Week: Teaching date: Period: Preparing date: UNIT 16: HISTORICAL PLACES VOCABULARY Vocabulary Pronunciation Meanings A. READING 1. historical place [his't{rikl pleis] di tích lòch sử 2. cultural (a) ['kÝltS±r±l] thuộc về văn hoá 3. site (n) [sait] đòa điểm, nơi 4. originally (adv) [±'ridZn±li] nơi khởi nguồn, về nguồn gốc 5. dynasty (n) ['din±sti] triều đại 6. representative (n) [,repri'zent±tiv] đại diện 7. Confucian (adj, n) [k±n'fju:Sn] (thuộc) nho giáo, nhà nho 8. behaviour (n) [bi'heivj±] cách ứng xử 9. educate (v) ['edZUkeit] đào tạo 10. talented (a) ['tỉl±ntid] có tài 11. memorialize (v) [m±'mỴ:ri±laiz] tôn vinh, tưởng nhớ 12. brilliant (adj) ['brili±nt] lỗi lạc 13. scholar (n) ['sk{l±] học giả 14. achievement (n) [±'tSi:vm±nt] thành tựu, thành tích 15. royal examination (n) interprovincial examination pre-court examination ['rỴi±l ig,zỉmi'neiSn] [,int±pr±'vinSl] thi đình thi hương thi hội 16. engrave (v) [in'greiv] chạm, khắc 17. stone stele (n) – stelae (ns) [st±Un 'sti:li] bia đá 18. giant (adj) ['dZai±nt] khổng lồ 19. tortoise (n) ['tỴ:t±s] con rùa 20. well-preserved (adj) [wel pri'zÄ:vd] được bảo tồn kỹ 21. traditional (a) [tr±'diS±nl] theo truyền thống 22. architecture (n) ['¿:kitektS±] kiến trúc 23. banyan tree (n) ['bỉni±n] cây đa 24. witness (n) ['witnis] sự làm chứng 25. feudal times (n) ['fju:dl] thời phong kiến 26. flourish (v) ['flÝriS] phát triển, trang trí 27. pride (n) [praid] niềm tự hào 28. construction (n) [k±n'strÝkSn] công trình xây dựng B. SPEAKING 29. Mausoleum (n) [,mỴ:s±'li:±m] lăng 30. late president (n) [leit 'prezid±nt] chủ tòch quá cố 31. Hue imperial city [im'pi±ri±l] Hoàng cung Huế 32. heritage (n) ['heritidZ] di sản 33. comprise (v) [k±m'praiz] gồm có 34. Royal Citadel (n) ['rỴi±l 'sit±dl] Kinh Thành 35. Imperial Enclosure (n) [im'pi±ri±l in'kl±UZ±] Hoàng Thành 36. Forbidden City (n) [f±'bidn 'siti] Tử Cấm Thành 37. admission fee (n) [±d'miSn] tiền vào cửa 38. Conference hall (n) ['kỴnf±r±ns hỴ:l] phòng hội nghò 39. Reunification hall (n) ['ri:,ju:nifi'keiSn hỴ:l] Phủ tổng thống 40. Independence Palace (n) [,indi'pend±ns 'pỉlis] Dinh độc lập 41. air bombardment (n) [bỴm'b¿:dm±nt] cuộc không tạc bằng bom 42. chamber (n) ['tSeimb±] phòng lớn 43. maintenance (n) ['meint±n±ns] sự trùng tu C. LISTENING 44. Notre Dame Cathedral [deim k±'Hi:dr±l] nhà thờ Đức Bà 45. Ha Long Bay Vònh Hạ Long 46. The Huc Bridge [bridZ] cầu Thê Húc 47. Noon Gate [nu:n] [geit] Ngọ Môn 48. Japanese Covered Bridge [,dZỉp±'ni:z] ['kÝv±d] Cầu Nhật Bản 49. Assembly Hall of Cantonese Chinese Congregation [±'sembli] [,kỉnt±'ni:z] ['tSai'ni:z] [,kỴNgri'geiSn] Hội quán Quảng Đông 50. Ancient town of Hoi An ['einS±nt] [taUn] phố cổ Hội An 51. merchant (n) ['mÄ:tS±nt] thương gia 52. pillar (n) ['pil±] cột 53. carve (v) [k¿:v] khắc, chạm 54. destination (n) [,desti'neiSn] nơi đến 55. vessel (n) ['vesl] thuyền lớn 56. ornamental (adj) [,Ỵ:n±'mentl] trang hoàng 57. certify (v) ['s±:tifai] chứng nhận 58. Far East (n) [f¿:(r) i:st] viễn đông 59. thatch-roofed (adj) [HỉtS] [ru:ft] lợp bằng, rơm, rạ 60. tile-roofed (adj) [tail] [ru:ft] lợp ngói 61. UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) [ju:'nesk±U] Tổ chức Giáo Dục, Khoa Học và Văn Hoá của LHQ 62. characteristic (n) [,kỉr±kt±'ristik] đặc tính, đặc điểm D. WRITING 63. describe (v) = description (n) [dis'kraib] [dis'kripSn] miêu tả 64. chart (n) [tS¿:t] biểu đồ 65. increase (v, n) ['inkri:s] tăng, sự tăng lên 66. decrease (v, n) ['di:kri:s] giảm, sự giảm sút E. LANGUAGE FOCUS 67. comparative (a) [k±m'pỉr±tiv] so sánh hơn 68. superlative (a) [sju:'pÄ:l±tiv] so sánh nhất 69. pleasure (n) ['pleZ±] niềm vui thích 70. measure (n) ['meZ±] sự đo lường 71. illusion (n) [i'lu:Zn] sự ảo tưởng 72. massage (n) ['mỉs¿:Z] sự xoa bóp 73. Swedish (n) ['swi:diS] người Th Điển 74. dangerous (a) ['deindZr±s] nguy hiểm 75. passenger (n) ['pỉsindZ±] hành khách 76. plane (n) [plein] máy bay 77. transport (n) ['trỉnspỴ:t] sự chuyên chở 78. solution (n) [s±'lu:Sn] giải pháp 79. obviously (adv) ['{bvi±sli] rõ ràng 80. mean (n) [mi:ns] phương tiện 81. healthy (a) >< unhealthy (a) ['helHi]>< [Ýn'helHi] khoẻ mạnh >< ốm yếu GRAMMAR: I. COMPARISONS. (CÁC HÌNH THỨC