GRAMMAR 23 PHRASAL VERBS 1 5 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. a) They didn't punish Karen, only gave her a warning. got Karen got off with a warning. b) What sort of progress are you making in your new job? getting How are in your new job? c) There were no taxis so in the end I had to walk home. up Because there were no taxis I home. d) I'm doing more work than I bargained for. be I didn't expect much work. e) Brenda doesn't get on with her next-door neighbour any more. fallen Brenda has her next-door neighbour. f) I broke down and cried when I heard the news. into I when I heard the bad news. g) The best solution was thought of by Sally. came Sally the best solution. h) Soon it will be time for lunch. getting It's lunch time. i) What happened confirmed the truth of Jack's prediction. borne Jack's prediction by subsequent events. j) Carol has trouble communicating her ideas to others. her Carol has trouble across. 149 Explanations This unit (and Grammar 23 and 25) assume that a wide range of phrasal verbs, and their grammatical types, are already known. These units focus on multiple meaning, and alternative ways of expressing meanings of phrasal verbs. Note that there may be other meanings for the verbs listed here. Give away (betray) His false identity papers gave him away. Give off (send off a smell - liquid or gas) The cheese had begun to give off a strange smell. Give out (be exhausted) When our money gave out we had to borrow some. Give over (abandon, devote) The rest of the time was given over to playing cards. (stop - colloquial) Why don't you give over! You're getting on my nerves. Give up (surrender) The escaped prisoner gave herself up. (believed to be dead or lost) After ten days the ship was given up for lost. Go back on (break a promise) The management has gone back on its promise. Go in for (make a habit of) / don't go in for that kind of thing. (enter competition) Are you thinking of going in for the race? Go off (become bad - food) This milk has gone off. Go on (happen - usually negative) Something funny is going on. Go round (be enough) There weren't enough life-jackets to go round. Go through with (complete a promise or plan - usually unwillingly) When it came to actually stealing the money, Nora couldn't go through with it. Grow on (become more liked - colloquial) This new record is growing on me. Hang onto (keep - colloquial) / think we should hang onto the car until next year. Have it in for (be deliberately unkind to someone - also as have got) My teacher has (got) it in for me. 150 GRAMMAR 24 PHRASAL VERBS 2 Have it out with (express feelings so as to settle a problem) / put up with the problem for a while but in the end I had it out with her. Have someone on (deceive - colloquial) / don't believe you. You're having me on. Hit it off (get on well with - colloquial) Mark and Sarah really hit it off at the party. Hit upon/on (discover by chance - often an idea) They hit upon the solution quite by chance. Hold out (offer - especially with hope) We don't hold out much hope that the price will fall. Hold up (delay) Sorry I'm late, I was held up in the traffic. (use as an example - i.e. a model of good behaviour) Jack was always held up as an example to me. Hold with (agree with - an idea) I don't hold with the idea of using force. Keep up (continue) Well done! Keep up the good work! Lay down (state a rule - especially lay down the law) The company has laid down strict procedures for this kind of situation. Let down (disappoint, break a promise) Sony to let you down, but I can't give you a lift today. Let in on (allow to be part of a secret) We haven't let Tina in on the plans yet. Let off (excuse from punishment) As Dave was young, the judge let him off with a fine. Let on (inform about a secret - colloquial) We're planning a surprise for Helen, but don't let on. Live down (suffer a loss of reputation) If City lose, they'll never live it down. Live up to (reach an expected standard) The play quite lived up to my expectations. Look into (investigate) The police have promised to look into the problem. Look on (consider) We look on this town as our real home. Look someone up (visit when in the area) If you're passing through Athens, look me up. Make for (result in) The power steering makes for easier parking. Make off with (run away with) The thief made off with a valuable necklace. Make out (pretend) Tim made out that he hadn't seen the No Smoking sign. (manage to see or understand) / couldn't quite make out what the notice said. 151 ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE Make someone out (understand someone's behaviour) Janet is really odd. I can't make her out. Make up (invent) / think you made up the whole story! Make up for (compensate for) Our success makes up for all the hard times. Miss out (fail to include) You have missed out a word here. (lose a chance - colloquial) Five people got promoted, but I missed out again. Own up (confess - colloquial) None of the children would own up to breaking the window. Pack in (stop an activity - colloquial) John