GIẢI CÁC BÀI TOÁN TRONG ĐỀ THI TUYỂN SINH ĐẠI HỌC, CAO ĐẲNG NĂM 2010 Môn thi : HOÁ, khối A - Mã đề : 596 Câu 1        −   !"  # $   − − %  &'()  $ −  #  − !*+," /01! 123456(7-898:  ; <!0 =! $!0 !0# Giải >2?-@&4A&-89&B&'-89&B.CD&'-89&BE  D!  D# " %D     →    ##   .D0 F  GD0H0D0D0 0 H  2D0 Câu 2 $0I#J/24,&1$&K9&.C0 LM  3  ; # !N8O2AA%+&& /N8P8!Q8O&+: <!R =!0RS# $!0 !0T Giải QU8():1&V():$ RSR!D0I#  D0 WV()LM # XC():$1Y-Z-C8A&.( LM # 1 → LM  1  [0 LM # $ → LM  $  0\0 ])8./N8P8^P8N)8./:$0!RDR Câu 3 J/2NB_    &KN)8(X8M4`0T!a,&&b88&+4V NB34,&LMc&O;& /J/2NB"&KN)8(X8M4`!89(d&:2A &'/2 #  <!Se =!#Re $!e !Se Giải $U():J/20! QU8():  &V:  0f()  2A   #   →  # =-g 0f hA # 2A  0  # J/2 T30f;D0T!  D J/2"()f0ff#D0f  " D30f;! *  D "  30f;!D0T!  DS 89(d&2A eS0  S = Câu 4 *+()Od&$ #  T $ #   $$ #  T $ #  I d&8i-_2Ed&Pd& <!$ #   $ =!$ #  T  $!$ #  T !$ #  I  Câu 5:*789O&B89( 3j;?NB  ]k  3jj;?NB     3jjj;?J/2NB    .X 3jW;$k  $-l 3W;$LM   #     -l 3Wj;$8  L )&B892A8O NmA%+ <!# =!R $!S ! Câu 6: $E4`  3N;  3N; €  # 3N;!]8&n89&-,&V&KN)8:J/2NB(X8  8A-8!hO&48Z-cN88iE4`% <!hA&A89&E4`%Z&M8i&@N8&n89&-,! =!hA&@&A89&E4`%Z&M8iN8&n89&-,! $!hA&89&E4`%Z&M8i&@N8&n89&-,! !hA&@&89&E4`%Z&M8iN8&n89&-,! Câu 7:$B&$ # _-,H& /B&!od%0 B&&O?X8=$  3.;& /00TNp&&:!kl&NO0B& $$  3.;+_8-(N8Np&&cO2A& /Np&&:!Q8O&+ :&.C <!T =!# $!TT !0 Giải $ #  →   $ #    30; R R =$    $ #  → =$ # $ 3; R R DR!!DT $ #  →   $ # $     3#; $$    $ #  → $$ # $ 3;     $ # 3;D  $ # 30;  $ # 3#;    $ # 3#;DfRD0  $ # &+,&B&D$ # 30;$ # 3#;DR0!DT  DTH0DTH Câu 8:k,&2E&m(+qC <!,&)β qC,&)β r+&qC =!,&)β qC,&)α r+&qC $!8)α qC !,&)α qC,&)β r+&qC Câu 9: 8Op&J/28-C&-M8&gs-:T$!$& 4,./-M8&&+Y&O?X8./.< # &+ # & /#R<!8  <!$   S $   S $   =!$   S $ #   $   $!$ # $   S $   !$ # $   S  Giải !D$DR Q8A(mNtM8&r8<D!D0 *M-i48<D!W@%$ $ → <  u$ → < %% %DR %D DS%D0 R 0 #!S  = − = ORCH M  u#0DR  uDI3$   S ;  W@%4-g$ # $   S $   Câu 10:J/2k_-C8&4%8-C"-iPvw() %Y&m$&'():8d&S3():"XC():;!p-)&O% &k&V& /##RB&NB$  3-N&;S  !kl&NOp-kX8    -l-Z &7892AM(&MO389(d&Te;&V()M(&M& / <!# =!#R $!T !0T Giải kDS$  D0S  "-i#$&+2E&m!  $t&:$ #   :8&$ #  N   QU8()::"%3Sx%xSHDS; $ #   \#$       $ #  N   \#$  NH   %N%H %DS N%HD0 Dx k y − = T 0 WVSx%xS  ND  %D#  D WV():5C():8&Y&B&M():! y(&M& /t&$   # $$ #    yD!T!00D0T Câu 11:$_  #$  R$ R # $ − 0 #  − !aZP845p&$  &+g,&./s-:$3;  QB&+: <! =!0 $! !0T Giải WV$  D − # HCO Y $3$ # ;  $3;  \$$ #    ## D#!D Câu 12: J/2NB(-E%không&_&P8v89&-,&.bz <!  L  =!$    $!    !$  Câu 13: aJ/2NB_$    #  &+,&4VNB3c&O8;& /J/2NB"!$",8&s&s4V.X4+3.;(N8Np&&cO2AN)8./ 4V&nTJ/2NB13-N&;&O&+!*KN)8:1(X8  0T!Q8O&+:  <!#T =!S $!STS !R Giải   D 1 DxD    q  1 D!0T!THDS D!R#!fSD#T Câu 14: &sl2d&&+4VNB30;LM3+;3;LM   # $3N;3#;<  3N;3;$ $3 # ;  3+;3S;$] # 3+;3R;<$3+;!$O&+.b/2A%+2A8ON8P8 <!30;3#;3R; =!3;3#;3; $!30;3;3S; !3;3S;3R; Câu 15: *'()d&{CPvwt&2E&m$       <!# =!0 $! ! Câu 16: $O2O&48Z( 30;o.|2&2-i4)O%N8&8p2cX8$+ # 3;jLM # dVMM&+8p&UF<+G# S 3#;=,&t&74)O%N8&8p2cX8NB 3;h}t&    !<  3  ; # !   $O2O&48Z-c <!30;3#;3; =!3;3#;3; $!30;3;3#; !30;3;3; Câu 17: hO&48Z(-E%-cz <!$ON8P8&+84+84M+8-i&O?X8.Xv89&-,&.b =!]8P8M+8 /w-Zp&P&p46-89 $!]8P88MN8ZP&8&Z@22.C&E89 !*M8i&ng:-89&BP&EON8P8N8i&'3&s4M+8-p4+8;89&-, A%8Ag Câu 18: &&1  .X /!p00]k &V& /#Np&&:!kl&NOp0]k&V& / Np&&:!Q8O&+: <!# =!0S $!00 !0R0 Giải =8&O%(~ /8A8X8&+.b/2&'6O&d&*013;  48&,&2gv*() ]XCY13;  4&8iC! TN1. ]D ]1  \13;  ]    30; ]13;  \]  1     3; QU8():13;  2Av2&3;  ):13;  &P+v2&30; II #a x +   ]D ; II # 3 a x + D 30; TN2. ]DT o./]v&B89XC*0TfDR! *.C&7.&+Y& ]D3R; ; II  #3 a x ++ DT 3; *s30;3;DxD0DI  1  D II #a x + D0  1  D0R0!0D0R0 Câu 19: $OP8&C4t&C2+&CMqCM&&&C&`&C8&+8 RR!)&C&'/2 <!# =! $! !S Câu 20: *+()O2O&48Z(i2M3$ R  S ; 30;hM&B&&+.X.&8i&+$ 3;hM&B8&2MNt-'86|&B 3#;hMw-Z(Ad&NMOd&89&d) 3;hM&82A&p4+&p8&+•C4MqM $O2O&48Z-c <!30;3;3; =!3;3#;3; $!30;3;3#; !30;3#;3; Câu 21: $48Y&+82M2&8&3Pv;NOP8N8&€2E&-i& /#88& %882M%8z <!# =!I $! !R Câu 22: J/2NB_-8M&%888-+4-_-•8Y&8p2!a)&O%&0 J/24`,&./8s-:& /SSJ/2"_NBC8.X!p"-8 68&(r+8-l3.;&V^P8SNB3O&Z&BNBC8-vw-8iN89;! $t&2E&m:88-+4 <!$   R $ #  T =!$ #  R $   T $!$  $   R !$    $ #  R Giải $     → $  H  0H  HH $   %  → $  %H   44%4H 4D0 30; 4HDS 3; #S%4HD#S 3#; *%v30;3;3#; /DS%D  $   R $ #  T Câu 23:hO&48Z-c <!]8&€2E-pwO2+&M8-C8A(~J/2Oα 88& =!]8^&+‚&+$3;  &d%d&892-@ $!yq88qc&O2A&€2EMqC&&qC !