SO SÁNH) 1. Equal comparisons (So sánh bằng) a. With adjectives: Ex1: I am as tall as he is. 2: She is as beautiful as her sister. b. With adverbs: Ex1: He runs as fast as I do 2: She writes as carefully as me 2. Comparatives (So sánh hơn) * With adjectives: a. With short adjectives: (Với tính từ ngắn) Ex: John is stronger than his brother. Notes: - Cách nhận biết tính từ ngắn: + Tính từ có một âm tiết: fast, strong, small, long … + Tính từ có hai âm tiết kết thúc bằng “y, ow, le, er”. Ex: happy, narrow, simple, clever … - Quy tắc thêm “er” cho tính từ ngắn: + Tính từ ngắn có một âm tiết mà kết thúc bằng một phụ âm trước phụ âm đó là một nguyên âm thì ta nhân đôi phụ âm cuối rồi thêm “er” khi sang so sánh hơn: big > bigger, hot > hotter… + Tính từ ngắn kết thúc bằng nguyên âm “e” thì thêm “r” khi sang so sánh hơn: simple simpler … + Tính từ ngắn kết thúc bằng “y” thì biến “y” thành “i + er” khi sang so sánh hơn: happy  happier … b. With long adjectives: (Với tính từ dài) Ex: This problem is more difficult than we thought. (Vấn đề này khó hơn chúng ta nghó.) * With adverbs: a. With short adverbs: (Với trạng từ ngắn) Ex: John runs faster than his brother. Notes: - Cách nhận biết trạng từ ngắn: chính là các tính từ ngắn S 1 + be + adj-er + than + S 2 + be O S 1 + be + more + adj + than + S 2 + be O * Affirmative: S 1 + be + as + adj +as + S 2 + be O * Negative: S 1 + be + not + as/so + adj + as + S 2 + be O * Interrogative: Be + S 1 + as + adj + as + S 2 + be? O * Affirmative: S 1 + V + as + adv +as + S 2 + Aux. O * Negative: S 1 + Aux. + not + V + as/so + adv + as + S 2 + Aux. O * Interrogative: Aux. + S 1 + V + as + adv + as + S 2 + Aux.? O S 1 + V + adv-er + than + S 2 + Aux. O - Trạng từ dài là: adj + ly  adv như: careful + ly  carefully … b. With long adverbs: (Với trạng từ dài) Ex: He drives more carefully than his brother. 3. Superlatives: (So sánh nhất) * With adjectives: a. With short adjectives: (Với tính từ ngắn) Ex: John is the strongest in his family. Note: - Quy tắc thêm “est” cho tính từ ngắn: + Tính từ ngắn có một âm tiết kết thúc bằng một phụ âm mà trước phụ âm đó là một nguyên âm ta nhân đôi phụ âm cuối và thêm đuôi “est” khi sang so sánh nhất: hot  hottest … + Tính từ ngắn kết thúc bằng nguyên âm “e” thì thêm “st” khi sang so sánh nhất: simple simplest … + Tính từ ngắn kết thúc bằng “y” thì biến “y” thành “i + est” khi sang so sánh nhất: happy  happiest … Ex: Yesterday was the hottest day of the year. b. With long adjectives: (Với tính từ dài) Ex: This exercise is the most difficult in unit 16. * With adverbs: a. With short adverbs: (Với trạng từ ngắn) Ex: John runs the fastest in his class. b. With long adverbs: (Với trạng từ dài) Ex: My father drives the most carefully in my family. 4. Irregular adjectives and adverbs: (Tính từ và trạng từ bất qui tắc) Adjectives/ adverbs Comparative Superlative good/well (tốt) better the best bad/badly (xấu, dở) worse the worst far (xa) farther / further the farthest / the furthest much/ many (nhiều) more the most little (ít) less the least Ex: Her English is better than mine. (Tiếng Anh của cô ta thì tốt hơn tôi.) EXERCISES Exercise 1: Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of the words in brackets. 1. Learning to speak a language is often much (easy) __________________ than learning to write it. 2. This hotel must be (expensive) __________________ than the small one next door. 3. An orange is (large) __________________ than a plum. 4. He is certainly (unusual) __________________ person I have ever met. 5. Bringing up children is one of (hard) __________________ jobs in the world. 6. His latest film was (interesting) __________________ than his previous ones. 7. What is (difficult) __________________ thing you have ever done? S + be + the + adj-est + (N) … S + be + the most + adj + (N) … S 1 + V + more + adv + than + S 2 +Aux. O S + V + the + adv-est + (N) … S + V + the most + adv + (N) … 8. When I saw her, she looked much (thin) __________________ than I remembered her. 9. Losing your credit card is (bad) __________________ than losing your money. 10. This is (fast) __________________ car we produce. Exercise 2: Complete the following sentences, using the cues below. 