TEST FOR UNIT 4 I/ Fill the gap in each sentence with the correct form of the word in parentheses: 1. ____________ growth is expected to average 2% next year. (ECONOMY) 2. It is usually ____________ to buy washing powder in large quantities. (ECONOMY) 3. The factory is no longer ____________ viable. (ECONOMY) 4. Older people are important contributors to the ____________. (ECONOMY) 5. The government has ____________ a programme of economic reform. (INITIATE) 6. Activities all take place under the guidance of an ____________ tutor. (EXPERIENCE) 7. Until now, wage increases have always kept pace with ____________. (INFLATE) 8. The government have tried to achieve the ____________ of poverty and crime. (ELIMINATE) 9. The police have ____________ two suspects from their investigation. (ELIMINATE) 10. The government pays ____________ to farmers to produce particular crops. (SUBSIDIZE) 11. Meals in the cafeteria are ____________ by the company. (SUBSIDIZE) 12. We do not need further government ____________. (INTERVENE) 13. We needed you there to offer words of ____________ (ENCOURAGE) 14. Despite the recession the company is confident of further ____________ (EXPAND) 15. It is perfectly ____________ to import these goods under European law. (LEGAL) 16. ____________ drinking clubs continue to operate in the city. (LEGAL) 17. The schools have a ____________ measure of local autonomy. (SUBSTANCE) 18. The city has grown ____________. (SUBSTANCE) 19. They are having a party to celebrate the ____________ of their first year’s goals. (ACHIEVE) II/ Choose the word which has the meaning provided: 1. A situation in which somebody becomes involved in a particular issue problem, etc in order to influence what happens. (intervention, commitment) 2. Change intended to correct or improve the situation. (reform, policy) 3. Control something or so, often in a negative way, because you have more power or influence. (reduce, dominate) 4. Make something stop existing. (commit, dissolve) 5. Action that’s intended to achieve or deal with something. (productivity, measure) 6. Happening or coming after something else. (substantial, subsequent) 7. Something important that must be done first or needs more attention than anything else. (ground, priority) 8. Not growing or developing. (stagnant, inefficient) 9. An economic process in which prices increase so that money becomes less valuable. (inflation, renovation) 10. Large in amount or degree. (substantial, administrative) 11. Poor and not having modern industries or advanced technology. (underdeveloped, developed) 12. Make something new again by repairing or improving it. (adopt, renovate) 13. Organize something such as a company in a different way so that it will operate better. (restructure, reaffirm) 14. Change. (guideline, shift) 15. Decide to start using a particular idea, plan or method. (adopt, eliminate) III/ Fill in each gap with only one suitable word: 1. The government is ____________ tougher measures to combat crime. 2. They injected the ____________ directly into her bloodstream. 3. Developing countries are against agricultural _____________ in western countries. 4. Free ____________ is an economic system in which private businesses compete with each other without much government control. 5. The scandals left his reputation in ____________. 6. A _____________ economy is not a developing, growing or changing one. 7. ____________ is a group of people from a particular culture or of a particular race living in a country where the main group is of a different culture or race. Overseas ____________has had a positive effect on exports. 8. The tertiary _____________ is the area of industry that deals with services rather than materials or goods. 9. The key is , how long can the federal government control the ____________ rate? 10. It is urgent and essential to have the ____________ of the educational system. 11. They have threatened us with ____________ action. ☻GRAMMAR: I/ Complete the sentences with either because or because of (=due to): 1. He came ten minutes late ____________ he missed the bus. 2. We delayed our trip ____________ the bad weather. 3. They are here ____________ us. 4. ____________ they live near us, we see them quite often. 5. She stayed home ____________ feeling unwell. 6. Sue’s eyes were red ____________ she had been crying. 7. I left the message ____________ you weren’t there. 8. We couldn’t get into the disco ____________ the enormous crowd. 9. You can’t enter this secure area ____________ you don’t have an official permit. 10. It’s unsafe to travel in that country ____________ the ongoing civil war. 11. ____________ there had been an accident, we all arrived late. 12. My mother is always complaining ____________ the untidiness of my room. II/ Choose the correct completion: 1. (Although/ Despite) the sun was shining, it was cold. 2. (Despite/ though) his physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman. 3. (Even though/ In spite of) the doctor warned Carol, she has continued to smoke nearly three packs of cigarettes a day. 4. I wasn’t tired (although/ in spite of) working hard all day. 5. Kitty wanted to report on the war (even though/ despite) the danger. 6. Bill kept playing golf (in spite of/ even though) it was raining. 7. (In spite of/ Though) Kate’s clever, she isn’t doing very well at school. 8. It was a fantastic evening (in spite of/ although) the terrible food. 9. (Though/ Despite) they lack official support, they continue their struggle. 