has packed in his job. Pay back (take revenge - colloquial) She paid him back for all his insults. Pick up (improve - colloquial) The weather seems to be picking up. Pin someone down (force to give a clear statement) / asked Jim to name a suitable day, but I couldn't pin him down. Play up (behave or work badly) The car is playing up again. It won't start. Point out (draw attention to a fact) I pointed out that 1 would be on holiday anyway. Pull off (manage to succeed) It was a tricky plan, but we pulled it off. Push on (continue with some effort - colloquial) Let's push on and try to reach the coast by tonight. Put across (communicate ideas) Harry is clever but he can't put his ideas across. Put down to (explain the cause of) Diane's poor performance was put down to nerves. Put in for (apply for a job) Sue has put in for a teaching job. Put oneself out (take trouble - to help someone) Please don't put yourself out making a meal. A sandwich will do. Put off (discourage, upset) The crowd put the gymnast off, and he fell. Put up (offer accommodation) We can put you up for a few days. Put up with (tolerate, bear) / can't put up with all this noise! 152 GRAMMAR 24 PHRASAL VERBS 2 Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence. a) Richard and I have never really hit it/ourselves off. b) The manager promised to look into my request/the matter. c) I am afraid I don't hold with this kind of thing/people like you. d) Hang on to the tickets, they might fall/we'll need them later. e) The team couldn't keep up the pressure/the score in the second half. f) This'll go off unless you put it in the fridge/close the window. g) I think the second paragraph/a great opportunity has been missed out. h) Most of the meeting was given over in the end/to Tom's report. i) Stephen eventually confessed up/owned up to sixteen murders, j) Something odd is going on behind my back/tomorrow afternoon. Put one suitable word in each space. a) We can't watch that programme if the television is playing up again. b) This novel is beginning to on me. c) It is quite clearly down that only amateurs can take part. d) Sales were slow to start with, but now they're up. e) I don't want to you off, but this type of plane has crashed quite often. f) Two members of the gang eventually themselves up. g) We out that we had forgotten Jane's birthday, though it wasn't true. h) There should be enough plates to round. i) What does that notice say? I can't it out. j) Hilary told me to her up the next time I was in London. 153 ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE Read the text and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each space. The small resort of Palama (1) B. out rather in the 1990s, as the tourists flocked to the more obvious attractions of the nearby resorts of Calapo and del Mare. But now, thanks to a major new hotel development plan, business is (2) , and Palama is more than (3) its poor past showing and unfashionable image. The kindest thing one can say about Palama is that it (4) you if you've been staying there for long enough. It is being (5) up as a shining example of the latest retro-style of modern hotel architecture, but as far as this observer is concerned, it only occasionally (6) its billing. 1) A held 2) A picking up 3) A putting in for 4) A grows on 5) A played 6) A lives up to B missed B making out B hanging on to B hold with Bput B holds out C made C paying back C hitting it off C puts up with C held C makes for D gave D giving over D making up for D pushes on D made D puts across 4 Read the text and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each space. Phil West test drives the Mondo XfS You'd be hard-pushed to find a more comfortable drive - the superb suspension system makes (1) C an easy ride over bumpy roads, although the performance is somewhat let (2) by the handling round corners. Maybe I just drove this monster too fast! The instruction manual (3) that the XJS can hit a top speed of 240 kph: 200 would be nearer the mark - still not a figure to be sniffed at. The dashboard controls are an absolute picture and easy to operate, although some of the electronics were a bit temperamental on my trial run - at one point, alarmingly, the windscreen wipers decided to (4) Also I did not (5) with the gearbox, and only found third gear with difficulty. But hey, I'm the world's most demanding critic - this thing is a beast! Don't be (6) by the price, a cool £85,000. 