1. A mouse/ a cat/ small. 2. A radio/ a television/ cheap. 3. The sun/ the moon/ big. 4. A mountain/ a hill/ high. 5. Your hair/ my hair/ long. 6. French food/ English food/ good. 7. Love/ money/ important. 8. This chair/ that chair/ comfortable. 9. A dog/ a chicken/ intelligent. 10. This lesson/ that one/ difficult. 11. A rose/ a weed/ beautiful. 12. This book/ that book/ interesting. Exercise 3: Change the given adjectives into adverbs and complete these sentences. 1. Linda can type ______________________________ than last year. (quick) 2. He can play football ______________________________ than last year. (good) 3. They can speak English ______________________________ than last year. (fluent) 4. Paul can do his homework ______________________________ than last year. (careful) 5. He is ______________________________ than last year. (hard-working) 6. She becomes ______________________________ than yesterday. (happy) 7. I prepare my lessons ______________________________ than last week. (careful) 8. He has to work a lot _____________________________ in this new job than that one last year. (hard) 9. She dances ______________________________ than last year. (graceful) 10. Today the weather is ______________________________ than it was yesterday. (nice) 11. Kate got home ______________________________ than Alice did. (late) 12. I finished my work ______________________________ than Tom did. (quick) 13. Mary sings ______________________________ than Margaret does. (beautiful) 14. This exercise is ______________________________ than that one. (easy) 15. Alice speaks ______________________________ than I do. (loud) Exercise 4: Complete the following sentences, using the correct adjectives form. 1. ______________________________ city in Canada is Toronto. (large) 2. The Nile is ______________________________ river in the world. (long) 3. February is ______________________________ month of the year. (short) 4. I think health is ______________________________ thing in life. (important) 5. Mt. Everest is ______________________________ mountain in the world. (high) 6. This exercise is ______________________________ of all. (difficult) 7. ______________________________ reason of the year is spring. (beautiful) 8. Russia is ______________________________ country in the world. (large) 9. Chinese is ______________________________ of those three languages. (difficult) 10. Ho Chi Minh City is ______________________________ one in population. (big) Exercise 5: Complete sentences, using equal comparisons. 1. John is ______________________________ his brother. (tall) 2. Our flat is ______________________________ yours. (large) 3. He is not ______________________________ his sister. (intelligent) 4. She sings ______________________________ she plays. (beautiful) 5. He doesn’t speak English ______________________________ his sister. (good) 6. Her voice is not ______________________________ yours. (good) 7. Helen doesn’t prepare her homework ______________________________ she should. (careful) 8. We visit them ______________________________ we can. (often) 9. He didn’t arrive ______________________________ we thought. (early) 10. I came ______________________________ possible. (soon) Exercise 6: Finish the second sentences so that they will have the same meaning as the preceding. Form: S 1 + be + adj-er/ adv-er + than + S 2 = S 2 + be + not + so/as + adj + as + S 1. V more + adj/ adv Aux.+ not + V adv 1. Khanh is more beautiful than Nguyet. Nguyet is not 2. This house is bigger than that one. That house is 3. London is more crowded than Hanoi. Hanoi is not 4. Mai learns better than Cuc. Cuc doesn’t 5. Nhan was richer than Nghia. Nghia was not 6. Hong is thinner than Huong. Huong is not 7. Ha is more careful than Minh. Minh is not 8. Thang is older than Tho. Tho is not 9. Tuyet worked harder than Nga. Nga did not 10. Trien runs faster than Ve. Ve doesn’t KEY: Exercise 1: 1. easier 2. more expensive 3. larger 4. the most unusual 5. the hardest 6. more interesting 7. the most difficult 8. thinner 9. worse 10. the fastest Exercise 2: 1. A mouse is smaller than a cat. 2. A radio is cheaper than a television. 