10. (Although/ in spite of) you dislike Jessica, you should try to be nice to her. III/ Fill in the gaps with: because/ because of (due to)/ although (though, even though)/ despite (in spite of): 1. She managed to get there, ____________ she didn’t have a map like the others. 2. Mark didn’t go to work yesterday ____________ he didn’t feel well. 3. He never smiles at me or speaks to me ____________ the many efforts I have made to be friendly. 4. Several people in the crowd became ill and fainted ____________ the extreme heat. 5. ____________ I’m quite old, I still miss my parents. 6. The trees were bent over ____________ the wind. 7. ____________ the fact that they were busy, they still helped us. 8. The water in most river is unsafe to drink ____________ it’s polluted. 9. ____________ being much younger than the others, he was the most outstanding footballer in the team. 10. We watched TV all evening ____________ we had nothing to do. 11. ____________ I knew the truth, I decided not to tell them. 12. The man had an accident ____________ his carelessness. 13. My sister got the job, ____________ she didn't expect to. 14. Daniel forgot his passport ____________ having it on his list. 15. The goods were never delivered ____________ the promise we had received. 16. Henry asked Claire to marry him __________ the fact that he's a lot older than her. IV/ Rewrite the following sentences, using “because of”: 1. I stayed at home because my mother was ill. → ________________________________________________________________ 2. We had to hurry indoors because it was raining → ________________________________________________________________ 3. We didn't arrive until seven o'clock because the traffic was terrible. → ________________________________________________________________ 4. I couldn't go out because I had a cold. → ________________________________________________________________ 5. Because he loved his country deeply, he devoted his whole life to the national liberation struggle. → ________________________________________________________________ 6. He likes her because she is very beautiful. → ________________________________________________________________ 7. She can't work hard because she is very old. → ________________________________________________________________ 8. He couldn't go to school because he was very poor. → ________________________________________________________________ 9. I can't buy this bike because I don't have enough money. → ________________________________________________________________ 10. I couldn’t concentrate on studying last night because there was a noise in the next flat. → ________________________________________________________________ V/ Rewrite the following sentences, using “because”: 1. Because of their interest in comets, they decided to study astronomy. → ________________________________________________________________ 2. She felt sleepy because of the long performance. → ________________________________________________________________ 3. The field trip was cancelled because of the heavy rain. → ________________________________________________________________ 4. Because of my friend’s absence, I have to copy the lessons for him. → ________________________________________________________________ 5. Harry had to stay in hospital because due to his broken leg. → ________________________________________________________________ 6. The young couple decided not to buy the house because of its dilapidated condition. → ________________________________________________________________ 7. Jim had to give up jogging because of his severely sprained ankle. → ________________________________________________________________ 8. We all have received the best of everything because of our parents’ generosity. → ________________________________________________________________ 9. John succeeded in is exam because of his hard and methodical work. → ________________________________________________________________ 10. Sarah has to sit in the front row in class because of her poor eyesight. → ________________________________________________________________ VII/ Make sentences from the given words or phrases: 1. He/ not pass/ driving test/ though/ tried/ keep calm. → ________________________________________________________________ 2. Although/ he/ like music/ not play/ musical instruments. → ________________________________________________________________ 3. Although/ they/ protest/ government/ won’t/ anything. → ________________________________________________________________ 4. Plane/ took off/ time/ even though/ foggy. → ________________________________________________________________ 5. Even though/ he/ strong/ not break down/ door. → ________________________________________________________________ VIII/ Rewrite the following sentences as directed: 1. Linh studied hard. However, she didn’t pass the final exam. → Even though _____________________________________________________ 2. It was late and I was exhausted, so I went straight to bed. → Because ________________________________________________________ 3. I know he’s your friend, but he can’t sleep here. → Even ___________________________________________________________ 4. I disagree with his point of view, but I understand why he thinks that way. → Although ________________________________________________________ 5. Jack is still unemployed in spite of applying for about a dozen different job. → Though _________________________________________________________ 6. While most people agreed that the car was a bargain, none of them wanted to buy it. → Even ___________________________________________________________ 