1) A out 2) A up 3) A puts up 4) A give away 5) A hit it off 6) A missed out B off with B down B pulls off B miss out B pull it off B owned up Cfor C in C makes out C put off C have it out C put off Dup D on D holds up D pack up D live it down D hit upon 154 GRAMMAR 24 PHRASAL VERBS 2 5 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. a) I'm not really interested in sports. go I don't really go in for. sports very much. b) Terry was rude but Anne got her revenge on him. being Anne paid Terry to her. c) You can stay with us for a week. up We can for a week. d) The police only warned Sally because it was her first offence. off Sally was warning because it was her first offence. e) Sue drew attention to the flaw in the plan. out Sue plan was flawed. f) The plain clothes officer's boots showed he was a policeman. given The plain clothes policeman's real identity his boots. g) Hard work was what caused Jill's success. put Jill's success can hard work. h) The box smelled faintly of fish. gave The box of fish. i) I think my boss is prejudiced against me. it I think my boss me. j) The holiday wasn't as good as we had expected. up The holiday didn't expectations. MroHMjMgnHjnHnMMWHHjHHNffiHHBHHBVgaMMnUttl SEE ALSO 155 Explanations This unit (and Grammar 23 and 24) assume that a wide range of phrasal verb: and their grammatical types, are already known. These units focus on multip] meaning, and alternative ways of expressing meanings of phrasal verbs. Note that there may be other meanings for the verbs listed here. Rip off (charge too much - colloquial) You paid £50? They really ripped you off! Run down (criticise) She's always running down her husband. (lose power, allow to decline) / think the batteries are running down. Run into (meet) Guess who I ran into at the supermarket! Run to (have enough money) I don't think we can run to a holiday abroad this year. Run over (check - also run through) Let's run over the plan once more. Run up (a bill - let a bill get longer without paying) I ran up a huge telephone bill at the hotel. Run up against (encounter - usually a problem) We've run up against a slight problem. See someone off (go to station, airport, etc to say goodbye to someone) / went to the station to see them off. See through (realise the truth about) I saw through his intentions at once. Send up (make fun of by imitating) Jean is always sending up the French teacher. Set about (start working) We must set about re-organising the office. Set in (establish itself - especially weather) / think this rain has set in for the day. Set out (give in detail in writing) This document sets out all the Union demands. (arrange) I've set out the refreshments in the hall. (start an action) Sue set out to write a biography but it became a novel. Set up (establish) An inquiry into the accident has been set up. 156 GRAMMAR 25 PHRASAL VERBS 3 Set (up) on (attack) We were set upon by a gang of hooligans. Sink in (realise slowly - colloquial, intransitive) Slowly the realisation that I had won began to sink in. Slip up (make a mistake - colloquial) Someone slipped up and my application was lost. Sort out (find a solution - colloquial) Don't worry, Mary will sort out your problems. Stand by (keep to an agreement) The company agreed to stand by its original commitment. Stand for (represent - initials) E.g. stands for exempli gratia, it's Latin. (tolerate) / will not stand for this kind of behaviour in my house! Stand in for (take the place of) Carol has kindly agreed to stand in for Graham at the monthly meeting. Stand up to (resist, bear stress) The engine won't stand up to the strain. Step down (resign - colloquial) The Chairman has stepped down after criticism from shareholders. Step up (increase) Production at the Leeds plant has been stepped up. Stick up for (defend - especially yourself, your rights - colloquial) You must learn to stick up for yourself. Take in (deceive) Don't be taken in by her apparent shyness. Take (it) out on (make someone else suffer because of one's own sufferings) / know you are unhappy, but don't take it out on me! Take off (imitate - colloquial) Dave takes off the Prime Minister really well. Take on (acquire a new characteristic) My grandmother has taken on a new lease of life since her operation. (do something extra) She has taken on too much with a full-time job as well. Take out (insurance - sign an insurance agreement) Ann has taken out life insurance. Take over (gain control of) The army tried to take over the country. Take to someone (develop a liking for) You'll soon take to your new boss, I'm sure. Take up (time - occupy time) The meeting took up a whole morning. Talk out of or into (dissuade from, persuade into) Paul talked me into going skiing, against my better judgement. 157 ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE Tell off (scold - colloquial) Our teacher told us off for being late. Tie in with (be in agreement with) I'm afraid your party doesn't quite tie in with our arrangements. Track down (trace the whereabouts of) The police tracked down the killer and arrested him. Try out (test - a machine) Let's try out the new washing machine. Turn down (reject an offer) Another company offered me a job but I turned them down. Turn out (happen to be in the end) He turned out to be an old friend of Helen's. (come to a meeting or to form a crowd) Thousands of fans turned out to welcome the team. Turn up (be discovered by chance) Don't worry about that missing book, it's bound to turn up sooner or later. (arrive - often unexpectedly) Not many people turned up for the lesson. Wear off (lose effect - especially a drug) These painkillers wear off after about two hours. Work out (calculate - also work out at for specific amounts) The hotel bill worked out at over £500. 