<8&M828M(&M:8&2&2+8qC Câu 24: a)&O%&J/2#-C&,wƒ%-_-•& /#TT B&NB$  3-N&;S  !Q8O&+: <! =!S $! !S Giải $  D0  D# $  „  Dx-C $   0  → $  30;   0# DxD0# ):D  f$  D0# D30!0#0T;0#D Câu 25: @-(-E%-cN88i#%Y&m R SS R 0# R 0  " 1 z <!"&,w,&%Y&)OU =!1w()N)8 $!"w()C&+ !1-_:w,&%Y&)OU Câu 26:$LM&&&+%    3&K9%DS;& /,& (A2…Nm%d&K)8(r&!)MM&+./LM&+Y.bN84 & <!# =!% $! !% Giải (2AK)838&p&;YA%+2A( LMR    \LM  3  ; # #  R   %H#[% MD#!%H#D% Câu 27: <M& /-8ip4`O8OMb8(-&€2E&+    ƒ!aZ& /0SM&&V./Mgw38A(m89(d&6O&+V-8ip-P&Se;  <!# =!S $! !R Giải $ R  S $ #    → $ # $$ # 0 ST gx  T 0 ST 0S!0 = [0S Câu 28: $Od&$ # $<3; # LM3; # L$    $!)d&&O? /X8 ƒv89&-,&.b <! =!S $!# !R Câu 29: *€2E&,&M(&Mygws-:0e& /,&#RJ/2)8:88&4%8-C!88&- <!$$ # $ =!$ # $$   S $ $!$   S $$ #   $ !$$   S $ Giải yDDR  Dy Dxy(&M# 3u†$;  u$u†† → u†$u††$u3; #   3u†R;3u††R;D#R  u†u††D0  u†D03;u††D0S3$ # ; Câu 30:$O%Y&)&so8-pL&M8i&n:-89&BP&E&V <!=ONB%Y&m-,E-89-i&n =!=ONB%Y&m&n-,E-898A $!=ONB%Y&m8A-,E-89&n !=ONB%Y&m-,E-89-i8A Câu 31:$0S  $ #  S 3$;  38&&8;0S$k& / !$.!N8O2AA%+&()-ƒ2A  <!S! =!RS! $!! !SS! Giải QD0S$D#S D!Q$DRS Câu 32:$0J/2_,&N8P8N8i,&N8P8N8i&'"&O?p&X8./ .$ƒ& /SRB&NB3-N&;!]8P8" <!&+88M! =!8&84M+8! $!N88! !N84+8! Giải   DS  ]oxS  T S 0 =<M  k,&N8P8%Y&mN)8XCT,&N8P8%Y&mN)85C! Câu 33:^&&TIJ/2_]=.X& /RTT B&NB  3-N&;!"_$    &K9&.C0!*+^4v8 "&'N)8./O)8 /&P+ <!0#! =!0TR! $!0T! !0R! Giải   D0   D  aZ&+^&V"gwX8()   QU8():    &V():$ D  D ])8./)8DN)8./N8P8N)8./)8& DTI!IR0R!#SSD0TR Câu 34:$(C-_%Z $ #  R   8=+ →  NaOH → "  CuO t → 1  O xt → *  #  CH OH t xt → y3y(&M-;! *YU8:" <!2+2 0# -8! =!2+2 0 -8! $!2+2  ! !8M+! Câu 35:$    ƒ< # $  <L!$d&không&O? /X8A &+Y <!]! =!=$  ! $! # ! ! # ! Câu 36:hA-892E$$  3X8-897&+C;2An^-89A%+N8 c/2N81 $$-l-8Z <!hAA%+tN}&M(72O&(8^-89! =!ai(8+$v7E! $!hAv7E(7&8:N8P8l8N8P8! !hAv7.C-i(78$ ! Câu 37:<NM/2.X&P&# M&%2M& # !*Y: <!# M&%2M& # M! =! M&%2M&  M! $!# M&%2M&  M! !# M&%2M& 0 M! Câu 38:$(C-_%Z *+8M8   3  ;H du Ni t+ →   NaOH du t+ → " HCl+ → 1! *Y:1 <!8&8M8! =!8&M8! $!8&28&8! !8&(&M+8! Câu 39:hO&48Zkhông-c <!8-+(r484v8.Xv89&-,&.b! =!]8.C&VrM+MOP&wV:4! $!