7. The old people didn’t have very much money, but they were really generous. → Despite _________________________________________________________ 8. All the banks will be closed on Monday. It’s a holiday. → Because of ______________________________________________________ 9. Our team played really well, but we didn’t win the game. → Though _________________________________________________________ 10. You’ll know that the fruit is getting ripe when the skin starts to turn yellow. → Because ________________________________________________________ IX/ Pronunciation: 1. A. measure B. subsidies C. domestic D. hospital 2. A. overall B. priority C. program D. promote 3. A. expand B. islander C. land D. stagnant 4. A. domestic B. confide C. compulsory D. remote 5. A. eliminate B. eventual C. enterprise D. reform 6. A. slum B. accuse C. drug D. subsidy 1. A. communist B. constantly C. government D. achievement 2. A. administrative B. intervention C. productivity D. opportunity 3. A. renovation B. economic C. eliminate D. irrigation 4. A. dominate B. inflation C. constantly D. subsequence 5. A. dissolve B. reform C. stagnant D. expand 6. A. initiate B. substantial C. restructure D. subsidy X/ Prepositions: 1. These days everybody is aware __________ the danger of smoking. It was only __________ accident when I found out who the man really was. That man is very honest. He isn’t capable __________ telling a lie. 2. Don’t worry __________ arranging our holiday. I’ll take care __________ it. 3. I don’t care __________ money. It is not important __________ me. 4. They fell __________ love __________ each other almost immediately and were married in a few weeks. 5. The education system in Britain was crying out __________ reform. 6. Until now, wages increases have always kept pace __________ inflation. Years of fighting have left the area __________ ruins. 7. The company’s commitment __________ providing quality at a reasonable price has been vital to its success. 8. British schools are now required __________ law to publish their exam results. 9. If you think you may be allergic to a food or drink, eliminate it __________ your diet. ◘ PRONUNCIATION: 1-3. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others 1. A. eliminate B. eventual C. enterprise D. reform 2. A. expand B. islander C. land D. stagnant 3. A. thus B. another C. neither D. ethnic. 4-5. Choose the word whose stress pattern is different from the others: 3. A. renovation B. minority C. apologize D. compulsory 4. A. subsidy B. vacancy C. applicant D. illegal. ◘ GRAMMAR and VOCABULARY: 6-25. Choose the best answer from A, B, C or D: 6. “____________” means “an economic process in which prices increase so that money becomes less valuable.” A. Renovation B. Reform C. Inflation D. Intervention 7. As a result of the strike, the government is urging people to be ____________ with electricity. A. economical B. economy C. economic D. economically 8. The reform has brought ____________ positive effects in many sectors of the economy. A. in B. about C. on D. to 9. She wasn’t well, but ____________ this she went to work. A. although B. because C. because of D. in spite of 10. It is ____________ to shoot an alligator in the Everglades where animals are under the protection of the National Park Service. A. legal B. illegal C. legally D. illegality TEST FOR UNIT 7 11. The government cut spending through reductions in state ____________ to industry. A. benefit B. subsidies C. intervention D. taxes 12. The government is aiming ________ 50% reduction ________ unemployment. A. at/ in B. to/ in C. at/ of D. for/ of 13. Some snakes are poisonous, ____________ others are harmless. A. so B. for C. but D. despite 14. After many years of Doi Moi process, Vietnam has ____________ many encouraging results. A. achieve B. achieved C. achieves D. achieving 15. “We expected Larry to accept the job, but he didn’t.” is closest in meaning to “____________” A. Larry accepted the job even though we didn’t expect so. B. even though Larry was expected to accept the job, he didn’t. C. Although Larry was expected to accept the job but he didn’t. D. That Larry accepted the job was beyond our expectation. 16. Did your country ____________ a lot of difficulties before Doi Moi? A. experience B. experienced C. experience D. experiencing 17. I want you to __________ these instructions exactly. A. take up B. put out C. turn up D. carry out 18. The player was ejected because he committed a foul. A. as B. due to C. despite D. provided 19. The committee __________ among themselves for hours. A. have been arguing B. have been argued C. has been arguing D. has been argued 20. Industrial countries __________ a great amount of raw materials. A. absorb B. apply C. employ D. consume. 21. The most important impact of __________ is the change in urban economic life. A. renew B. renovation C. recycle D. change 22. We need a __________ improvement in sales so that they are greater. A. greatly B. economic C. substantial D. particularly 23. Don’t you think the manager should deal __________ this problem? A. with B. to C. on D. from 24. He managed to win the race __________ hurting his foot before the race. A. although B. because of C. despite of D. in spite of 25. You have to work hard to keep __________ with the rest of the class. A. out B. up C. in D. on 26-30. Choose the underlined word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that needs correcting: 26. The Land Law and the Enterprises Law have laid legal grounds for dissolve inefficient co- A B C D operatives. 