3. The sun is bigger than the moon. 4. A mountain is higher than a hill. 5. Your hair is longer than my hair. 6. French food is better than English food. 7. Love is more important than money. 8. This chair is more comfortable than that chair. 9. A dog is more intelligent than a chicken. 10. This lesson is more difficult than that one. 11. A rose is more beautiful than a weed. 12. This book is more interesting than that book. Exercise 3: 1. more quickly 2. better 3. more fluently 4. more carefully 5. more hard-working 6. happier 7. more carefully 8. harder 9. more gracefully 10. nicer 11. later 12. more quickly 13. more beautifully 14. easier 15. more loudly Exercise 4: 1. the largest 2. the longest 3. the shortest 4. the most important 5. the highest 6. the most difficult 7. the most beautiful 8. the largest 9. the most difficult 10. the biggest Exercise 5: 1. as tall as 2. as large as 3. as intelligent as 4. as beautifully as 5. as well as 6. as good as 7. as carefully as 8. as often as 9. as early as 10. as soon as Exercise 6: 1. Nguyet is not so beautiful as Khanh. 2. That house is not as big as this house. 3. Hanoi is not so crowed as London. 4. Cuc doesn’t learn so well as Mai. 5. Nghia was not so rich as Nhan. 6. Huong is not as thin as Hong. 7. Minh is not so careful as Ha. 8. Tho is not so old as Thang. 9. Nga didn’t work as hard as Tuyet. 10. Ve doesn’t run so fast as Trien. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Week: Preparing date: Period: Teaching date: GENERAL EXERCISES OF UNIT 16 A. TÖÏ LUAÄN. I. Give the correct form of the verbs. 1. I (know) _____________________ him since our schooldays. 2. Five thousand dollars (be) _____________________ a big sum. 3. If he (study) _____________________ a little harder, he would pass the test. 4. Neither his friends nor he (go) _____________________ to the concert tonight. II. Complete the following sentences using the given words 5. They/ eat/ less/ vegetables/ meat. 6. What/ large/ city/ your country? 7. There/ more visitors/ March/ April. III. Complete the second sentences so that it has a similar meaning to the first one. 8. Liz drinks more milk than George. George doesn’t 9. Rachael doesn’t cooks as well as Helen. Helen cooks 10. My father is taller than yours. Your father B. TRAÉC NGHIEÄM I. PHONETIC Choose the word in each group that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest. 1. a. university b. sugar c. sell d. sometimes 2. a. machine b. merchant c. Chinese d. chamber Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern. 3. a. mausoleum b. memorialize c. Confucius d. achievement 4. a. existence b. architecture c. imperial d. construction II. VOCABULARY- GRAMMAR 5. He takes no pride _________________ his work. a. up b. in c. for d. with 6. More and more foreign tourists arrive _________________ Vietnam. a. at b. for c. along d. in 7. Quoc Tu Giam is _________________ first university of _________________ Vietnam. a. a/ no article b. the/ no article c. no article/ the d. a/ the 8. He became internationally famous at the age of twenty for his novels and poetry. a. well-informed b. well-known c. well-done d. well-educated Keys: A. I. 1. have known 2. is 3. studied 4. goes II. 5. They eat less vegetables than meat. 6. What is the largest city in your country? 7. There were more visitors in March than in April. III. 8. George doesn’t drink as much milk as Liz. 9. Helen cooks better than Rachael. 10. Your father isn’t as tall as mine/ my father. B. 1. b 2. a 3. a 4. b 5. b 6. d 7. b 8. b . work as hard as Tuyet. 10. Ve doesn’t run so fast as Trien. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Week: Preparing date: Period: Teaching date: GENERAL EXERCISES OF UNIT 16 A. TÖÏ LUAÄN. I. Give. year. b. With long adjectives: (Với tính từ dài) Ex: This exercise is the most difficult in unit 16. * With adverbs: a. With short adverbs: (Với trạng từ ngắn) Ex: John runs the fastest in. difficult 10. the biggest Exercise 5: 1. as tall as 2. as large as 3. as intelligent as 4. as beautifully as 5. as well as 6. as good as 7. as carefully as 8. as often as 9. as early as 10. as soon