*d&AO%Y&)M-iO()8 00#S&+O/2d&! !*+t8922&2 /(Ad&4`OJ/26l2&2+8&O&&) v0  $&+^-89! Câu 40:a)&O%&,&M(&M-CPv32E&m()8YNp&π5C#;& / &Z&BNB$  4`RH&Z&BNB  -ƒ2A3O&Z&BNB-vw-8iN89;!$ &O?&X8]k& /"!$tP"& /0TT d&+‚N!Q8O&+: <!! =!RRR! $!TTT! !0SR! Giải al&t&:$   fN   N‡0 $   fN     # −− kn    → $  3fN;    #  R −− = kn xn  D#NR WVN‡0YK&Z4`#X8ND $t&2E&m:$ #  R   !$t&d&Pu$u†!uK&Zl$ # u$u†] → u$]u†  ].0f 3uT#;SR30f;0TT Dx  S + = R x WX8uD0&VD0Tx0P8 uD0S&VD0 D0!DTTT II. PHẦN RIÊNG (10 câu) Thí sinh chỉ được làm một trong hai phần (phần A hoặc B) A. Theo chương trình Chuẩn (10 câu, từ câu 41 đến câu 50) Câu 41:$d& /w-Z&…%&+‚8d%4,&8d%&+t892 <!$  ! =!  ! $!  ! !  ! Câu 42:J/2_088&Pv08Pv!NAn2A &)8-X8$l!a)&O%&& /R$    %  ! $O8O&+%&.C <!T0! =!T0S! $!0! !0S! Giải &O?s-:X8$lDx88&088& 8-C! $   f0 3  ;3$;   → 3;$    ## +n   0H  0   ## +n ˆ $   #  → $    ## +n   0H  0   ## +m ˆ $  DDR  D   D  ## +n   ## +m D#!    D   DˆˆD0 Câu 43:*s0TqC4`2.C2O2YM+./& /M&%8389(d& Te;!80M&%84`2.C2O2YM8d& /J/2!aZ&+^ J/2gk!89(d&6O&+VYM8d <!Te! =!0e! $!Ie! !e! Giải QD0  $   S D!TH0D0R $   S &+00R  $ # $3B&%p&;D0R $ # $3&7&p;DD0 eD0!0H0RDIe Câu 44:$Od&s&O? /X8$s&O? /X8< #  <!$<k! =!1$LM! $!k=! !18! Câu 45:*+2A]  $+    $→$+$ # $  ]$   )2E&m$-8&+^d&Nm4`Ng&'()2E&m$&82A!Q8O&+:N <!H! =!0H! $!#H0! !#H! Câu 46: 5&s&s&s8U&-pp&#$0k0  $ # k $ # k(2A& /()$   <!#! =!0! $!! !0S! Giải    −− → #  # HCOCO [    → − # HCO $     0\0 Câu 47:$J/2M&2+22A&X8./.< # &+  # & /#Np&&:0S)88:88&{C!Q8O&+:  <!0I! =!0#! $!0! !IS! Giải <D u$# # < #    → u$  <   # R[\ u$Du$  <   # f # f< # f   D0S#!TfR!0f!0f!0TD0I Câu 48:J/2_0,&8&4%8-C0)8:8&-X8N8P8Ni &'N)8./0ST!*Y:8&&+Y <!8&2+28! =!8&M&8! $!8&M&8! !8&4&8! Giải u$u$< 3uS;03u<;0D0ST Dx<uDRI uD  RI A− <2A85CRI < 3o8; #3; #I3]; u #03P8; #3P8; 0S3$ # ; Câu 49: a)&O%&,&./8-+4!d2&?&4,(A2…O% =3;  3.;&P+ISSNp&&:(2AN)8./8A0I#S(X8 =3;  4-g!$t&2E&m: <!$ #   ! =!$   R ! $!$ #  R ! !$ #  T ! Giải $  D=$ # D0S $    DISSf0I#SD0   D 0T !0S0 − D $  „    N $     → $  30;   0S DxD# Dx$ #  T Câu 50:a892E3X8-897&+C;,&_$$  w()-pN8v&& d&894U&NB&Vs-892E!