27. One of the managers who works for the company has been dismissed. A B C D 28. She wanted to know how long would it take her to get there. A B C D 29. Although being the best qualified candidate, he didn’t get the job. A B C D 30. The job is badly paid but I’m looking for another one. A B C D ◘ READING COMPREHENSION: 31-35. Read the passage below carefully. Decide whether the statements are TRUE or FALSE: By 1986, Vietnam had begun to recognize that major changes were needed. At a national congress held in December, new party leaders launched the doi moi (economic renovation) program to reform Vietnamese society and stimulate economic growth. The leaders declared their intention to bring about a mixed economy, involving a combination of state, collective, and private ownership. Foreign investment was encouraged, and a more tolerant attitude was adopted toward the free expression of opinion in the country. Vietnam also sought to improve its position in foreign affairs. Vietnam made serious attempts to improve relations with China and with t United States, which ended its economic embargo in 1994. Full diplomatic relations were established the following year. In 1995, Vietnam joined in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), a regional organization dedicated to promoting the economic growth of its member states. While stating the intention to create a modified market economy, Vietnam insists that state-run industries will hold the “commanding heights” in the system. There is open concern at the corrosive influence of decadent ideas from the West, which is viewed as a pilot by “dark forces” in the United States to destroy the Vietnamese revolution. Vietnam has declared its support for a policy of “economic reform, political stability.” TRUE or FALSE? 31. The purpose of the economic renovation program is to change Vietnamese society completely and stimulate economic growth. 32. Vietnam has followed the economic policy allowing a mixed economy, involving a combination of state, collective, and private ownership. 33. Vietnam has tried to improve diplomatic relations with all countries in the world, especially the neighboring nations and the United States. 34. The United States established full diplomatic relations with Vietnam in 1994. 35. There is still concern about “dark forces” from some Western countries to the Vietnamese revolution. 36-45. Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that best fits the blank space in the following passage: ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE SINCE “DOI MOI” The “Doi Moi” policy has produced remarkable economic success. Macroeconomic and structural reforms initiated in the late 1980s (36) __________ stabilized the economy and yielded high levels of income growth. Not only has the economic decline of the 1980s been halted, but Vietnam has also become one of the fastest growing economies in the world with widespread and visible improvements in living (37) __________ for the large portion of the country’s population. HIGH AND STABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH Despite the adverse impacts of the regional economic crisis that (38) __________ out in 1997, the country’s GDP increased by an average of 7% per year during the 1994-2004 period. The growth (39) __________ was 8, 4 % in 2005. The share of GDP by economic sectors has been changing (40) __________. As a proportion of the economy, agriculture has (41) __________ to 21.8% in 2004 from 40.8% in 1990. Industry (including construction) (42) __________ up 40.1% of the economy, up from 22.8% in 1990 while the share of services increased slightly from 36.4% (43) __________ the same period. New services are (44) ______and expanding rapidly, such as insurance, auditing, consultancy, business development services (45) __________ technology transfer. 36 A. has B. have C. become D. get 37 A. costs B. levels C. standard D. scales 38 A. broke B. took C. acted D. came 39 A. rank B. amount C. number D. rate 40 A. well B. positively C. better D. brightly 41 A. climbed B. moved C. dropped D. been 42 A. took B. made C. put D. look 43 A. during B. between C. at D. while 44 A. existing B. coming C. emerging D. showing 45 A. too B. as well C. also D. and ◘ TRANSFORMATION: 46-50. Rewrite the following sentences using the words/ phrases given: 46. He couldn't go to school because he was very poor. → Because of ___________________________________________ 47. Due to the deep love of his country, he devoted his whole life to the national liberation struggle. → Because _____________________________________________ 48. In spite of Macy’s sadness at losing the contest, she managed to smile. → Macy managed to smile although __________________________ 49. While I strongly disapprove of your behaviour, I will help you this time. → Despite my ___________________________________________ 50. Although her grandfather was very old, he walked five kilometers every morning. → Despite ______________________________________________ . in 20 04 from 40 .8% in 1990. Industry (including construction) (42 ) __________ up 40 .1% of the economy, up from 22.8% in 1990 while the share of services increased slightly from 36 .4% (43 ) __________. rate 40 A. well B. positively C. better D. brightly 41 A. climbed B. moved C. dropped D. been 42 A. took B. made C. put D. look 43 A. during B. between C. at D. while 44 A. existing. 19 94- 20 04 period. The growth (39) __________ was 8, 4 % in 2005. The share of GDP by economic sectors has been changing (40 ) __________. As a proportion of the economy, agriculture has (41 )