel several times. + We have seen "Titanic" three times. 3. Adverbs go with: - just, recently, lately: vừa mới, gần đây. - ever: đã từng - never: chưa bao giờ - already: rồi - yet: chưa - since: từ khi ( mốc thời gian) - for: khoảng (thời đoạn) - so far = until now = up to now = up to the present: cho đến bây giờ. * Note: - Ta thường dùng " just" với thì HTHT : + Would you like something to eat? No, thanks. I've just had lunch. - Dùng "for" để chỉ khoảng thời gian của hành động, dùng "since" để chỉ thời điểm mà hành động bắt đầu. + He has worked here for five months. + I have learnt English since 1990. - Dùng "yet" trong câu phủ định và nghi vấn, dùng "already" trong câu khẳng định. + Has John called yet? + I've already posted the letter for my friend. + He has already started his new job. - Dùng "ever", "never" với thì HTHT: 9 + Have you ever eaten snake meat? + He has never been here. - Dùng HTHT sau hình thức so sánh cao nhất: + What a boring film! It's the most boring film I've ever seen. - Dùng HTHT với : This is the first time, It is the first time + It is the fisrt time I 've been here. + This is the first time he has driven a car. - Gone to khác với been to: + Marian has gone to Italy. ( Câu này có nghĩa Marian đang ở nước Ý hoặc đang trên đường đi đến nước Ý) + Marian has been to Italy. ( Câu này có nghĩa Marian đã ở nước Ý trong quá khứ nhưng bây giờ cô ấy không còn ở đó nữa). - Dùng HTHT với this morning, this evening/ today/ this week/ this term khi những thời gian này vẫn còn trong lúc nói. + I've smoked ten cigarettes today. + I haven't seen Peter this morning. Have you? EXERCISE 5 Supply the correct verb forms: Simple past or Present perfect: 1. The plane (stop) at a small town. It then (take) off immediately after refuelling. 2. We ( study) a very hard lesson the day before yesterday. 3. I (read) that novel by Hemingway several times before. 4. What you (do) yesterday? 5. They (study) almost every lesson in this book so far. 6. Mr. Dean and his wife (travel) to Thailand by air last summer. 7. We (have) a little trouble with our car last week. 8. How long you ( learn) English? 9. Jim (never be) in Hanoi. 10. Mary (be) so happy when she (hear) the news that she (cry). VIII. THE PAST PERFECT TENSE : 1. Form: S + had + past participle * Negative form: S + hadn't + past participle. * Interrogative form: Had + S + past participle ? 2. Usage: - Diễn tả một hành động quá khứ đã kéo dài cho đến khi hành động quá khứ thứ 2 xảy ra (hành động thứ 2 dùng QK đơn).(Hoặc diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác ở trong quá khứ). * Hành động xảy ra trước : Dùng thì Past perfect. 10 * Hành động xảy ra sau: Dùng thì Simple past. + When I got up this morning, my father had already left. + After the children had finished their homework, they went to bed. + It was the most difficult question that I had ever known. - Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ. + We had lived in that town before 1980. EXERCISE 6 Supply the correct verb forms: Simple past or Past perfect: 1. After they had gone, I (sit) down and (have) rest. 2. He (forget) what I (tell) him. I (remind) him many times, but he still (not bring) what I (want). 3. What he (be) when he ( be) young? 4. It was the first time I (ever see) such a beautiful girl. 5. He (ask) me whether I (see) his pen on the table. I (tell) him that I (not see) it around. 6. If you (wait) only a little while longer, you would have met her. You (not see) her since we last (meet) two years ago. 7. They (go) home after they (finish) their work. 8. They told me they (not eat) such kind of food before. 9. After taking a bath, he (go) to bed. 10. When we came to the stadium, the match ( already begin). IX. THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE : 1. Form: S + have/has + been + V-ing 2. Usage: - Diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ và kéo dài liên tục tới hiện tại. + It has been raining. + I have been studying French for five years. - Note: Không dùng thì HTHTTD với các "v" chỉ nhận thức hay tri giác. - Các từ đi kèm : since & for. EXERCISE 7 Choose the best answer by circling the letter A,B,C or D: 1. I'm busy at the moment. I __________ the sitting room. A. decorate B. decorated C. am decorating D. have decorated 2. I always buy lottery tickets but I __________ anything. A. have never won B. didn't win C. not win D. don't win 3. How did you get that scar? - I __________ it in a car accident a year ago. A. get B. had got C. got D. have got [...]