*+A6O&+V-892E&+Y(A2…& /v& <!NB$    ! =!NB    ! $!KNB$  ! !NB$    ! B. Theo chương trình Nâng cao (10 câu, từ câu 51 đến câu 60) Câu 51: *+O28M(30;283M&%M&+%&;3;28(&8+M3#;8 3;283M&%M &M+M2&&;3S;8 RR3R;2838%M&&;O28M(A2…:2A&+w. <!30;3#;3R;! =!3#;3;3S;! $!30;3;3#;! !30;3#;3S;! Câu 52:a892E3-897&+C;$  0$4`^-89 .b-,<!*Z&BNB3-N&;&O&+v&(IRS8E%-892E <!B&! =!I0B&! $!0IB&! !0#B&! Giải WV()$„$  Y-C8A6O&+V-892E.( $$   → đp $$  A%+&+.X RRR3$$  Dˆ$; I nn t n It n n AIt m A A IRS IRSIRS ==>==>= *b88-892E$$  &%48Z&&+Y /&DSI( $     → đp $    ˆ  A%+(  !IRS ;SSIRS3 IRS  = − == n It n CuSO     D  WNBD3R;D0IB& Câu 53:$TB&NB # 3-N&;-86)(-70R$& /d&+‚38A (m2AA%+&;!hg&+nN)8./:$&+ <!0#e! =!TR#e! $!00e! !TSTTe! Giải  # D $D #$ #  → #$  #   =-g  hA #[# e#00 0R!#0R R!# e = − =Cu Câu 54:a)&O%&WB&C8,&84`,&./8s-:&P+TWB&J/2_NB 48NB8&CC8.X3O&Z&BNBC8-i-vw-8iN89;!<8&O?X88& 8&+Cv89&-,&.b8A82NB8&C!$d& <!$  D$  $ # ! =!$ # $   $ # ! $!$ # $  $    ! !$  D$ $    ! Giải $   %  q  → $  %H  qH  WW%WHqWHB& W3%HqH;DTW  %HqHDT %%qD0R%%qD0Rf   R S  # %q 3P8; 3P8; R T 0 WX8O8O&+&+Y&VUD#%DIqD02w/2 <   →   Dx84@0!Dx$ # $  $    Câu 55: 8-+d&{C& /3$ # ;  $$3;$ # !$d&&Y&%&p <!M&%8(2+2%M&! =!# M&%4&  ! $!# M&%4&  ! ! M&%4& # ! Câu 56:*+()O_n./30;&:%-893;83#;l&&+b83;&P{_ n./(P <!30;3#;3;! =!3;3#;3;! $!30;3;3;! !30;3;3#;! [...]... gồm ancol metylic và hai axit cacboxylic (no, đơn chức, kế tiếp nhau trong dãy đồng đẳng) tác dụng hết với Na, giải phóng ra 6,72 lít khí H2 (đktc) Nếu đun nóng hỗn hợp X (có H2SO4 đặc làm xúc tác) thì các chất trong hỗn hợp phản ứng vư a đủ với nhau tạo thành 25 gam hỗn hợp este (giả thiết phản ứng este ho a a t hiệu suất 100%) Hai axit trong hỗn hợp X là A HCOOH... nhau nên các muối có số mol bằng nhau và bằng x 136x + 123x + 190x = 8,98 x = 0,02  X + O2 thu được các oxit: ZnO, Cr2O3 , SnO2 nO2 = ½ x + ¾ x + x = 2,25x = 0,045 mol V O2 = 0,045.22,4 = 1,008 lít Câu 59: Tách nước hỗn hợp gồm ancol etylic và ancol Y chi tạo ra 2 anken Đốt cháy cùng số mol mỗi ancol thì lượng nước sinh ra từ ancol này bằng 5/3 lần lượng nước sinh ra từ ancol... là A HCOOH và CH3COOH B CH3COOH và C2H5COOH C C2H5COOH và C3H7COOH D