158 [...]... for B stuck up for B set B take out B over B take to B run up against C worn off C sort C set about Cup C tell off C tie in with D talked into D run D stand by Doff D see through D stand up to 159 ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE Read the text and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each space Meetings which (1) D too much of managers' time are being blamed for inefficiency and lost revenue, according... realised yet what winning this race means sunk It hasn't j) In the end we had to walk to the railway station up We in the end his smooth manner just under £4,000 won this race to the railway station 163 ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE 4 Put one suitable word in each space a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) 5 It looks as if the front door lock has been tampered with The people were protesting the closure of two local factories... shall be deemed to refer to money owed to you from seven years ago or more We would also (3) to (point out to you) the fact that column 3 on page 6 of your tax declaration can now be left blank 165 ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE 8 Using the notes as a guide, complete the letter Use one or two words in each space The words you need do not occur in the notes To: Anne From: PY We've had a letter from a Mr Scott,... result/'accordingly'/thus/hence/'consequently'/for that reason, all troops have been withdrawn The employers have promised to investigate these complaints, and we in turn have agreed to end the strike 167 ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE Making generalisations Broadly speaking, generally speaking, on the whole, by and large, to a large/some/a certain extent, this has been an encouraging year for the company Starting... tourist industry g) I'm here on business in addition/as opposed to pleasure h) The weather is likely to be dry and warm In the far north-west of Scotland, however/whereas, it will be wet and windy 169 ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE Read the interview and decide which answer (A, B or C) best fits each space Interviewer: The recent scandal involving your finance minister has done little to restore public confidence... find the money elsewhere Semi-colons divide parts of long sentences or long phrases in a list; it is usually possible to divide one sentence into shorter ones, so that semi-colons are unnecessary 173 ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE 1 Add the necessary commas, (semi) colons and apostrophes to these texts I've been to the following Italian cities Rome Florence Genoa and Pisa I thought Rome was incredible the... My watch has a six-year gaurantee As far as I'm concerned, the marketing is a seperate issue As if by magic, the strange man dissappeared Too much sun can cause premature ageing of the skin 175 ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE In most lines of this text, there is either a spelling or punctuation error For each line, write the correctly spelled word, or show the correct punctuation Indicate correct lines... My passport needs renewing to I i) Nobody there had heard of Miss Rutherford who Nobody there j) There is something on your mind, isn't there? about You're my passport renewed was , aren't you? 179 ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE 3 Underline the 20 extra words in this dialogue Tina: Well Martin, pleased to meet with you, and congratulations on getting the job I'm going to show you round the department, so... certificates being (7) (8) library hours, books may (9) in the 'books back' box at the entrance to the library, but note that books returned in this way will not be processed until (10) working day 183 ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE 3 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given Do not change the word given a) I am not to be disturbed under any circumstances... the door on arrival with a 'Hello, Gloria, and have a nice day' All in (14) , they were a delight, although I am sorry to report that by the time they left, they had absorbed (15) passes as the English language hereabouts, and had plunged downhill towards unintelligibility Oh well, there you go, I suppose 178 GRAMMAR 2 29 CONSOLIDATION 6 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to . sign. (manage to see or understand) / couldn't quite make out what the notice said. 151 ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE Make someone out (understand someone's behaviour) Janet is really odd. I. say? I can't it out. j) Hilary told me to her up the next time I was in London. 153 ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE Read the text and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each space. The. from, persuade into) Paul talked me into going skiing, against my better judgement. 157 ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE Tell off (scold - colloquial) Our teacher told us off for being late. Tie in with