... bổ ngữ đó trước "by" *Ex: + The police found the boy thirty minutes ago 17  The boy was found by the poliuce thirty minutes ago + The police found the boy in the forest  The boy was found in the forest by the police + The police found the boy in the forest thirty minutes ago  The boy was found in the forest by the police thirty minutes ago II FORMATION: 1 Simple present tense: S + am/is/are + past... giờ, hiện tại) - at weekends * For place: (cho nơi chốn) - at home - at the theatre - at the seaside - at the grocer's; at the hairdresser's; at the doctor's - at school - at the corner of the street - at the top - at the bottom - at the foot of the page - at the beginning, at the end ( of the lesson ) - at the shop - arrive at the airport; rainway station Note: (v) arrive đi với giới từ at thường... in favour of the new law 7 It is expected that the government will lose the election  The government is expected to lose the election 8 It is thought that the prisoner escaped by climbing over the wall  The prisoner is thought to have escaped by climbing over the wall 9 It is believe that the thieves got in through the kitchen window  The thieves is believed to have gotten in through the window 10... don't make the children work hard  The children 4 It is believed that the wanted man is living in Chicago  The wanted man 5 It is said that many people are homeless after the floods  Many people 6 It is known that the Prime Minister is in favor of the new law  The Prime Minister 7 It is expected that the government will lose the election  The government 8 It is thought that the prisoner... class 20 I'm very busy present 21 I have no time the moment 22 He was standing the middle of the room 23 Please write your name the top of the page 24 There is vocabulary the end the page 25 I shall see her the beginning of the week 26 my opinion, it is a very good book 27 She is the garden 28 The train arrive Victoria station 4.30 29 Please... over the wall  The prisoner 9 It is believed that the thieves got in through the kitchen window  The thieves 10 It is reported that two people were seriously injured in the accident  Two people 11 It is said that three men were arrested after the explosion  Three men 12 It is said that he is 110 years old  He 13 They rumoured the man was still living  The. .. She's going into the house + David put the pen into the drawer last night + I got into the train then + John fell into the river yesterday + He jump into the river and swam + Come into my house, please - Into còn được dùng để chỉ sự thay đổi của điều kiện hay kết quả + The rain changed into snow + Mary burst into tears - Into còn có nghĩa chống lại (against) + He crashed his car into the wall 7 OUT OF:... patient with them 9 UNDER: - Under có nghĩa ở dưới để chỉ vị trí một vật + The cat was under the table + She hid the novel under the pillow so that her father woun't see it - Under còn có nghĩa là it hơn, thấp hơn 27 + Chilkdren under fourteen years of age shouldn't see such a film + The incomes under $2,000 a year made him poor - Under được dùng để chỉ điều kiện khác + The road is under repair (= The road... car 3 People don't make the children work hard  The children aren't made to work hard 4 It is believed that the wanted man is living in Chicago  The wanted man is believed to be living in New York 5 It is said that many people are homeless after the floods  Many people are said to be homeless after the floods 6 It is known that the Prime Minister is in favor of the new law  The Prime Minister is... Buổi (half a day): in the morning/afternoon/ evening ( Nhưng: at night, at noon) 25 - in time: đúng giờ ( He came to the party in time) * For place: - In : ở trong - in the diningroom - in the box - in the desk - In được dùng trước các thành phố, đất nước, miền, phương hướng +in London, in Paris, in Hanoi + in Vietnam, in England, in France + in the east, in the north - in the street : trên đường . forest by the police. + The police found the boy in the forest thirty minutes ago.  The boy was found in the forest by the police thirty minutes ago. II. FORMATION: 1. Simple present tense: . *Ex: + The police found the boy thirty minutes ago. 18  The boy was found by the poliuce thirty minutes ago. + The police found the boy in the forest.  The boy was found in the forest. is. EXERCISE 1. Supply the correct verb forms: The simple present tense or The present continuous tense: 1. Jane, we (go) to town. (you/come) with us? 2. Hurry up! The bus ( come). I ( not