C2H7COOH và C4H9COOH Giải nX = 2nH2 = 0,6 mol Các chất trong X phản ứng với nhau vư a đủ => Số mol cu a ancol = số mol cu a axit = 0,6/2 = 0,3 mol => n este = 0,3 mol CnH2n + 1COOCH3 ME = 25/0,3 = 83,3 14n + 60 = 83,3  n = 1,66  2 axit là CH3COOH và C2H5COOH  Câu 58: Cho m gam hỗn hợp bột X gồm ba kim loại Zn, Cr,... ra từ ancol kia Ancol Y là A CH3-CH2-CH(OH)-CH3 B CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH C CH3-CH2-CH2-OH D CH3-CH(OH)-CH3 Giải Y tách nước tạo anken => Y là ancol no đơn chức C2H5OH  → 3H2O CnH2n + 1OH  → (n + 1)H2O n + 1 = 3.5/3 => n = 4 C4H9OH Y tách nước chi tạo một anken => Y là CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH Câu 60: Xét cân bằng: N2O4 (k) € 2NO2 (k) ở 250C Khi chuyển dịch sang một trạng thái cân bằng mới... bằng nhau tác dụng hết với lượng dư dung dịch HCl loãng, nóng thu được dung dịch Y và khí H 2 Cô cạn dung dịch Y thu được 8,98 gam muối khan Nếu cho m gam hỗn hợp X tác dụng hoàn toàn với O 2 (dư) để tạo hỗn hợp 3 oxit thì thể tích khí O2 (đktc) phản ứng là A 2,016 lít B 0,672 lít C 1,344 lít D 1,008 lít Giải X + HCl thu được muối: ZnCl 2, CrCl2, SnCl2 Vì các kim loại có... ở 250C Khi chuyển dịch sang một trạng thái cân bằng mới nếu nồng độ cu a N2O4 tăng lên 9 lần thì nồng độ cu a NO2 A tăng 9 lần B tăng 3 lần C tăng 4,5 lần D giảm 3 lần Giải Gọi nồng độ cu a N2O4 và NO2 ban đầu lần lượt là a, x Sau khi tăng nồng độ cu a N2O4 là 9a, cu a NO2 là y y x2 y2 =3 => = x a 9a . 57:$J/2_M&%888&4%83-CNp&8p2&+ƒ% -_-•;&O?p&X8 8A8 2+RB&NB  3-N&;!p-J/23    -l c&O;&VOd&&+J/22 A s-:X8&P&SJ/2M(&M3 8A &8p& 2 A M(&M-P&89(d&0e;!88&&+J/2 <!$$ # $!. $OP8&C4t&C2+&CMqCM&&&C&`&C8&+8 RR!)&C&'/2 <!# =! $! !S Câu 20: *+()O2O&48Z(i2M3$ R  S ; 30;hM&B&&+.X.&8i&+$ 3;hM&B8&2MNt-'86|&B 3#;hMw-Z (A d&NMOd&89&d) 3;hM&82 A &p4+&p8&+•C4MqM $O2O&48Z-c <!30;3;3;. $E4`  3N;  3N; €  # 3N;!]8&n89&-,&V&KN)8:J/2NB(X8   8A -8!hO&48Z-cN88iE4`% <!h A & A 89&E4`%Z&M8i&@N8&n89&-,! =!h A &@& A 89&E4`%Z&M8iN8&n89&-,! $!h A &89&E4`%Z&M8i&@N8&n89&-,! !h A &@&89&E4`%Z&M8iN8&n89&-,! 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